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About The Norfolk weekly news-journal. (Norfolk, Neb.) 1900-19?? | View Entire Issue (Dec. 5, 1902)
THE NORFOLK NEWS : JKIUDAY , DKOEM1WR f > , JM2 , .Ex-Secretary of War Succeeds Late Senator McMillan. HOUSE TO PAY STRIKE JUDGES. Will Consider Dill Voting Money to Arbitrators at Today's Sitting. Congress Hears the Reading of the President's Message. Washington , Doc. 3. Interest In the session of the senate yesterday wns heightened by the fact that the presi dent's message to congress would bo road and also that General Russell A. Alger of Michigan , former secretary of war under President McIClnloy , would bo aworii in to flll the vacancy caused by the death of Senator Mc Millan. Ills desk and chair were hid den beneath a mass of flowers , and as he took his seat , ho was surrounded by a number of his colleagues who ex tended hearty congratulations. In the gallery were a number of General Al- ger's personal friends and his faintly. One hour of the session was con sumed in reading the president's mes sage. Almost the entire Republican representation was In their seats , but not ir.oro than half of the Democratic scats were occupied. The closest at tention was paid to the message , and frequently senators would confer con cerning some special portion of It which had attracted their notice. A number of bills and resolutions were Introduced , following a brief executive session. The resignation of the Rev. W. H. Milburn , the blind chapluln of the senate , was received with genuine regret. He had become a familiar fig ure In the body and was personally ac quainted with every senator. No ac tion was taken on the resignation. At 1:50 : p. m. the senate adjourned until today out of respect to the mem ory of the late Charles Russell , late representative from Connecticut. The house was In session two hours yesterday. One hour of the time was consumed in reading the president's message. The reading was listened to with attention by members without regard to party , but without demon stration except at the conclusion of the reading , when the Republicans ap plauded generously. Mr. Cannon , chairman of the committee on appro priations , gave notice that the bill to defray the expenses of the coal strike commission wpuld bo called up today. The deaths of the late Representa tives DeGraffenreld and Sheppard of Texas , which occurred during the re cess , were announced and after adopt ing the customary resolutions of re gret , the house adjourned as a further mark of respect to their memories. The Opening Day. Washington Dec. 2. The senate was In session twelve minutes yester day , the first day of the session , an ad journment until today being taken out of respect to the memory of the late Senator James McMillan , who died during the recess. Rarely has the his toric chamber presented such an ap pearance as it did yesterday. The custom of placing flowers on the desks of senators on the opening day for a session , is one which has been long followed , but the display yesterday was admittedly the most magnificent of any that heretofore has been seen. Many of the senators were early on the floor and kept busy exchanging greetings with old acquaintances. The galleries were packed to suffocation and hundreds stood outside the corri dors anxious to gain admission. No business was transacted beyond passIng - Ing the customary resolutions that the senate was ready to proceed to busi v. ness and fixing the hour of convening the sessions at 12 o'clock. The opening of the Fifty-seventh congress in the house was , as usual , a spectacular event. The galleries of the freshly decorated hall were packed to the doors with people prominent In society and politics and the flower show on the floor , although not as elaborate as usual , filled the chamber with perfume and added grace and beauty to the scene. The members were good natured and Jovial and there was no outcropping of partisan feeling. Speaker Henderson received a cordial reception as ho resumed the gavel , but beyond this , there was no demonstration. A prayer , the calling of the roll , the swearing in of members elected to flll vacancies created by death or res ignation during the recess , the ndop- tion of the customary resolutions to appoint a commltteo to wait on the president and Inform him and the sen ate that the house was ready to trans act business and to fix the dally hour of meeting , summarizes what was done. Then the death of the late Representative Russell of Connecticut , which occurred In the early fall , was announced by his successor , Mr. Bran- degoe , the usual resolution of regret was adopted and the house , as a fur ther mark of respect , adjourned until today , when the president's message will bo read. A number of bills were introduced In the house affecting commercial combines , but none are administration measures. Several had been shown to Attorney General Knox , "but ho neither approved nor disapproved any of tbo proposed measures. "Yon needn't hide thnt letter you're writing. That's Impolite. I wasn't looking at It. " \ "You shouldn't have noticed that I wns trying to hide it. That wasn't po lite either. " Chicago Tribune. LONG LIST OF NOMINATIONS. D. E. Thompson of Lincoln Named for Minister to Brazil. Washington , Dec. 3. The president sent the following nomlnntlonn to the Bonato : Oliver Wendell Holmes , Man- sachusotts , associate Justice supreme court of the United States ; Francis M. Wright , Illinois , Judge of the court of claims ; John T. Dobolt , Hawaii , first Judge of the Tarrltoty of Hawaii ; Henry L , West , commissioner of the District of Columbia ; Robert A. Me- Cormick , Illinois , ambassador extraor dinary and plonlpotontlary to Austria- Hungary ; Charlemagne Tower , Penn sylvania , ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to Germany. Envoys Extraordinary and Ministers - tors Plenipotentiary Charles Page Uryan , Illinois , to Switzerland ; Leslie Coombs , Kentucky , to Guatemala and Honduras ; Arthur S. Hardy , New Hampshire , to Spain ; John 11. Jack- sou , Now Jersey , to Greece ; David E. Thompson , Nebraska , to llrazll. Iowa Postmasters L , E. Cox , Hello Plalno ; J. A. Romingor , Illoomfleld ; C. A. Hainmon , Dews ; G. F. Peek , Al- goua ; W. D. Means , Uoono ; J. McKay , Sr. , DCS Molnes ; J. F. Mentzer , Knox- ylllo ; J. H. Dunlap , Clarlnda ; C. L. Roberts , Grlnnell ; N. A. Dillon , Co lumbus Junction ; E. P. Delander , Madrid. CREW OF HEBARD SAVED. Owing to Heroic Efforts of Mates No Lives Were Lost. Sault Sto. Marie , Mich. , Dec. 3. The erew of the lost steamer Hobard was rescued Sunday morning and pulled ashore In a 'bosun's chair while the toamer was pounding to pieces on the rocks off Mamalso Point. The vessel went on the rocks bow on In a blindIng - Ing snowstorm shortly after midnight. The crew could Just distinguish the outlines of the rocky shore and it looked as though no small boat could possibly live In the raging sea that was washing over the ship's decks with every billow. But the boat was already settling on her side and It was evident that the vessel could not withstand the strain. Volunteers to make the attempt to carry a line ashore were found in First Mate Bur- roll and Second Mate Jacktun. Twice their boat was hurled back by the waves when they had all but reached the goal , but the third time the boat spilled them out Just Inside the line of safety. Clambering up the rocks , clinging tightly to the line upon which hung the lives of their comrades , the two men , bruised and bleeding from head to foot , fell exhausted on the shore. Oscar Carlson , who lives nearby , came upon the scene , and with his sons , assisted in rescuing those on board. BANK ROBBERS FIGHT POSSE. Montana Bandits Shoot Their Way to Freedom. Butte , Mont. , Dec. 3. The last word received from the scene of the chase of the Brldger bank robbers stated that the bandits had crossed the Northern Pacific at Roberts and had then turned north and were headed in the direction of Columbus. C. L. Merrill , who led a posse of four men , returned to Bridger for refreshments. He stated that his posse overtook the robbers at Sand creek. The robbeia dismounted and led their horses far up among the rim rocks , fortifying themselves behind the , boulders. Thir ty or forty shots were exchanged be tween the ppsso before the robbers made their escape. The amount taken Is believed to be in the neighborhood of $10,000. SENATORS FIGHT NEW STATES. Admission of New Mexico and Arizona Meets With Strong Opposition. Washington , Dec. 3. The Republic an members of the senate committee on territories who are opposed to re porting the statehood bill as it passed the house of representatives were again in conference , Senator Quay be ing the only absentee. They were engaged principally in going over the testimony recently taken by the senate committee In New Mexico and Arizona with the view to making as strong a showing as possi ble In opposition to the admission of those two territories. Anti-Imperialists Meet. Boston , Dec. 3. On the occasion of the annual meeting of the New En gland Anti-Imperialist League at the Twentieth Century club yesterday a luncheon was given , in which some 200 ladies and gentlemen participated. Former Governor Boutwell presided and , In opening , he spoke of the growth of the anti-Imperialist move ment and said that the only way to Dverthrdw the imperialistic tendency f the administration was by the over throw of the Republican party. Victim of Melancholy. St. Louis , Dec. 3. Captain Edward K. Alton , aged sixty-one , retired cap- Itallat and veteran officer of the Loyal Legion , committed suicide by shooting at his home in Westminster place last light. He iras a victim of melancholy. Two Sentenced to Hang. Jefferson City , Mo. , Dec. 3. Tha Missouri supreme court yesterday sentenced William Gatlln and Charles Gurley , both negro murderers , to hang on Jan. 3 next. Gatlln killed Thomas Graham in Poplar Bluff. Charles Gur ley killed Hoslo HIgglns in St. Louis. Strike Situation at Marseilles. Marseilles , Doc. 3. The only change in the strike situation has been for the worse , though no out break has occurred. Work has al most ceased , as the crows of the tugs have joined the strikers and the move ment of foreign vessels is difficult. To the Senate niul House of liven : Wo Htlll continue In n period of un bounded prosperity. This prosperity la not tlui crenturo of Inw , lint undoubtedly the lawn under which wo wotk Imvo l > rcn ItiHtmmcntul In creating the condition : ! which made It possible , nnd by unwlno ICR Isliitloii It would lin cany enough to destroy It. Thcro will undoubtedly bo porlodn of depression. The wuvo will rocoilo , hut the tlilo will advance. Tills nation IH ucaled on a continent Hanked by two great oceans. It Irt composed of men the do- ftcondanlH of plonooiH or , In u HOIIHP , plo- nueni thcmoolvcH of mutt wlnnowul out from among the natlotiH of the old world by the energy , boldness nnd love of ad- vunturo found In their own eager heat Is. Such a nation HO nluui.illll surely wrest success from foi twin. As a people wo have playtd n largo part In the wet Id , anil wo aio bent upon mak ing our future oven lurgcr than the punt. In particular the ovontii of thu latit foui yoaiw have dcllnltcly decided that for \\ou or for weal our plaeo imitU bo HI eat among the nations. YYo may ulthur ( all K'oatiy ' or uucceod greatly , but wo cannot avoid the endeavor from which either gnat falluro or gruat HUCCCBS nuiHt come. JOvon If woould wo cannot play a small part If wo Hhould try , all tnat would follow would bo that wo Hhould play u largo part Ignobly anil siiumcfully , But our people , the HOIIH of the men of the civil war , the norm of the man who had Iron In tholr blood , rc'jolco In the tire-Bent and face the fntmu high of heait und resolute of will. Oiji Is not the creed of the weakling u. the cowurd , ours la the gospel of hoiw anil of tri umphant endeavor. Wo do not Hhrlnk from the Btrugglo before ua Tlimo aio many problems for ua to face at tno out- Hot of the twentieth ccntury-gravo prob lems abroad and Htlll graver at homo-hut wo know that vso can Bolvo them , tut I Bolvo them well , provided only that v o brltiK to the Holutlon the qualities of head and heart which wore uhnwn by the men who In the days of Washington founded tlilH government and In the days of Lin coln preserved It. No country has over occupied a higher piano of material well being ( ban ours at the present moment. This well being IB due to no sudden or accidental causes , butte to the play of the economic forces In thin country for over a century ; to our lawn , our sustained and continuous policies , above all , to the high Individual average of our citizenship. Great fortunes have been won by these who have taken ttio lead In this phenomenal Industrial iluvel- opmcnt , and most of these fet tunes hu\o been won not by doing evil , but as tin In cident to uctlon which has benelllcd the community as a whole. Never before has material well being been BO widely dif fused among our people. Great fortunes have been accumulated , nnd yet In the aggregate these fortunes are small In deed when compared to the wealth of the people as a whole. The plain people me better off than they have ever been be fore. The Insurance companies , which are practically mutual benefit node-lies especially helpful to men of moderate means represent accumulations of capi tal which are among the largest In this country. There are more deposits In tbo savings banks , more owners of farms moro well paid wageworkers In this coun try now than ever before In our history Of course when the conditions have fa vored the growth of BO innrh that was good they have also favoied somewhat the growth of what was evil. It Is emi nently necessary that wo should endeavor to cut out this evil , but let us keep a due eonso of proportion : let us not In fixing our gaze upon the lesser evil forget the greater good. The evils are real , and Home of them are menacing , but they are the outgrowth not of misery or decadence , but of profiperlty , of the progress of onr gigantic ] Industrial development. This In dustrial development must not bo checked , but side by side with It should go such progressive regulation as will diminish the evils. We should fall In our duty If wo did not try to remedy the evils , but wo shall succeed only If wo proceed patient ly , with practical common sense us well as resolution , separating the good from the bad and holding on to the former while endeavoring to get rid of the latter. In my message to the present congress at Its llrst session I discussed at length the question of the regulation of these big corporations commonly doing an In terstate business , often with Bomo tenden cy to monopoly , which are popularly known as trusts. The experlenco of the past year has emphasized , In my opinion , the desirability of the steps I then pro posed. A fundamental requisite of nodal elllclency Is a high standard of Individual energy and excellence , but this Is In no- wlso Inconsistent with power to act In combination for alms which cannot BO well bo achieved by the Individual acting alono. A fundamental base of ctvIlUntlon Is the Inviolability of property : but this Is In nowlso Inconsistent with the right of society to regulate the exerclso of the artificial powers which It confers upon the owners of property under the name of cor porate franchises In such a way as to prevent the mlsuso of. these powers. Cor porations , nnd especially combinations of corporations , should bo managed under public regulation. Experience has shown that under our system of government the necessary supervision cannot bo obtained by state action. It must therefore bo achieved by national action. Our aim U not to do away with corporations. On the contrary , these big aggregations are an Inevitable development of modern Indus trialism , and the effort to destroy them would be futile unless accomplished In ways that would work the utmost mis chief to the entire body politic. We can do nothing of good In the way of regulat ing and supervising these corporations until wo fix clearly In our minds that wo are not attacking the corporations , but endeavoring to do away with any evil In them. Wo are not hostile to them Wo are merely determined that they shall bo BO handled as to subserve the public good Wo draw the line against misconduct , not against wealth. The capitalist who , alone or In conjunction with his fellows , per forms some great Industrial feat by which ho wins money Is a welldoer , not a wrong doer , provided only he works In proper nnd legitimate lines. We wish to favor such a man when ho does well. We wish to supervise and control his actions only to prevent him from doing 111. Publicity can do no harm to the honest corporation , and we need not bo overtendcr about sparing the dishonest corporation. In curbing and regulating the combina tions of capital which are or may become Injurious to the public we must be care ful not to stop the great enterprises which have legitimately reduced the cost of pro duction , not to abandon the place which our country has won In the leadership of the International Industrial world , not to strike down wealth with the result of closing factories and mines , of turning the wageworker Idle In the streets and leaving the farmer without a market for what he grows Insistence upon the Im possible means delay In achieving the pos sible exactly as , on the other hand , the stubborn defense alike of what Is good and what Is bad In the existing system , the resolute effort to obstruct any at tempt at betterment , betrays blindness to the historic truth that wise evolution Is the sure safeguard against revolution. No more Important subject can come before the congress than this of the regu lation of Interstate business. This country cannot afford to sit supine on the plea that under our peculiar system of govern ment wo are helpless In the presence of the new conditions and unable to grapple with them or to cut out whatever of evil has arisen In connection with them. The power of the congress to regulate Inter state commerce Is an absolute and un qualified grant and without limitations other than those prescribed by the consti tution. The congress has constitutional authority to make nil taws necessary and proper for executing this power , nnd I am satlcflcd that this power lias not been ex hausted by any legislation now on the statute books. It Is evident , therefore , that evils restrictive of commercial free dom and entailing restraint upon national commerce fall within the regulative pow er of the congress and that a wise and reasonable law would b n necessary and proper exerclso of congressional authority lo the end that such evils should bo erad icated. I believe that monopolies , unjust dis criminations , which prevent or cripple competition , fraudulent overcapitalization and other evils In trust organizations and practice * which Injtirlnutdx affect Inter- utalti trade tan bo provonU'd under I hit power of the cotiKrcHH to "rcHUlatn rum inrrco with foiclgn nations and umonii llin Din-oral states" through rcrtUlutloim and rftinlicmontM operating directly upon mirli commerce , ( ho Insti umcntalltlos thin'of and thorn ) onusKed therein 1 eaiiH'Htly recommend thin miliject to thr consideration of thu eiii ronn w'llh a vlou to the pnmmgi ) of a law reasonable In ltn provisions and erTocllve In KM oporatlotiH upon which tlio questions ean ho llnalh adjudicated Unit now ralso ilouhtii as t i the necessity of constitutional iiiueail- nieiit. If It provo Impossible ! to arcotn pllsh the purposes ahosu set foitli by mich a law , then assuredly wo Hhould not nhrlnk from lunundlntr the constitution no nH to Hocuin bo ) und peradvonlurn thu power nought. The congress has not heretofore made any appropriation for the lietter enforce ment of thn antitrust law ax II now i ( amis , Very much hail been done by the di-piii Intent of lustlco In rccuiliiK ( lie en forcomrnt of thin law , but much mole oiiulil bn done If coiiKieim would maid ) a ( tpeelal apptoprlatlon for this puipomto bo expended under the direction of thu attorney general One proposition advocated nan been the redurtfon of the tariff an a means of rouehlnic the evlln of lhi > trimlH which fall within the category I have descilbetl Not merely would thin br > wholly Inoffcc tlvo. but tlio diversion of our efforts In such a direction would mean the aban donment of all Intelligent attempt to do away with UH-HO ovlls. Many of the lar gest corporations , many of these which should certainly be Included In tiny pinpcr nehemo of regulation , would not no af fected In the HUglUe-fll degree by a change In thn tariff , save as mich change Inlet - fered with the general proHpetlly of the country The only relation of the. tariff to big corporations IIH'IV whole IH that the tariff makes manufactures profitable , and thi ) tariff remedy proposed would ho In effect simply to make manufactures tin- prolltable. To remove the tariff an u punltlvo meamiro directed against trusts would Inevitably result In ruin to the \\eaknr competitors who urn HtriiKKlIng against them Our aim should bo not b > unwlso tariff changes to glvn foreign prod uots the advantage over domestic prod ucts , but by proper regulation to give do- niiHtlo competition it fair chance , and thin end cannot bo reached by any tariff rlmngoH which would affect unfavorably all domestic competitor ! ) , good und bud alike. The question of regulation of tin ( rusts BtandH apart from the question of tariff revision. ( Stability of economic policy must al ways bo the prlmo economic need of this country Thin stability Hhould not ho fon- fllllzullon. The country has acquiesced In the wisdom of the protective tariff principle. It IH exceedingly undesirable that ( his system Hhould bo destroyed or that there should bn violent and radical changes tbe.eln. Our past experience shows that great prosperity In this conn- tr > has always come undoraprotoctlvo tar iff and that the country cannot pronpet under lltful tariff changes at shoit Inter vals Moreover , If the tariff laws as a whole work well and If business ban pros pered under them and Is prospering , It Is better to endure for a time Blight Incon- \enlcnc.es and Inequalities In some sclud uleH than to unset business by lee quick and too radical changes. It Is most ear nestly lo be wlslmd that we could trtut the tariff from the standpoint solely of our business needs. 11 Is , perhaps , lee much to hope that partisanship may bo entirely excluded from consideration of the subject , but at least It ran bo madu Hocondaiy lo the business Interests of the country that Is , lo the Interests of our people an a whole Unuucstlonablv thei.e ImslnvH.f Interests will best ho Hcr\ed if together with llxlly of principle an re- Kinds the tariff we combine a system which will pel mil us from time to tlmo lo make the necessary application of thu principle to the Hhlfllng national needs We must take scrupulous care that the reuppllcatlon shall be made In such a way that It will not amount to a dislocation of our system , the mere threat of which , not to speak of the performance , would pro duce paralysis In the business energies of the community , The tlrst consldeia- tlon in making tlieno changes would of course , be lo preserve the principle which underlies our whole tariff uystem that IH , the principle of putting American busi ness Interests at least on a full equality with Interests abroad und of always al lowing a HUfllclent rat of duty to more than cover the difference between thu labor coHt hero and abroad. The well beIng - Ing of the wageworker , llko tlio well be ing of the tiller of the uoll , should he treated as an essential In shaping our whole economic policy. There must never be any change which will Jeopardize the standard of comfort , the standard of wages , of the American wngoworkor One way In which the readjustment sought can ' > o reached IH by reciprocity treaties , It IH greatly to be desired that such treaties may bo adopted. They can bo used to widen our markets and to glvo a greater Hold for the activities of our producers 01 tlio one hand , and on thu oilier hand to secure In practical shape the lowering of duties when Ihey are no longer needed for prolecllon among our own people or when the minimum of dam age done may be disregarded for the Huke of the maximum of good accomplished If It provo Impossible to ratify the pend ing treaties and If there seem to \ > < t no warrant for Iho endeavor to execute oth ers or to amend the pending treaties BO that they can bo ratified , then the sumo end to secure reciprocity should bo met by direct legislation. Wherever the tariff conditions nro Buch that a needed change cannot with advan tage bo made by the application of the reciprocity idea , then It can bo made out right by a lowering of duties on a given product. If possible. , such change Hhould bo made only after the fullest considera tion by practical experts , who Hhould approach preach the subject from a business stand point , having In view both the particular interests affected and the commercial well being of the people as a whole. The ma chinery for providing such careful Inves tigation can readily bo supplied. The ex ecutive department has already at Us disposal methods of collecting facts and figures , and If the congress desires addi tional consideration to that which will ha given the subject by its own committees , then a commission of business experts can be appointed whoso duty it should be to recommend action by the congress after a dollbciato and scientific examination of the various schedules as they are affected by the changed and changing conditions The unhurried and unbiased report of this commission would show what changes should be made In the various schedules and how far these changes could go with out also changing the great prosporlt } which this country Is now enjoying or upsetting Its fixed economic policy. The cases In which the tariff can pro duce a monopoly are so few as to consti tute an Inconsiderable factor In the ques tion ; hut , of course , if In any case ( t be found that a given rate of duty does pro mote a monopoly which works 111 , no pro tectionist would object to such reduction of the duty as would equalize competition In my judgment , the tariff on anthracite coal should bo removed and anthracite put actually , where It now Is nominally , on the free list. This would have no effect at all save in crises ; but in crises It might be of service to the people Interest rates are a potent factor In business activity , and In order that these rates may be equalized to meet the vary ing needs of the seasons nnd of widely separated communities , and to prevent the recurrence of financial stringencies which Injuriously affect legitimate business , It Is necessary that there should be an cle ment of elasticity In our monetary sys tem. Banks are the natural servants of commerce , and upon them should bo placed , as far as practicable , the burden of furnishing and maintaining a circula tion adequate to supply the needs of our diversified Industries and of our domestic and foreign commerce , and the Issue of this should be BO regulated that a Hulll- clent supply should be always available for tha business Interests of the country. It would , be both unwise and unneces- " ' MI this Imi to MI.'I o rooon struct our financial system. ' which has been the growth of n century , but BO mo additional legislation Is , I think , desirable The mere outline of any plan sulllclently comprehensive to meet these requirements would transgress the appropriate limits of thla communication. It la suggested , however , that all future legislation on the subject should be with the view of en couraging the use of such Instrumentali ties aa will automatically supply every legitimate demand of productive Indus tries nnd of commerce , not only In tha amount , but In the character of circula tion , and of making all kinds of money Interchangeable nnd , nt thi will of th holder , convertible into the established gold standard. I again call your attention to the need of nagging a proper Immigration law , cov ering th * points outlined In my message to you at the first session of the present congress. Substantially such a bill has already passed the house. Ifnw lo nectiro fair treatment nlllin for libor and f .r capital how to bold In clink Iho uusi rnpuloiis man , whetlur em plover in employee , \\lthout wcuknilim Indhidimt InldnilMi , without hiimpeiltiu nnd clamping the Imlimti lul development of the country. IH n niobium fiauithl with itrent dltllculllos and ono which It IH of thn hluhrnl Impoitanco to solve on lines of naulty und fat sighted commcin sense UN well an of devotion to ( ho light Thin IH nn era of federal Ion and combination Kxuctly us biulness men find they musi often work Ihroiiuh cmpoiatlomi , ami as It In a constant tendency of thcno coipora HOIIH to grow huite'r , BO It In often IIVI-CM nary for laboring men to work In fedeia- HOIIH , und these have beeomo Impuitant factoiH of modern Industrial life , lloth IdlldH of frdoiatlon , capitalistic and labor can do mm h good , and as u nreessari corollaty tbe > ran both do evil Opponl tlon lo each kind of nritanl/allon nlioiihl take the foim of opposition to wbatevu IH bad In the comluel of any given corpoia lion or union , not of attacks upon cor porations as such nor upon unions IIH iiucb , for Homo of the most fan caching bonrllccnl wink for our people him been iircompllHhcd IhioiiKh both colpoiatlunH und unions Pjieh muni refrain from nr- bllrarj or tyrannous Intel fnrenco with the ilKhts of others Organized capital mid orgiinl/ed labor allko Hhould remem ber that In ( he long run the Interest of each must be brought Into bin niony with the Interest of thu KIIIII nil public , und Iho conduct of each must confotm to the fundamental tulen of obedli lieu to the law , of Individual freedom and of Justice und fair dealing toward all , Caeh Hhould remember that In addition to power It tiitiHt Htrlvo ufler the tcullzullon of healthy , lofty und generous Ideals Uverx employer , overi wagow inker , muni bo guaranteed his liberty and bin Hunt to do IIH bo Illirs with bin properly or Ills labor no long IIH hi ) doeH not InfiliiKO upon ( In rlghlH of olhers , It IH of the blithest Im portance that ( implojer and emplovie nllko Hhould endeavor to appreciate each the viewpoint of the other and the iiuio disaster thai will como upon both In ( be long inn If either grown lo la lie IIH habit unl an attitude of Hour hostility and din trust towaid thn other Few people ) do norvu bolter of ( ho country than HIIIHO rep roHonlatlvos both of capital und labor- nnd theio are many mich who work con tinually to brliiK aboit ( a KO'id ' undeistanil Ing of this kind , based upon wisdom and upon broad and kindly sympathy between employCIH and emplojed Above all , Wn need ( o remember that any kind of clans animosity In the pollllcal world In , If pos nlblo , nvi'ii moro wicked , even more du Htrucllve lo national welfare , I him sec tional , race or religious animosity Wo can not good government only upon condi tion that wo keep trtio to ( ho principled upon which this nation was founded and Judge each man not an u part of a class , but upon hln Individual merits All th t vto have a right to ask of any man , richer or poor , whatever his creed , bin occupa tion , his birthplace or his loHldonco , In that ho Hhull act well und honorably ly hid neighbor and by his country Wo uro neither for Iho ileb man IIH mich nor for thn poor man an Hiicb , wo aio for the up right man , rich or po r Ho far IIH thu oon.Mtltutlonal powers or the national gov ernment totiilt UIUHO mutterii of general und vital moment to the nation , tbev Hhould ho nxi-iclHed In conformity with Iho principles above Set foith It IH earni fitly hoped that a secretary of commerce- may bo treated , with it unit In the cabinet Thu inpld multiplication of questions affecting labor and capital , ( be Krowlh and lomplexltj of ( hi ) organlrp HOIIH through width both labor und capl tul now fin ixpiuHHlon , the steady tend ency to wind the employment of capital In hugo coi potations und thn wonderful Htrldi.H of tills countiy towaid leadership in the International bimlnctui world Justlfj an urgent demand foi thn ( i eat Ion of such a position Substantially all the leading common.lal bodies in tins count ! , have united In requesting HH creation It IH dcNliublu that Homo such moaiiuto IIH that which has already passed the iiennto bo enacted Into law The cication of such u dcpaitimmt would In Itself ho an itd- vance toward dealing with nnd exercising uupervlslon over thu whole subject of the great coiponitlons doing un Intel state business , and with thin end In view the congroHH should endow thn department with lurgu powers , which could bo In- cronsod as experience might show the need. I hope noon to submit to the Honatn a reciprocity treaty with Cuba. On May 10 last the United States kept ltd promise to the Island by formally vacating Cuban neil und turning Cuba over to UIOHO whom her own people had chosen as the llrst officials of thu now republic. Cuba Hew at our doom , and whatever af- foctB her for good or for 111 affects UH also Bo much have onr people felt this that In the Plutt amendment wo definitely took the giound that Cuba must hereafter have closer political relations with UH than with any oilier power Thtm In a Honso Cuba has become u part of our Inlet national political HyHti-m ThlH makes It ne-ccHHary that In return Him should bo given Homo of the be-nelllH of becoming pai t of our < -co nomlc system H Is. fiom our own stand point , u HhortHlghted and mischievous pol icy to full to recognlzu thin need More over , It Is unworthy of a mighty und gen erous nation. llm > If the greatest and most Biiccossful r < public In history , to refuse to Htrctch out a helping hand to n young and weak BlHter republic JtiHt enlerlng upon Its career of Independence Wo should al ways fearlessly InslHt upon our rights In the face of the strong , and wo should with ungrudging hand do our generous duty by the weak I urge the adoption of reef- proclly with Cuba not only becaUHO it IH eminently for our own Interests to control the Cuban market and by v iy means to foster our supremacy In the tropical lands and waters south of us. but also bccuusu wo of the giant republic of the north should make all our sister nations of the American continent feel that whenever they will permit It we rteslro to show our- BolvcH disinterestedly and effectively their friend. A convention with Great Britain has bocn concluded , which will bo at once laid before the senate for ratification , provid ing for reciprocal trade arrangements be tween the United States and Newfound land on substantially the lines of the con vention formerly negotiated by the secre tary of state , Mr lilalno. I believe recip rocal trade relations will be greatly to the advantage of both countries As civilization grows warfare becomes less and less tlfo normal condition of for eign relations The last century ha * seen a marked diminution of wars between - tweon civilized powers. Wars with un civilized powers are largely mere matters of International police duty , essential for the welfare of the world. Wherever pos sible arbitration or some similar method should be employed In lieu of war to scttlu dlfllcultloB between civilized nations , al though as yet the world has not pro gressed Bufllclently to render It possible or necessarily desirable to invoke arbitra tion.In every caso. The formation of the International tribunal which Bits at The Hague la an event of good omen from which great consequences for the welfare sf all mankind may How It Is far better ( vhero possible to Invoke such a perma nent tribunal than to create special arbi trators for a given purpose. It la a matter of sincere congratulation to our country that the United States and Mexico should have been the first to use the good ofllccs of The Hague court. This was done last summer with most satis factory results In the case of a claim nt issue between us and our Bister republic. It Is earnestly to bo hoped thnt thm llrst case will servo as a precedent for others , In which not only the United States but foreign nations may take advantage of the machinery already In existence at The Hague. I commend to the favorable considera tion of the congress the Hawaiian tire claims , which were the subject of careful Investigation during the last session. The congress has wisely provided that we shall build at once an Isthmian canal , If possible nt Panama. The attorney gen eral reports that wo can undoubtedly ac quire good tltlo from the French Panama canal company Negotiations are now pending with Colombia to sccuro her as sent to our building the canal. This canal will be ono of the greatest engineering feats of the twentieth century , a greater engineering feat than has yet been ac complished during the history of mankind The work should bo carried out as a con tinuing policy without regard to change of administration , nnd It should bo begun under circumstances which will make It a matter of pride for all administrations to continue the policy. The canal will bo of great benefit to America and of Importance to all the world. It will be of advantage to us In dustrially nnd also ns Improving our mil itary position It will be of advantage to the countries of tropical America. It la earnestly to bo hoped that all of these countries will do as some of them have already done with signal success nnd will Invite to their shores commerce and 1m- provo their material conditions by recog nizing that stability nnd order nro the prerequisites of successful development. No Independent nation in America need Imvn Hip nll/thtont / fear of MKKrennlon from Iho United ritaloH It bohooven emh onto - ) to maintain older within HH own borders and ( o dlseliaiKo It" Just obligations ( o forelunorn When thlH IH done , they win rent as-tilled that , bu they Mining or weak , limy have ( milling lo dread fiom oiiliililit InlrrferiMirti Mom and moro HIM liirn-a * Ing Interdepenilenco und complexity of Inlernatlonal political unit economic lelu tloiiH tender It Incumbent on alt clvlll/e I ami orderly powers lo Insist on thu pioper policing of thu world. Dining the full of 1901 n communication wnn adtlloH.iod to the secretary of state ) aslcliiK whether pel mission would hi Mranted by tlio president lo u corpoiatlon to lay u cabin fiom a point on ( no Call foi ilia count lo thn I'hlllpplno Inlands by way of Hawaii A iilatement of condl tloiiM or Iciinii upon which inn h coipora ( Ion would unilertako lo lay und operate u cable wan volunteered. Inasmuch an thu connresH wan shortly ti convene and I'aclllo riiblu IcKlslatlon had been the subject of consideration by tint ooiiKri'Bii for Hiiveial yuurH , It Bueined tt > inn wlso to defer Action upon Iho npplli-u ( Ion until Iho conureiiH had Unit an oppor ( unity lo net Tlio connrc'm iidjoiirnetl without taking any action , leaving Iho matter In exnctly the name londlllon In which It Btootl whim the congri-Hii con vonud. Meanwhile It appeal.s that thu dimmer rial I'aclllo Cable company hail prompth proceeded with preparations for laying Ita cable ll also inudo application to thu prcnldent for access ( o anil use of sound IngH taken by thu United Males steamship Nuro for ( ho purpose of tllsrovoilntr a practicable route for u trannpaclllo cable , thn company urging ( but with acec.m t i these imundlngH It could complete Itti cabin much sooner ( bun If II wuro icqulml > n take iioundhiKH upon UH own u ounl Pending consideration of thin subji't t > i appeared Important und denlrahln lo at ( uch certain conditions to thu tii-nnlii-ilon to oxamlno and use Iho miundltiKii If a should bu grunted In connequenco of thin solicitation of the cabin company certain conditions wmu formulated , upon which thn president wan willing lo allow accesii lo these imunil IIIKH and to eminent to thu landing ami lajliiK of thu cabin , subject to any alleiu tlonii or additions thereto Imposed by thn congroHH. Thin wan doomed proper , eiipn dally IIM It wan clour that u cable con nectlon of some kind with China , n for elgn countrj. was a part of thn company's plan Thin t ourso wan , moieovei , In ac conlaneo with a line of picccdcnts , Includ Ing Picslilont Urant'n action In the case of thn llrst Flench cable , explained lo thu roimrcHH In bin annual mcssaio of Du ( umber , INr > , and the Instance occtirrln In 1K7U of the Ht cond French cublu fun , . llrt-Ht to Ht Plerro , with a briini h to Cape Cod Thcno conditions prescribed , among olh er thlngH , a maximum rate for commor dnl mcHHagcH and Unit thu i ompuny iihould construct u linn from thu Philip Pine Inlands ( o China , them lining at pros mil , us IH well known , u British line from Manila to Hongkong The icprcHontullvi-H of ( ho eahlo compa ny kept thi HO condltlnnH long until i con Bldotatlon nllnulng In the meantime lo piepaio foi laying the c-iblii They hiivtt , however , at h nitli acceded to them and un nil Aincili an llnu between onr I'.u lilt count und Urn Clilneno empire by wny of Honolulu anil the Philippine Island ; ! IH UIIIH piovltlotl for und IH expected within a fuw months lo he ready for business Among llu conditions IH ono icHtrvltig Ilia powi i of tbo congn-sH lo modify nr ie pen I any or all of them A ropy of llu conditions IH beieultb transmitted Of Pol to Itlco | l Is only necoHsary lonnj that thu piimperlty of the Island and thn wisdom with which It has IIOMI goeinrl huvo been Hin-h IIH to make ll neivn IIH tiu example of all that IH bent In Insular ad mlnlHtrutlon On July 4 lust , on Iho ono hundred nml twnntv mxth annlvtrsaiy of ( lie dtihiru tlon of our Independence , poiicn and am neiity were promulgated In thu Phlllpplno Islands Hunt ) trouble ban nlnce mini limn lo tlmo threatened with the Mnhum modan MOIOH , but with Iho hue liiMiirrec- tlonury Filipinos the wur ban entirely eeuHod. C'lvll government IIHH now been Introduced. Not only doe-H each Filipino enjoy Buch rlghtH to life , liberty and thn pursuit of happliKHH nn ho him n"vor before fore known during the ic-cordcd history of the Islands , but the people , taken a.u whole , now enjoy u meiiHiiro of Helf gov ernment greater than that granted to any oilier orientals by any foreign power und greater than that enjoyed by any other orientals under Ihelr own Kovornmenln ave the JapnncHo ulono Wo have not gene too far In granting these rlghtH of liberty and self government , but nc have ctitalnly gene lo the limit that In the In terests of thu Phlllpplno people tliemielv a It WIIH wlso or Just to go To huir > mat terH , to go faster than wo are now going , would entail calamity on thu people of the Islands No policy ever < uteri it Into by the American pcopfn has % Indicated ItSelf - Self In moro signal manner than the poll cy of holding the Philippines The trl umph of our urniH , abovu all Iho triumph of our laws anil principles , ban como soon er than wo had uny right to expect Too much pralso cannot bo given to the army for what It IKIH done In the Philippines , both In warfare nnd from an iidmlnlHtra- tlvo standpoint. In preparing the way for rlvll government , and Hlmllnr credit be longs to the civil authorities for Hut wav In which they have planted the seeds of self government In thu ground thus made ready for them. The courage , the nn- Illnchlng endurance , the high soldierly effi ciency und the general kind henrtednesi und humanity of our troops have been strikingly manifested There now remain only Bomo 15,000 troops In the Islands All told , over 10000) have been sent there Of course there have been Individual In- Btunces of wrongdoing among them They warred under fearful difficulties of cll- mate nnd surroundings , and under the strain of the terrible provocations which they continually received from their foca occasional Instances of cruel retaliation occurred , Kvery effort has been made to prevent such cruelties , and finally these efforts have boon completely successful ISvery effort has also been made to de tect and punish the wrongdoers After making all allowance for these mlsdeed.i It remains trtio that few Indeed have been the Instances In which war haa been waged by a civilized power against semi- civilized or barlMirous forces where there has been so little wrongdoing by the vic tors UH In the Phlllpplno Islands On thn other hand , thn amount of dtttlcult. Impor tant and beneficent work which has been done Is well nigh Incalculable. Taking the work of the army and the civil authorities together , it may bo ques tioned whether anywhere else In modern times the world has seen a better example - plo of real constructive statesmanship , than our people have given In the Phlllp plno Islands High praise should also be given these Filipinos In the aggregate very numerous who have accepted the new conditions and joined with our repre sentatives to work with hearty good will for the wolfnro of the Islands. The army has been reduced to the mini mum allowed by law It Is very small for the size of the nation nnd most certainly should bo kept nt the highest point of elll clency. The senior ofllcera nro given scant clmnco under ordinary conditions to ex erclso commands commensurate with their rank under circumstances which would lit them to do their duty In tlmo of actual war A system of maneuvering our army In bodies of some llttlo size has been begun - gun and should bo steadily continued Without such maneuvers It Is folly to ex pect that In the event of hostilities with any serious fee even a small army corps could bo handled to advantage. Uoth our ofllcera and enlisted men are such thnt we can take hearty prldo in them. No better material can bo found. Hut the- must bo thoroughly trained , both as Indi viduals and in the mass. The marksman ship of the men must receive special at tention. In the circumstances of modern warfare the man must act far moro on his own Individual responsibility than ever before , and the high Individual elll- clency of the unit la of the utmost Im portance. Formerly this unit was the regiment. U Is now not tho. regiment , not even the troop or company : It Is the Indi vidual soldier Every effort must be mad to develop every workmanlike and sol dierly quality In both the olllcer and the enlisted man. I urgently call your attention to thi nerd of passing a bill providing for n gen crnl staff and for the reorganization of the supply departments on the lines of tha bill proposed by the secretary of war last year. When the young olllcers enter the army from West Point , they probabl ) stand above their compeers In any other military service. Every effort should bo made by training , by reward of merit , by scrutiny into their careers nnd capacity , to keep them of the same high relative excellence throughout their careers The measure providing for the reorgan ization of the militia system and for se curing the highest etllclency In the nation al guard , whlqh has already passed the house , should receive prompt attention tnd action. It Is of crcat Importance that