NOTES
MMDOWBROOK
The colt needs exercise.
Divide the hog pastures.
Have a sharp steel cutter on the
plow.
i _ _
Rich buttermilk means a poor but
ter yield.
Provide some succulent food for
ewes in winter.
Thorough and constant spraying is
the price of good fruit
After pruning clean up and have
some bonfires right away.
It has never seemed advisable to
sow alfalfa in the fall with rye.
Provide the tomatoes with a sup
port of some kind trellis or stakes.
A little pig loves sunshine and
needs it almost as much as he needs
food.
Better sires , better cows , better care
and more prosperity is the inevitable
result.
The gospel of clean milk is not a
strainer gospel , but a gospel of pre
vention.
Sows are always in better condi
tion to raise fall pigs than they are
in the spring.
Wash all parts of separator at end
of separation and scald , leaving in the
open air to dry.
In keeping cows never be without
clover. It is one of the"foods essen
tial to good dairying.
In preparing either walnuts or but
ternuts for planting , the shucks should
fce left on over winter.
The late hatched chickens' should
have a grass run to themselves and
be given extra feed and care.
A chill brought on by the udder
coming in contact with the. frosty
ground may ruin your best cow.
The individuality of each horse
should be studied , and the feeds sup
plied to meet individual requirements.
Don't let the buck run with the
does when the breeding season Is
over , but confine him in a pen by him
self.
Are there any old apple trees in
your orchard , bearing desirable fruit ?
Easy to graft good varieties upon
them.
I With good fence wire as cheap as
It is today it is an easy matter to di
vide up the hog pasture into conven
ient lots.
All ewe lambs that are not desir
able to raise as breeders should be
given extra feed and sent back to the
block early.
Systematic training Is of value in
handling young colts ; teach them one
thing at a time , have them learn that
one thing thoroughly.
Cold , exposed sleeping quarters that
compel the sows to pile up in order to
keep warm are usually responsible for
the dead pigs at this time.
Fruit trees should be planted In
regular rows in the orchard , or fruit
.garden , so thorough culture can be
given both ways of the orchard.
Give the ewes the best possible
chance to get them in high condition
before breeding time. It means more
and stronger and thriftier lambs.
Maple and ash posts will last about
three or four years ; excepting the
very best quality of yellow ash , and it
is too dear to be used as fence
posts.
Mighty easy to feed new corn to the
hogs , stalks and all , but you will find
that If the corn is first run through
the shredder the animals will eat it
up clean.
Shocked corn accustoms cattle to
the taste of ear corn , but compels
them to eat so much roughage In con
nection that there is very little danger
of over-eating.
When a farmer thinks of buying a
dairy bull to improve his herd , he
should look to the individuality of the
bull , also the backing , not. the "cheap
ness of the price. "
If a pig is grown right and fed right
there is no timj in the life of a pig
when he will make any more pork
than between 8 weeks and 3 months
4n proportion to feed consumed.
Sell the poor cow.
i
Ewes need succulent feed.
The fall colt is nearly clear gain.
Fattening cattle should have plenty
of salt.
Frost-bitten grass has no food value
to speak of.
Both oats and barley are good feeds
for young pigs.
" "
*
See that the coops and henhouse Is
free from lice and mites.
Well cured ensilage corresponds
with the nature of the cow.
The chief characteristics of the road
ster are speed and stamina.
Horses that have a light hay diet
are soldem affected with heaves.
Cleanliness and fresh air will usu
ally prevent epidemics of any kind.
Testing is the only method by which
we can cut out the robbers in the
herd.
The brown leghorn or the houdan
feather quickly and soon reach ma
turity.
The colts and unused horses should
spend most of each pleasant day in the
paddock.
;
Have no hesitation in disposing of
the unprofitable cows. They are a
mistake.
Sheep do not drink much water , but
what little they drink must be abso
lutely clean.
Corn fodder that -Is shredded or
split , and ground fine , makes a very
satisfactory feed.
Have an orchard book and keep a
record of the trees planted and also
the variety of fruit.
Free range for hogs does not mean
that they should be allowed to run
over our neighbor's farm.
i
The late hatching eggs from some of j
the small quick-growing breeds can
be raised at the least cost.
Do not sell all the best. If anyone
is entitled to the best fruit produced
on the farm , it is the family.
i
i
Pumpkins are a valuable succulence ,
for cows , holding much the same place
in the ration as silage and roots.
If you think of setting out an or
chard and have had no experience ,
better hire a good man to show you
how.
The practice of turning the cows ,
on rye and winter barley that is sown
for early spring feed is not a good
practice.
The cream should always be strain
ed Into the churn through a fine wire
sieve or a dipper , with a perforated
tin bottom.
Well-bred heifer calves may often
be purchased cheaply of people who
live in town and keep but one cow
for family use.
Ensilage is not considered good for
sheep , and if it is fed at all it should
be fed very sparingly and at intervals
of two or three days.
Each cow's udder should be thor
oughly cleansed before milking and
the hands of the milker should be
absolutely clean and dry.
Clean sound oats make an excellent
ration for the pigs. If this is fed to
them regularly during the fattening
period the pork will be superior.
Stone fruits , such as peaches , apri
cots , plums and nectarines , should be
planted the latter part of March , be
fore the buds commence to swell.
Farmers who undertake to grow in
any section of the country what nature
does not intend them to grow soon
find it out. and usually by hard experi
ence.
It pays to have the farm fenced hog
tight and cross fenced into small
fields and to have plenty of yards to
keep bogs of different sizes and ages
separated.
If a yearling ram is used watch him
when first admitted to the flock. Some
times they are not breeders. It is well
to look after the old ones too. They
sometimes quit.
The horse population of the world
is estimated at more than 111,000,000 ,
of which about 43,000,000 are in'Eu
rope. 28,000,000 in North America and
11.000.000 in Asia ,
Plow up your old , worn-out orchard
this fall and put some manure , com
post , ashes and bones in the trenches.
You'll be surprised next year at the
quick response of your trees.
I
A daily record should be kept of
each cow in the stable. In a year's
time a dairyman will then know by
practical demonstration what cows are
paying him. and those that are not
Pumpkins will freeze if you don't
watch out , and frozen pumpkins are
of no good to anything. Good. ripe ,
sound pumpkins are enjoyed by the
cows , and help the milk flow very
much.
DRY LAND EXTREMISTS
-Some Unknown Quantity Gov
erns the Returns.
Men Who Spend Much Time in City
Office Not Competent to Write on
Intricate Subject as Those
in Close Contact.
To see thirty or forfcr bushels of
grain on dry land with but fifteen
inches of rainfall , and then drive for
miles through fields that will not give
back the seed with the same tillage ,
and possibly slightly more rainfall ,
ought to convince our dry farming en
thusiasts that the natural moisture
of the soil or subsoil , or the moisture-
holding capacity of the soil , or some
other quality seldom evident at first ,
largely governs the returns from dry
farming.
We have recently come across even
more extreme differences than the
ones noted. We have seen good to
abundant crops on seemingly as dry
land as could be found with but little
attention given to dry farming meth
ods ; while not far from it almost to
tal failure where every mechanical de
tail of dry farming had been carefully
carried out , says the Dakota Farmer.
These things convince us more than
ever that men who spend most of
their time in a city office or who
visit but one or two strips of country
are not so competent to write upon
this intricate subject as are some of
those whose every working hour
brings them in close contact with the
soil and possibly with the mortgage.
All too many jump at conclusions
which every-day facts will not justify ,
and make assertions altogether too
general , and that are not only mfs-
leading , but that we know are not
true.
true.We
We are glad to note that there is a
more frank admitting , by very many
of these teachers ana experimenters ,
that it takes a certain amount of
moisture in all soils to grow a crop ,
and that moisture has to come from
the heavens , from the subsoil or be
conserved by accumulation , and that
moisture cannot be created where it
does not exist.
They must admit , too , that there are
soils and much of them , that will
never make anything but very uncer
tain returns where there are but fif
teen inches of rainfall. It is easy to
make glowing assertions , that are true
enough with many soils and subsoils ,
but to get onto a dry , hard-baked
prairie , with an almost impervious
subsoil unless it does hold that pecu
liar quality which responds so quickly
to culture and make it produce at all
worth while , is quite another thing.
There is much dry soil which will
never do it , unless with an expendi
ture of time , tillage , horse flesh and
patience not one man in a hundred
possesses , and then in many , many in
stances it will not.
We know it is much easier , and
very much more popular , to join with
the extremists in this thing , point to
the almost individual
everywhere-to-be-found
dividual successes and shut our eyes
to the discouraged , misled and possi
bly ruined , and assert that this , that
and the other system will wring enor
mous and certain yields from any and
all dry or desert lands ; but we know
there is another and larger side to it
all , and our sympathies go out to the
man who must experiment long and
patiently at his own expense before
he knows whether his land will respond
spend to dry farming methods or not ;
whether yields sufficient will come to
him on his own particular piece of
dry land to pay for every other year
tillage , and the extra labor and ex
pense he must go to before he can
hope to equal ordinary farm land re
turns.
In the great Golden Valley , stretch
ing north and south of Beach and Wi-
baux on the North Dakota and Mon
tana line , we are told that the yields
compare favorably with those of the
Red River Valley. This we know to
be true , at least for some seasons , for
we have rode over both valleys from
end to end more than once ; but dry
farming is not practiced by one farm
er in a hundred in Golden Valley.
"But Judith Basin , " we are asked ,
"doesn't that yield ? " True , but one
can ride for miles there without find
ing a man who even knows what dry
farming iseans , much less practices it
Those sections have a soil peculiar
to themselves , and when combined
with slightly greater , and usually
more seasonable rainfall than the
country on either side of them , have
brought forth excellent crops with the
most inexcusably haphazard farming
we ever saw. It is distinctly dishon
est to point to these sections , or oth
ers like them , as proofs of what dry
farming will do.
We take second place with no man
for the high regard in which we hold
dry farming and most dry farming
teachers ; but do say that the sweep
ing assertions made by many , who
from actual and wide experience and
observation , are not competent to
write or speak on the subject at all ,
Is dangerously and wrongfully mis
leading , and is doing as much to hin
der the cause'of dry farming as all
the blundering of the beginners.
Fresh Eggs.
An egg to belong to the strictly
fresh egg class should not be over
three days old , in summer weather ,
and a week old during winter. But
in either case they must be kept In
a cool temperature. Heat very quick
ly stale eggs. Crates of eggs allowed
to remain in the hot sun for several
lours will quickly change the air con-
litions.
DRY FARMING IN THE EAST
Method Is Called for Where There l
Lack of Subsoil Moisture , Coupled
With Dry Weather.
The lack of subsoil moisture , coupled
with excessive heat and dry weather ,
calls for dry farming methods. For
several seasons I have been practicing
a modified form of dry farming with
good results. My plan is to plow for
all crops as early as possible , while
the ground contains the moisture from
spring rains. Harrow each day's plow
ing. Waiting until one has finished
before harrowing is allowing as much
moisture to escape from the furrows
each day as would fall in a good day's
rain. Harrow immediately after each
rain till the crop is in. While the
crop is under ground choose your own
weapons either harrow , weeder or
cultivator ; but don't fail to stir the top
soil if it rains , writes N. Glennon in
the Country Gentleman. When the
crop starts sttr the topsoil to the depth
of an inch after each rain , and do it
quickly if you have to use every
horse and man. Start at 4 a. m. , and
keep it up till the crop covers the
ground. Keep the ground level. A
ditch between the rows dug by deep
cultivation and handhoeing of the
loose earth round the crop , would per
haps be all right if one had a river
to turn into the ditches ; but without
the river or a dash of rain one must
hold the moisture in the soil by keep
ing the ground level and leaving one
inch of unbaked , loose , dry earth on
top. Last season my potatoes yielded
at the rate of 400 bushels to the acre
o _ dry soil , though other crops here
abouts on the same character of soil ,
after being ditched below the level of
the roots and laboriously "hilled up , "
yielded less than 100 bushels to the
acre. Of course , to raise potatoes by
this method they must be planted deep
and the furrows gradually filled , as one
'
cultivates after each rain. My soil is
a gravelly loam ; but after four weeks '
of dry weather there is under the top .
inch of dry soil sufficient moisture. 1
Some may object that level culture
for tobacco will not do , as the wind
will blow it over. Exactly the reverse - '
verse is the case , as I have had ample
proof by trying level culture and hilledJ J
up rows side by side. The level rows
stood up ; the hilled tobacco , with' '
brace roots either cut off by deep cultivation -
(
tivation or kept back by not being able
to grow out of the hill into the open
'
gutter , blew down badly. As well attempt -
tempt to keep a tree standing by dig
ging down until all its roots were cut
off and expect the loose earth thrown
round the trunk to hold it up. In loose '
soil and damp soil will be loose ,
though no amount of deep cultivation j
will loosen baked out soil I have
(
washed out tobacco roots three feet in ,
length , and in no place more than
four inches below the surface. Leave
them uncut and they will hold the tobacco - j
bacco up. I have followed corn roots
for over four feet.
Garden Suggestions.
Cut away the stalks of all the plants '
that have completed their flowering , 1
1'ke the Iris. This for two reasons j
to prevent the formation of seed and J
to remove unsightly features. Large
clumps of Iris foliage alone are very
pleasing , but the same clumps with
I
old flower stalks showing among them
are not at a * ! attractive. I i
To make chrysanthemums bushy'
and compact pinch the branches back
from time to time. If this is not donje
you will be pretty sure to have strag
gling , awkward shaped plants for ,
which there is no salvation by late J
pruning. The proper time to train a
plant ia while it is developing.
Raising Cattle.
When a farmer raises cattle and j
feeds them alongside of a neighbor
under the same 'general conditions
and gets from * one to two cents more
for his product it is pretty safe to
say that the other fellow does not ]
l.now how to feed right.
POULTRY NOTES.
Indian Runner ducks begin to lay
when they are about six months old.
It is the abuse , and not the use of
corn that condemns it as a poultry
food.
food.Don't
Don't waste much time on sick
fowls. Separate them from the others
immediately.
Feeding the hen turkey makes a
wonderful difference in the number of
'
eggs she lays.
Some poultry men have found that
magnesia relieves the sour condition
of the birds' stomachs.
New York state raised 10,678.830
fowls in 1910. This crop of poultry
was valued at $7,879,000.
It is advisable to select a large part
of the printer's flock from the pullets
hatched in April or earlier.
The clean , dry and well ventilated
houses which get plenty of sunlight
seldom are badly infested with mites.
Correct feeding is the first step
toward profitable poultry keeping.
There is no set rule to follow except
to study your fowls.
Plan to raise a flock of general pur
pose fowls next season. They will
yield much more satisfaction and
profit than a mixed flock.
. . Only a few more weeks and all the
feed the fowls get must be provided
for them. They will need grain food ,
green food and animal food.
You canot afford to keep the old
hens and cockerels , but be careful
about selecting the ones you keep.
Your flock ought to continue to grpw
better each year.
The south is fast coming into the
ranks of poultry raising territory.
Last year there were 221,482 farms in
the state of Alabama upon which
some kind of poultry was raised.
Your grocer is authorized to give youa free
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Another
Land Opening
Starting Monday , November 20,1911 , 250,000 acres will be opened to
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This land , reserved for irrigation , has been opened because "dry farming"
methods have made irrigation unnecessary. 45 to 50 bushels of winter
wheat , 25 bushels of spring wheat , 60 bushels of oats , 20 bushels of rye and
15 bushels of flax are the average yields per acre.
250,000 Free Acres Near Cut Bank , Montana
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