PREPARE FOR DROUTH
Farmer Must Pay Particular At
tention to Soil and Crop.
Perhaps Most Important Considera
tion In Connection With Moisture
Conservation Is Plowing
.Use Disk and Harrow.
( By H. F. PATTERSON , Montana Ex
periment Station. )
It is not possible for anyone to
.foretell the season and it is not the
purpose of this article to try to pre
dict the amount of rainfall during the
coming spring and summer months.
The season of 1910 was very dry in
nearly all parts of the United States ;
previous to 1910 we had a number of
very wet years. A good many au
thorities are of the opinion that the
wet and the dry seasons alternate.
It is not the purpose of this article
to leave this "impression , for the
writer has not access to the precipi
tation tables over a long enough pe
riod. He does not know whether the
coming season will be dry or wet ,
but , in the event that it is dry , it is
well to be prepared for it. Then , if
it should turn off wet , the extra labor
would still bring one in good returns.
To protect himself against a dry
season the farmer must pay particu
lar attention to the method of hand
ling the soil and to the crops that
are planted. It has been stated that
the equivalent of about seven inches
of rainfall can be stored in the soil
by proper methods of cultivation. If
this amount of water is saved and if
then there is any rainfall during the
growing season , one is quite sure to
have good yields. If , however , the
soil is not properly prepared and
moisture has not been saved , and if
then It turns off dry , there is noth
ing to do but to fail.
Perhaps the most Important con
sideration In connection with mois
ture preservation is the plowing. The
land should be plowed as early in
the spring as possible. It should be
V plowed to a good depth and the plow
should be followed immediately with
the disk and the harrow. The disk
-will pack down the land , fill up the
air spaces , aid in decaying the or
ganic matter , and the harrow will
place a dust mulch over the surface.
This dust mulch will act as a cover
and prevent the evaporation of mois
ture.
ture.Whether
Whether or not It will pay to seed
a crop upon this newly plowed land
is difficult to say. In some instances
a quick-growing crop would give a
yield and in many Instances it would
not. In order to be on the safe side
it is suggested that the land should
Tie summer fallowed the first season
and seeded the next fall or the next
spring. By summer fallowing-
meant that the land should be culti
vated or harrowed after each rain
throughout the summer. A good way
to tell whether the land needs to be
harrowed or not is to study the phys
ical condition of the surface soil. If
a crust has been formed do not delay
the harrowing. If a large number of
weeds have germinated and are grow
ing , the quicker the land is harrowed
the better. The object of this sum
mer fallowing is to prevent the
evaporation of moisture.
The second consideration that
means success or failure in a dry re-
giea is the crop that is grown. Crops
that are especially well adapted to
the dry land areas should be used.
The quick-growing varieties seem to
give the best results. There are both
winter and spring varieties of quick
ly maturing grains. The Turkey Red
wheat seems to be very desirable for
fall seeding. The seed should be
sown quite early in the fall. This
will give opportunity for a good root
development. Then again , the fall
sowing permits the grain to start
T ry early the next spring. Because
of these characteristics Turkey Red
wheat will mature before the dry
weather of July and August. If one
is to sow a spring grown crop he
should also secure a variety that will
mature in as short a time as possible
and one that has a hardy root
growth. These characteristics will
tide the plant over a dry spell ana
no doubt will mature a crop.
Too much emphasis cannot be
placed upon the method of handling
the land and in choosing the varie
ties of grain that are used.
Humus in Orchard Soil.
The humus loosens the soil particles
which in turn increases its water ca
pacity. The humus is essential for
the growth of the beneficial bacteria
in the soil. One of the most important
parts that a cover crop plays is its
ability to change chemically the com
pounds of the soil and put them in an
available form for the trees. The
clover crop gathers , digests and turns
over to the trees the plant food which
it has stored.
Nitrate of Soda for Vegetables.
Lay in a supply of nitrate of soda
for use on the early vegetables to
stimulate them. Its use is indicated
for beans , pease , radishes , onions and
lettuce. Give it in solution , one
ounce to two gallons of water , applied
half a pint to a plant if large or a
foot of row , if small , applied in a drill
. made along the rows , and covered
wifh dry soil for a mulch.
Cultivating the Soil.
Keep the surface of the soil as loose
and fine as possible and the soil will
not lose moisture by evaporation. A
good hoeing is often beneficial as
* . good rain in dry weather.
GROW ALFALFA ON DRY LAND
Excellent Plan to Select Strain That
Grows Coarse , Strong Stalk Drill
Seed Carefully.
In adapting alfalfa to dry fanning
a very good plan is to select a strain
that grows a coarse , strong stalk , use
the same strain of seed year after year
and thus adapt the plant to local con
ditions. We would prefer to pay a
dollar a pound for seed grown several
years under such conditions than to
use seed at market prices that has not
been acclimated. The alfalfa seed
from Turkestan which the agricultu
ral department foisted on us several
years ago is not suited to high table
lands and does better in fields under
irrigation which is just contrary to the
dope that was handed out to us by
the alleged scientists , says the Den
ver Field and Farm. We should say
that a sufficient quantity to sow on
dry land is to drill in eight pounds of
seed the acre , using any of the up-
to-date styles of corn planters that
carry an onion seed plate with holes
thirteen sixty-fourths of an inch in di
ameter. Drill the seed carefully to the
depth of an inch. The soil should be
in perfect condition to assure germi
nation of a full and even stand. Hav
ing drilled the seed with a two-row
corn planter , the drills are just right
to be cultivated with a common two-
row riding plow. , The shovels should
be run to a depth of three inches and
thus compel the alfalfa roots to keep
below the three-inch soil mulch. It
will probably be necessary to cultivate
five times during the season and also
to break the soil crust after each rain
so as to lessen the loss of moisture.
Early in the season until the growth
is six inches in height harrow across
the rows with a slant-tooth drag.
GOOD OATS FOR DRY FARMING
Best Plan to Sow Two Varieties ,
Kherson for Early Crop and Swed
ish Select for Late.
( By J. E. PAYNE , Colorado Agricultural
College. )
Of the many varieties of oats
which we have tested on irrigated
land , the Kherson and Sixty-day have
generally made the best yields of
grain. This has been because these
varieties are early-maturing. Usual
ly , the earliest variety of oats will
give the best results on unirrigated
land ; but some years the drought
comes just as the early varieties are
heading or filling. They are then cut
short. It often happens that rain
comes just a few days too late to
make the early oats fill well. In such
a time , a variety which ripens ten
days or two weeks later will be head
ing just at the right time to be bene
fited by the rain which was too late
for the early variety. In this case ,
the later variety will make a good
crop when the early one will fail.
With these facts before us , we can
see that it is a good plan to sow two
varieties of oats : Kherson for early ,
and Swedish Select , or Colorado No.
37 , for the late variety ; then , if
drought strikes either variety , it may
give a small yield of hay. The later
varieties of oats will usually make
more straw than the early ones , so
they may be planted for hay. Land
which has been in corn the year be
fore , and has been given clean culti
vation , will usually furnish a good
seedbed for oats by double-disking
the corn stubble.
Increase Laying Capacity.
Every intelligent poultry raiser can
develop a strain of chickens with in
creased laying capacity by observing
his flock , especially the young stock
during the fall , selecting the pullet's
commencing , or preparing to lay , and
thus prepare for next season's breed'
ing a pen of birds that have functions
of egg production strongly developed.
FARM NOTES.
If you have never grown head let
tuce try it for the first time this sea
son.
Onions , cabbage , and tomatoes are
good crops for the owner of an acre
tract.
Next to the mowing machine in im
portance in alfalfa harvest is the side
delivery rake.
Once a week all manure should be
cleaned away from th $ > barns and all
refuse disposed of.
When watering plants do not force
water against the plant ; let it fall in
the form of a shower.
Care for the young animals so their
growth will not be stunted. Keep
them growing all the time.
If you have some fine tomato vines
on which the fruit is being sun-scald
ed fix them up a little shade.
After the hay is off the meadow we
can see its thin spaces better. Get
busy with the manure spreader.
The succulent grasses are rich in
muscle and bone forming materials ,
and are loosening and cooling to the
system.
Keep up your dust mulch. The late
vegetables will suffer severely for
moisture during the dry , hot weather
if you neglect this.
During the hot weather the garden
should receive very frequent cultiva
tion to keep down the weeds and con
serve the moisture.
Every gardener should now "make
hay while the sun shines. " It is very
essential that we cultivate our plants
while they are young.
As soon as the crop appears above
ground it needs cultivation , both to
kill the weeds and to admit the air
to the roots of the plants.
Cucumbers for pickles should be
picked every alternate day at least.
Cut them , but never pull them 'off , as
the vines are liable to be injured.
OBJECT LESSON HERE
METHODS OF TRUST MADE EX
CEEDINGLY PLAIN.
low Prohibitory Tariff , Falsely
Called "Protective , " Works Under
Business Methods That Are
at Present in Vogue.
What should easily be shown as an
"unreasonable" restraint of trade
exists in the case of the International
Paper company if the detailed state
ment made by Mr. Norris in behalf of
the American Newspaper Publishers'
association be true. He told the sen
ate committee on finance where Sen
ator Root's friends are trying with
his help to defeat Canadian reciprocity
by defeating the wood pulp and paper
clause the old familiar story of
trusts and combines. Bankrupt and
antiquated paper mills have been
brought up and "taken in , " while by
agreement a reasonable purchaser of
print paper.Is deprived of an opportu
nity to buy paper at fair market
prices. Production Is restricted to 35
per cent , of modern equipment , while
dividends are paid on the' combined
capital of $40,000,000. Prices are
marked up , secretly and purchase at
the mills is refused , the reason of the
latter being that the paper makers
do not want a public quotation of
prices. Dovetailing with these tried
and true trust methods is the practice
of shutting down work at mills in this
country , leaving much labor idle ,
while Canadian mills are allowed to
sell here to their advantage and to
that of Canadian labor.
There are other features , such as a
gigantic woodland speculation by this
International Paper company , which
is now , in the words of Mr. Norris ,
"asking congress to put a premium
on the antiquity of plants in mills
that were verging on bankruptcy thir
teen years ago. " The whole situation ,
in brief , is that of a close combine
controlling the American market ,
making prices In secret , shutting out
American labor in idleness , restrict
ing the use of paper and paying divi
dends on an enormous capitalization ,
while the capacity represented in doIng -
Ing this amounts to only 35 per cent ,
of modern equipment. To "cinch"
this situation the combine is having
the help of American senators to
break the proposed reciprocity agree
ment.
There Is nothing new In all this. It
Is the old , old story of the workings
of a prohibitory tariff called "pro
tective. " It is retold because of the
efforts now of the American people
to give themselves a bit of freedom
to buy at normal prices. This effort
of monopoly may not fall here and
now , but it is on the road to failure.
The people are beginning to get their
eyes opened. Reform real reform
like revolutions does not go back
ward. The longer that monopoly puts
off the day of settlement the more It
will have to pay when the day does
come. Indianapolis News.
Reasonable.
In the past few years , especially , the
people have become very familiar with
the doctrine of "reasonableness" in
court decisions.
The power of regulation of corpora
tions , for example , is upheld by the
courts ; but , with or without express
provision in the regulatory statutes ,
the courts have uniformly ruled of late
years that control of rates or of ser
vice must permit a reasonable profit.
They have even declared what are
reasonable profits in specific cases
as the six per cent rule in the consoli
dated gas case.
With this in mind , It would seem
that the recognition of "the rule of
reason" in construing the Sherman
anti-trust act Is hardly as unprecedent
ed and revolutionary as some states
men appear to regard it. The whole
subject of the relation of courts to
statutes , to the constitution , to the po
lice power of the people , etc. , may pre
sent a problem of readjustment. But
there seems , at any rate , to have been
a quite consistent development or ex
ercise of judicial power along these
Unes.
Name the Man !
Seven years a go a president of the
United States invited to the White
House a New York railway magnate
and speculator and discussed with
him the raising of a great campaign
fund for use In this state at the elec
tion then approaching , which was
done. The same president made his
commissioner of corporations chairman
of the national party committee , and
after the election , in which he was
successful , named him as a member
of his cabinet. In that campaign this
office-holder-on-leave secured contri
butions among others , from the Stand
ard Oil company , which had been un
der prosecution in several states.
We do not believe that one of these
things could be done today without in
stant public condemnation. New
York World.
The World should name the presi
dent capable of such grossness.
For Consideration.
Considering that the steel interests
have usually fixed the tariff duties to
suit themselves , why should Judge
Gary not be satisfied as it Is instead
of suggesting that the government
also fix prices for Its products. Sup
pose a government were , under the
Gary system , to guarantee the steel
trust lower prices than it favored ,
would the steel trust punish the gov
ernment ?
ABUSE OF CORPORATE POWER
Exportation of Quinine a Case From
Which Profitable Lesson May
Be Learned.
One of the items of ship news pub
llshed In Philadelphia papers Is to
the effect that a ton of quinine. In
capsules , has just been shipped to
Brazil.
A few years ago our tariff rate on
Peruvian bark , from which quinine
is made , was so high that sick folks
were forced to pay $5 an ounce for
quinine. There was no possible
"protection" reason for any such
duty , as the bark was not produced
could not be produced in this coun
try.
Finally the duty was removed and
the price of quinine fell to 70 cents ai
ounce.
Now , as shown by the Philadelphia
news item , we are able to manufac
ture the quinine , put it up In capsules
and export It by the ton right back
to the section from which the bark
comes.
Manipulation of steel common by in
siders has been the scandal of Wall
street. Credulous Investors have been
robbed of millions by jackscrewlng
the stock up and down to suit the
purposes of the steel gamblers.
If congress wishes to do the coun
try a tangible service. It will put an
end to this reprehensible abuse of
corporate power.
That Steel Trust Scandal.
One object in connection with the
coming Investigation of the steel trust
Is to secure and give to the public
the facts concerning the absorption of
the Tennessee Coal and Iron company
by the great corporation.
Permission for this merger was one
of the scandals of the time and of the
Roosevelt administration.
No serious question was raised of
the lack of power , under the Sherman
law , to prevent absorption.
One day , however , Mr. Morgan paid
a visit to the White House.
After that , the steel trust absorbed
the Tennessee company , with no least
show of opposition on the part of the
administration.
Mr. Roosevelt's admirers always
have asserted that he Is the soul of
honor that no successful attack could
*
be made upon his honesty.
If the proopsed investigation shall
result in making known to the people
the facts and Influences behind what
was and Is regarded as a gross per
version of law and justice , the coun
try will have occasion to render ver
diet on such assertion :
"Destructive Competition. "
To the Stanley committee Messrs.
Roberts and Gayley talked about the
necessity of stopping "destructive
competition" as if the steel interests
were exposed to some different sort
of. competition from other forms of
business. This Is a mistake. The
competition which Messrs. Gayley and
Roberts talk about as though it were
a conflagration or an earthquake , or
some other portentous calamity , Is
just the plain , ordinary competition
that all merchants and much the
greater part of the manufa-turers are
exposed to , and to maintain which
was the sole purpose of the Sherman
law. The steel manufacturers are as
well able to stand it as the dealers
in groceries , but , being fewer in num
ber , it Is possible for them to agree
on prices , or consolidate their inter
ests , and suppress the competition
which the merchants and most of the
manufacturers must face through the
whole of their business careers.
How It Looks in Washington.
The report from Washington that as
the weather grows warmer the states
men are talking of an early adjourn
ment Indicates that no tariff legisla
tion , outside of the Canadian reciproc
ity treaty , is to be hoped for at this
session. The congressmen should no't
be deceived , however , with the idea
that their splutter to get away from
Washington on account of the weather
will fool the country as to the real
motive that prompts the talk of ad
journment.
Botn parties are on trial in the ex
tra session. Great opportunity Is
offered for giving the people relief
from a tariff burden Imposed for the
benefit of the special Interests , and
an adjournment without accomplish
ing definite and specific results in the
way of tariff revision will indicate
that neither party Is ready to face the
responsibility of incurring the enmity
of the protected Interests with a na
tlonal campaign just ahead of them.
Inconsistent.
The government's prosecution of the
lumber trust is based on the theory
that the alleged "combination in re
straint of trade" has made prices un
duly high. It is , therefore , by the
government's contention , an "unrea
sonable restraint" within the rule
just declared by Chief Justice White.
The motive of the prosecution is ad
mirable. But the government's right
eous zeal to prevent the trust from
holding up prices is strangely incon
sistent with the same government's
giving the same trust Its one greaf
weapon of extortion the tariff 01
lumber.
Beef Trust and the Courts.
The beef trust insists that the only
way for it to find out whether its re
straint of trade is likely to be consid <
ered reasonable or unreasonable by
the court is to go ahead , restraining
until the court decides on its particu
lar case. And if fertility in obstructive
resource can prevent the court from
ever reaching a decision , why all the
better.
ft
PUTTING IT RATHER NEATLY
Piece of Humor That Lifted Diffident
Professor to the Highest
Summits of Joy.
It Is told that after Professor Ay-
toun had made proposals of marriage
to Miss Emily Jane Wilson , daughter
of Christopher North , he was , as a
matter of course , referred to her fa
ther. As the professor "was uncom
monly diffident , he said to her :
"Emily , my dear , you must speak to
him for me. I could not summon
courage to speak to the professor on
this subject. "
"Papa is in the library , " said the
lady.
"Then you had better go to him , "
said the professor , "and I will wait
here. "
There being apparently no help for
it , the lady proceeded to the library.
"Papa's answer is pinned to the
back of my dress , " said Miss Wilson ,
as she re-entered the room. '
Turning around , the delighted suitor
read these words :
"With the author's compliments. "
Success.
UNDERTAKING FOR MISSIONARY.
"There are a good many thankless
jobs. "
"Such as trying to make vegetarians
of the cannibals. "
BABY'S HAIR ALL CAME OUT
"When my first baby was six
months old he broke out on his head
with little bumps. They would dry
up and leave a scale. Then it would
break out again and it. spread all over
his head. All the hair came out and
his head was scaly all over. Then his
face broke out all over in red bumps
and It kept spreading until it was on
his hands and arms. I bought several
boxes of ointment , gave him blood
medicine , and had two doctors to treat
him , but he got worse all the time. He
had it about six months when a friend
told me about Cuticura. I sent and
got a bottle of Cuticura Resolvent , a
cake of Cuticura Soap and a box of
Cuticura Ointment. In three days
after using them he began to improve.
He began to take long naps and to
stop scratching his head. After taking
two bottles of Resolvent , two boxes of
Ointment and three cakes of Soap he
was sound and well , and never had
any breaking out of any kind. His
hair came out in little curls all over
his head. I don't think anything else
would have cured him except Cuticura.
"I have bought Cuticura Ointment
and Soap several times since to use
for cuts and sores and have never
known them to fail to cure what I put
them on. I think Cuticura Is a great
remedy and would advise any one to
use it. Cuticura Soap is the best that
I have ever used for toilet purposes. "
( Signed ) Mrs. F. E. Harmon , R. F. D.
2 , Atoka , Tenn. , Sept. 10 , 1910.
With Emphasis.
Mistress ( hastily sticking a finger
into either ear ) Kittie , for heaven's
sake ! what does that frightful noise
and profanity in the kitchen mean ?
Kittie Oh , that's nothin' , ma'am !
It's on'y cook rejectin' a propos'l av
marrij from the ashman ! Harper's
Bazar.
SPOHN'S DISTEMPER CURE will
cure any possible case of DISTEMPER ,
PINK EYE , and the like among horses
of all ages , and prevents all others in the
same stable from having the disease. Also
cures chicken cholera , and dog distemper.
Any good druggist can supply you , or send
to mfrs. 50 cents and $1.00 a bottle. Agents
wanted. Free book. Spohn Medical Co. ,
Spec. Contagious Diseases. Gcshen , Ind. ,
Bribery.
Mrs. M. Who did you vote for ?
Mrs. N. I don't remember his
name. He gave me his seat in the
street car last week.
If you make a fool of yourself don't
take it too much to heart. The world
is full of people who are kicking
themselves.
If you want to be up with the lark
In the morning , beware o the swal
lows at night.
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ M
lira. Wlnaiow's Boothln- syrup for Children
teething , soften * the framn , reduces Inflamma
tion , allays pain , cure * wind colic , 25c & bottls.
"Familiarity breeds contempt" !
one of the rules that work both ways.
Chow and smoke un taxed tobacco , cheap and
nndoped. Ucriirether Jt Edwards , Ularkrrillc.Tenn.
If a girl is in love with a young man
she can't see any one else in a crowd.
OWES
HER
HEALTH
To Lydia E. Pinkham's
Vegetable Compound
Scottville , Mich. "I want to tefl
you how much good LydiaE.Pinkham's
Vegetable Com
pound and Sanativa
> Vash have done me. .
I live on a farm and
have worked very
hard. I am forty-
five years old , and
am the mother of
thirteen children-
Many people think
it strange that I am
not broken down
with hard work ancl
the care of my fam
ily , tut I tell them of my good friend ,
your Vegetable Compound , and that
there will be no backache and bearing
down pains for them if they will taka
it as I have. I am scarcely ever with *
out it in the house.
"I will say also that I think there ia
no better medicine to be found foe
young girls to build them up and maka
them strong and well. My eldest *
Saughter has taken Lydia E. Pink-
ham's Vegetable Compound for pain *
ful periods and irregularity , and it has
always helped her.
"I am always ready and willing tci
speak a good word for the Lydia B :
Hnkham's Remedies. I tell every ona
I meet that I owe my health and hap *
piness to these wonderful medicines. ' * .
Mrs. J. G. JOHNSON , Scottville , Mich J
E.P.D. 8. J
Lydia E.Pinkham's Vegetable Com
pound , made from native roots and }
herbs , contains no narcotics or harm
ful drugs , and to-day holds the record
for the largest number of actual cure *
of female diseases.
Make the Liver
Do its Duty
Nine times in ten when the liver id
right the stomach and bowels are right
CARTER'S LITTLE
LIVER PILLS
gently butfirmly com ;
pel a lazy liver CARTERS
do its duty.
Cures Constipation - , ITTLE
stipation , Indigestion - IYER
digestion , PILLS.
Sick
Headache , '
and Distress After Eating.
SMALL PILL , SMALL DOSE , SMALL PRICE ,
Genuine must bear Signature
Established 30 Years
FLORISTS
Floral emblems and cut flowers for all
occasions. SIOUX CITY , IOWA
DAISY FLY KILLERflln.
flln. Neat , clean ,
ornamental , conrcn.
ien , cheap. LaiUall
staioo. Can'tspiilot
tip oirer , will not soil
or Injure anything.
Guaranteed eticct-
* . Of all dealers ot
sent prepaid for 20c.
HAROLD BOHEE3
ISO Do Ealb ATS.
Brooklyn , 5. Y.
of this paper desiring -
siring to buy
anything adver
tised in its columns should insist upon
having what they ask for , refusing all
substitutes or imitations.
Allen's UlcerineSalvecuresChroniclHcers-Bone
UlcersScrofulou8tIlcer8.VarlcoH Ulcersln-
dolent UlcersMercnrlal Ulcers.AVhite SweJl-
Iner.Milk LejrFeverSore8all id ore . F uiirljno
failure. Bjrmail&Oe. J .P.ALLEI , Dcpt.A7St.Paul31ina.
0" Booklets "Why They More to Kortt
" " *
DollarsT
Dakota"and"DirtThatGr
< ms
They'll Interest farmers , they're free. Write .Nonrif.
EKX IXZIGOATIOX ASSOCIATION , FAUCI ) , SOUTH DAKOTA
W. N. U. SIOUX CITY , NO. 27-1911.
'Discouraged
The expression occurs so many times in letters from
sick women , "I was completely discouraged. " And there
is always good reason for the discouragement. Years of
pain and suffering. Doctor after doctor tried in vain.
Medicines doing no lasting good. It is no wonder that
the woman feels discouraged.
Thousands of these weak and sick women have found
health and courage regained as the result of the use of
Dr. Pierce's Favorite Prescription ,
It establishes regularity , heals inflammation and ulcera *
tion , and cures weakness.
IT MRKES WE3K WOMEN STROXG
3KD SIGK WOMEN WELL.
Refuse substitutes offered by unscrupulous druggists
for this reliable remedy.
Sick women are invited to consult by letter , free. All correspondence
strictly private and sacredly confidential. Write without fear and without
fee to World's Dispensary , R. V. Pierce , M. D. , Pres't , Buffalo , N. Y.
Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets regulate and invigorate stomach , liver and
bowels Sugar-coated , tiny granules , easy to take as candy.
