\r- \
TO
SENATE FAVORS REMOVAL OF
THE UNIVERSITY.
BULLA BILL IS MOST DRASTIC
jn All of Them Fights Would Be
Keener Were Bills Enacted lnt
Law Present Provisions
in That Line Rigid.
'By a vote of 14 to 19 the senate de
feated a motion to retain the location
the University of Nebraska on the
qampus in Lincoln and to levy a one-
jialf mill tax for the extension and im
provement of the city campus and the
$ tate farm campus. Then , by a vote
pf 20 to 13 the senate adopted a report
pf a joint committee recommending
Removal of the university to the state
arm campus and to levy a one mill ad
ditional tax for eight years to defray
expenses of removal.
Candy's Bill Considered.
Oandy's bill regulating the prac
tice of medicine in the state was rec
ommended for passage by the commit
tee. The measure provides that "any
person of good moral character over
twenty-one years of age , having com
pleted a two years course of study in
regularly incorporated and recognized
schools of suggestive therapeutics ,
chipropractic , mental or magnetic
healing or who has been engaged in
said practice for a period of two years
shall be competent to receive certifi
cates from the state board of these
sciences , same to be appointed by the
governor from the ranks of practition-
trs of said kinds of healing. "
WES. PICKINS
Powell , Nebraska
Senator Twenty-third District.
With county seat relocation fights
fit various stages of progress in sev
eral counties , fonr bills have been in
troduced in the house of representa
tives looking to the settling of these
affairs under different laws than those
existing at the present time.
Nine counties have prospective re
moval fights on , each of them varying
from the others only in the degree of
Intensity and activity with which the
present county seats a're being as-
Bailed.
The warmest fight is probably in
Franklin county , where the city of
Franklin is seeking to take the hon
ors bodily from Bloomington. The
matter was voted upon at the last
election in a test vote proposition on
the advisability of building a new
court house. Litle was gained there
from , however , and the matter is in
practically the same condition as be
fore election , the bond proposition be
ing decisively defeated at that time.
Governor's Maintenance.
If The house started to play a little
* K politics when the general maintenance
bill was up for consideration and the
' * item for the board of governor's ser
vants and immediate family was being
discussed. Ten democrats voted with
the republicans to retain the 'fein in
the 'bill , although this is the first time
such an item has ever appeared in a
general maintenance bill.
Plenty of Work Left.
Just what will be done about a sift
ing committee in the house is a matter
of conjecture. Most of the members
who have been heard to express them
selves about it believe it is still too
early to begin operation under the con
trol of this committee. In fact , a sift
ing committee will not be appointed
until it is absolutely necessary , or un
til a majority of members give up
hopes of reaching their bills in the
general order of business.
Protects POD Drinkers.
Bodison of Kearney made his ini
tial speech by moving that S. F. 285
! be ordered engrossed for third read-
ling. He introduced the bill , and it
speaks for itself. It declares it to be
a. misdemeanor for any manufacturer
'to ' sell pop or other non-alcoholic
'drinks containing saccharine or coal
lar sweeteners.
Talcott explained that the bill
would hit some manufacturers who are
underselling others by using a cheaper -
. . er sweetener. It was ordered engrossed -
grossed for third reading.
"Apportionment Ellis.
The apportionment bills which are
to be reported a * now prepared in th
senate will probably be reported in
the house also , although the members
of the house committee are much mys
tified at the situation. The senate
bill was fixed up by the aid of demo
cratic house members , but the republi
can members have been frequently
consulted. The efforts to hold meet
ings of the house committee have not
been successful. Chairman Regan
claims to know nothing concerning
the bills , and says that the houao
must still do its work. He is not
calling meetings , and it now looks as
if the house would be asked to accept
the senate bills on senatorial appor
tionment as well as the senate bills
on judicial and congressional appor
tionment. The house bills did not
cover the latter two redistricting
propositions.
Is It a Railroad Commission ?
The eagle eye of Secretary of State
Wait discovered that H. R. 33 , signed
by the governor and sent to the office
of the secretary of state refers to the
state "railroad commission. " The of
ficial name of the commission intended
to be mentioned by the framers of the
bill is the "railway commission. " The
bill in question requires railroads to
use standard sized cabooses. It is not
believed the incorrect name of the
commission mentioned in the bill will
have any effect on the validity of the
measure. For some reason the mem
bers of the commission object to being
called a railroad commission. To some
this term conveys a different idea than
the term railway commission.
All for Stockyards Bill.
The house passed the Taylor stock
yards bill as amended and as accepted
by the house several days ago. One
vote only , McKelvie of Lancaster , was
cast against the measure. There is
openly voiced suspicion against the
bill in the house because the Douglas
county delegation voted for it. It is
even said that a motion will soon be
made to set a day for the considera
tion of the Ollis bill and that this bill
will also be passed through the house.
The fear is that with the sifting com
mittee appointed in the senate the
Taylor bill will be allowed to die in the
committee and no stockyards legisla
tion be secured.
The White Slave Bill.
Without indulging 'in debate and
without the slightest opposition the
senate recommended for third read
ing Senator Horton's bill prohibiting
and providing severe penalties for en
gaging in the "white slave" traffic. A
procurer , under this bill is liable on
a first conviction for a county jail sen
tence from six months to a year or a
fine up to $1,000 , and on a second of
fense a penitentiary sentence of from
three to ten years is provided.
Only Bill Recommended.
The Smith bill , the one that so far
has met with the approval -of the
standing committee of the house , elim
inates entirely the ten year provisions
of the present county seat law. Other
wise there is no change between it
and the present statute. It meets the
exigencies of the occasion by leaving
the relocation open to all the towns
in a county without favoring county
seats which now have the advantage
of the ten year clause.
Democratic Joint Caucus.
A short joint caucus of the house
and senate democrats was held at the
Lincoln hotel. Reapportionment was
the main subject under discussion al
though other party pledges were
talked over informally. The possibili
ty of instilling more harmony into the
rest of the legislative session was
touched upon in a casual way , none of
the speakers however evincing a de
sire to go at the matter.
Capital Removalists Cautious.
The failure of the capital removal
promoters , Bailey of Buffalo and Sink
of Hall , to make any move for the advancement - %
vancement of their bill , H. R. No. 382 ,
is responsible for the impression that
they are afraid to have it reach a vote
at this time. Bailey and Sink could
have ] the solid support of the Lancas
ter delegation if they would ask to
,
have the bill advanced for consider
ation.
Talcott's V&ntilation Bill.
Chief in importance among the bills
so far passed by the senate was Tal-
cott's bill providing for the proper san
itation and ventilation of factories.
The bill also provides for guarding
dangerous machinery.
The Skiles initiative and referendum
bill as amended by the house , went
through without a negative vote , ex
cept that of Lawrence of Dodge , who
later changed his vote to the affirma
tive. P ? a _ iia 2aa '
The bridge bill introduced by Ban
ning and Skiles , S. F. 272 , as amend
ed by the bridge committee , was en
dorsed by the committee of the
whole. The introducers of the bill ex
plained that it was intended to break
the back of the bridge combine.
Governor Sends Message.
In a message to the house Thurs
day afternoon Governor Aldrich called
the attention of the representatives
to the fact that there were defects in
several of the measurs which had
reached his desk for approval.
The senate in committee of the
whole indefinitely postponed S. F. 188 ,
ay Tanner and then when the commit
tee arose the action was overturned
by a vote of seventeen to thirteen and
the bill was ordered engrosed for a
third reading.
DRY FARMING ISSUE
Movement Has Direct Value in
Application to East.
Never Have Good Agriculture Until
Farmer Prepares for Dry Times
Just as Consciously as He Does
for the Winter.
I am convinced that the dry farm
ing movement has direct value in its
application to eastern as well as west
ern conditions. The movement is
necessary , and therefore worth while ,
in its western applications alone , and
in its bearing on the welfare of those
regions it should appeal to all the people
ple ; but it also has a bearing on agri
culture in the entire country such as
our people do not yet understand.
We habitually associate "dry farm
ing" with dry regions ; but the conservation
vation of water lies also at the founda
tion of agriculture in most humid re
gions , as well as in semi-arid regions ,
for the crop in humid regions is very
generally determined by the pinch of
the "dry spell" or drought , writes L.
H. Bailey , director of the New York
State College of Agriculture at Cornell
university , in the Dry Farming Con
gress Bulletin. As the strength of a
wall is measured by its weakest
course , so is the crop-producing power
of the year determined , under prevail
ing farming methods , by the poorest
or least effective growing month.
Farmers in the semi-arid regions
are compelled to save , the rainfall , and
they prepare a definite program of
conservation , making this program a
part of their reckoning. But the
farmer in humid regions usually
makes little or no allowance or
reckoning for drought , and - hen it
comes he is caught ; and yet the
drought and not the rainfall deter
mines his crops.
We shall never have a good agricul
ture until the farmer prepares for dry
times and drought just as consciously
as he prepares for winter. The "dry
spell" of summer is usually consid
ered to be a calamity ; it is probable
that 'a. properly regulated system of
husbandry would make such spells to
be advantageous.
The annual precipitation at Ithaca ,
in central New York , is approximately
33 inches ; yet there is record of a
Vear with a rainfall of only 21.20
inches. The average recorded yearly
rainfall for the state of New York
ranges from 51 inches down to 28 1-3
inches , and if we exclude Long Island
with its more uniform precipitation ,
the minimum becomes about 26 %
inches , or approaching closely to dry
farming conditions. There are parts
of the state in which the mean pre
cipitation over a series of years is
under 23 inches.
I have before me the records for 48
years of one station in western New
York , with an annual average of 27.52
inches , in which there are four years
with a total precipitation of less than
20 inches ( one year only 16.44 inches ) ,
and two years with a total of 20.02 and
20.61. Were it not for other aids than
rainfall of the particular year ( there
Is probably a low evaporation due to
proximity of large bodies of water ,
and water is held in the soil from
other years ) , this would be a semiarid -
arid place ; for a region is usually
held to be semi-arid if its precipita
tion is less than 20 inches.
It is the precipitation of the "grow
ing months , " however , that largely de
termines the crop. In the dry section
just mentioned , there are 26 years of
the 48 in which the monthly rainfall
was less than one and one-half inches
( which is very dry ) in one or more of
the months of May , June , July , Au
gust ; and there are ten other years in
which the rainfall in one or more of
these months was between two inches
and one and one-half inches , ( which
usually indicates droughty conditions ) .
Even at Ithaca , with its mean precipi
tation of about 33 inches ( and a maxi
mum of about 46 % ) , there are 17
years out of 53 in which the rainfall
was less than one and one-half inches
in one or more of these four growing
months , and 14 other years In which it
was less than two inches , making 31
years in the 53 ( or about three-fifths
of the years ) in which droughty con
ditions prevailed. Even in a section
in western New York with a mean an
nual preciptation of 44 % inches and a
maximum of 59 % , there were five
years out of 20 in which the rainfall
was less than two inches in one or
more of the four growing months. If
to these four main growing months
were added April and September , all
the foregoing figures of droughty con
ditions would be more marked.
Prevent Exhaustion of Soil.
To prevent exhaustion of the soil ,
the fruit grower has to replenish the
elements taken from the soil , and this
'is done in the form of manure and
commercial fertilizer , says American
Cultivator.
Vegetables Pay.
As between vegetables and fruit ,
the vegetables pay best , as one can
raise two to four crops of them on
the same spot of land in a season and
only one crop of fruit.
Profit in-Cucumbers.
A farmer near Olathe , Kan. , last
season made a net profit of $7,000
from cucumbers alone. He uses a
hothouse- winter and grows the
vegetables out of doors in summer.
t
Non-Crowing Roosters. t
A man of Springdale , Wash. , claims
to have produced a breed of poultry
from wild birds obtained in the Sand
wich islands , the roosters of which
cannot crow.
MAKE SUCCESS ON DRY FARM
Governor Brooks of Wyoming MakM
Timely Suggestions to Home-Seek
ers in Semi-Arid Sections.
Governor Brooks of Wyoming makes
the following statements which those
who live in or > perhaps Intend to go
to dry farming sections should care
fully observe and be governed by
them :
First : Those who occupy these
lands should go with some means in
hand by which they can sustain them
selves independent of the product of
their land until such land can be made
productive. This is a fact that we
have observed in our going through
those sections. The dry farming area
is quite different from areas that have
heretofore been opened by the set
tler. When our prairie sod is turned
over it is ready for a crop of some
kind the first season. Not so , as a
Yule , when the sod is turned in these
dry sections. Now and then there are
exceptional seasons that will help the
occupant of that land to get some
thing from that first sod , but it Is not
safe to depend upon it.
Dry farming should follow well es
tablished rules. Most of those rules
are now well understood by those who
have made It a study and have worked
it out upon the land itself , until it can
now be said that something is known
as to successful detail in the handling
of dry land soils. We will not stop to
outline those rules here for much has
been written and said concerning it.
There are experiment stations that
are doing good work in these dry sec
tions which will constantly illustrate
the value of what is called dry farm
ing methods. Let the farmer in those
sections keep in touch with what they
do or not do at those places and be
governed by their successes or fail
ures as the case may be.
There is much evidence now that
some lands Hhat ; were called worthless
by reason of the lack of rainfall can
be made to sustain good comfortable
homes when that soil is handled in
ways which are now understood but
which were not known a few years
ago.
ago.The
The general opinion from those who
are good authorities , is that when any
one settles west of the 99th meridian
on good land which cannot be irri
gated , such a party should own his
land outright , either by purchase at
the proper price or by location under
government authority. He then should
plow deeply as soon as possible in or
der to make a cistern in which to hold
the water that comes in limited
amounts from rains and melting
snows. Keep the surface of that deep
plowed land very thoroughly cultivat
ed so that the moisture which he has
already obtained , shall not escape , but
will be eventually used by the crop
which he wishes to grow.
In all probability continued experi
ence will demonstrate that a man so
located should cultivate one part of
his land one year , and summer fallow
the other part that year , which' means
to keep the top part very thoroughly
cultivated after every rain or deposit
of moisture , so that when he grows a
crop on that field the following year
he will have the accumulation of two
years' water to aid him in his growing
crop.
Dehorning Is Cruel.
Is there any decent excuse for saw
ing off a steers' horns when they
might have been stopped from grow
ing when the steer was a calf ten
days old at a cost of ten cents ? De
horning is a cruel and useless prac
tice.
Water for Farm Animals.
The amount of water consumed per
day , by each of the various farm ani
mals commonly found upon the farm ,
is about as follows : A horse , seven
gallons ; a cow , six gallons ; a hog ,
three gallons , and a sheep , something
less.
Barley Excellent for Pork.
It has been found by experiment and
practical experience that barley is a
most excellent feed'for pork produc
tion , as it produces a sweeter and
firmer meat than corn.
DAIRY NOTES.
Keep the hand separator in good
repair.
Get the best cows ; they are none
too good.
One thousand pounds of butter from
a single cow in a single year is pretty
good.
A separator in the dairy "business is
almost equal to the thrasher in wheat
growing.
When a man begins to keep records
of his herd he is a good long step
toward success.
Do not leave the cows out in any
kind of storm until they are wet or
chilled through.
The products of the dairy are per
haps the most useful articles included
in the human diet.
To make a success of dairying you
can't know too much about your cows.
No two cows are alike.
Cows giving milk are voracious eat
ers. It is from their food and drink
that their milk is made.
The cleaner the milking and the
sooner the milk is strained and cooled
the longer it will keep sweet.
Separator milk contains less cream
than milk skimmed by hand ; hence
there is less fat in it for the calves.
Some cows have a natural adapta
tion to certain feeds , while others
again can make use of most any kind
of feed.
The dairy farmer should make it a
point to study the individuality of his
dairy cows if he expects to get the
most out of them.
TURNS TO DEMOCRATS
PRESIDENT TAFT IN A MOST PE
CULIAR POSITION.
's ' Relying on Opposition Party to "Pass
Measures Repudiated by His Own
Followers Opportunity for
the Democrats.
The extra session which will meet on
April 4 will assemble under curious
conditions. The Republican president
is committed to the passage of his tar
iff board bill and the Canadian recip
rocity measure. The Democrats , who
made the reciprocity bill a party meas
ure in the last house , and contributed
nearly twice as many votes in favor of
reciprocity as Mr. Taft's own party ,
will have a comfortable majority at the
extra session. They are committed to
reciprocity , and will pass that and the
tariff board bill with enthusiasm.
The Republicans will have in the
senate a majority of only eight , against
28 in the past session. The Democrats
and the Republicans who support Mr.
Taft will have no difficulty in enacting
the desired laws. The interesting ques
tion , however , is how much further will
the Democrats go in framing tariff revi
sion legislation , and how far will Mr.
Taft go with the Democrats ? The
Democratic position is , perhaps , fair
ly expressed in their last national plat
form , adopted at Denver in 1908. There
are phrases in that document which
have a prophetic sound in the light of
the events of the last three years :
"We welcome the belated promise
of tariff reform affected by the Repub
lican party in tardy recognition of the
righteousness of the Democratic posi
tion on this question , but the people
cannot safely trust -the execution of
this important work to a party which
is so deeply obligated to the highly
protected interests. . . . We favor
immediate revision of the tariff by the
reduction of import duties . . . ma
terial reductions should be made upon
the necessaries of life . . . and gradu
ated reductions should be made in
such other schedules as may be neces
sary to restore the tariff to a revenue
basis. . . . We * demand the immediate
repeal of the tariff on pulp , print pa
per , lumber , timber and logs , and that
these articles be placed on the free
list. "
The Payne-Aldrich tariff bill has
been enacted sinee this platform was
written ; a campaign has been waged
on the very ground that the revision
was not sincerely undertaken or hon
estly performed ; the complexion of the
house has been changed and the Demo
crats have won victories all along the
line ; and , finally , a Republican presi
dent has himself fathered a reciprocity
measure which is in almost exact ac
cord with the Democratic tariff de
mands , and is now trusting to Demo
crats to save him when his own party
has failed him.
The conditions seem right , * therefore ,
for tariff excursions at the extra ses
sion beyond the field of Canadian recip
rocity , but none the less It is not likely
the session will be prolonged , or that
radical or comprehensive revision will
be undertaken. One reason is that the
president would not permit radical re
vision at this time. The other reason
Is that the Democrats , if wisely guided ,
would not undertake a serious tariff
program on such short notice. Phila
delphia Ledger.
Party's Responsibility.
The Democrats are face to face with
a great opportunity , and also with a
great responsibility. The test comes
early , but there is no reason why it
should not be successfully endured.
The Democrats under the leadership of
Mr. Clark , the new speaker , have
shown wisdom and patriotism in their
co-operation with the president. It is
19 years since the last Democratic
house of representatives was elected.
Then , as now , there was an extra ses
sion. Later came the fight over the
tariff which resulted in the Gorman-
Wilson bill. Then followed the split of
1896 and the long exile from power. It
must be that the Democrats have
learned something from this bitter ex
perience. They ought to have learned
much. Adversity is supposed to be an
excellent teacher , and certainly the
Democratic party has had its share of
adversity. Of course , we are all great
ly interested in the reciprocity agree
ment , the tariff commission bill , and
tariff reform ; but the chief Interest is ,
we think , in the Democratic party and
its probable course in the impending
session of congress. Indianapolis
News.
Democratic League of Clubs.
The National Democratic League of
Clubs is a national federation of Demo
cratic clubs throughout the country.
No dues are required and local inde
pendence is assured. The creed of the
league is to educate young voters to
become Democrats , to teach foreign-
born voters that being Democrats will
make them better Americans and to
preach the policies of Jefferson and
Jackson , day in and day out.
To a disinterested and unprejudiced
observer it looks a little as if the sen
ate committee's plan to allow Senator
Lorimer $25,000 for his expenses in de
fending his right to his seat , and the
senator's conscientious rejection of it
might be something in the nature of a
frameup devised for the purpose of
mollifying the public temper.
Notwithstanding the fact that it was
z. do-nothing session , it managed to get
away with a billion or so of the pee
ple's money.
MUST MEET PEOPLE'S DEMAND
Revision of the Tariff Most Imperative
Duty Devolving on Demo
cratic Party.
The charitable doctrine that teaches
us to say no ill of the dead does not
apply to such a body as the congress
which expired by limitation on the
fourth of March. Passing over the rest
of its mingled record of good and evil ,
the most important of its acts Is the
Payne-Aldrich tariff , upon which the
country gave Judgment last November.
So complete and deliberate has been
this judgment as to afford the authors
of the bill no benefit of doubt on the
grounds of popular passionjand preju- \
dice. The act was not a relief from
the DIngley tariff , which in its breed
ing of monstrous Industrial trusts and
its spoliations of the masses of the ,
people had become a national calamity. ;
It requires a long bead roll to recount' \
the predatory combinations that owe
their birth to this prolific parent of
monopoly , with the steel trust leading- }
the long line.
There was little or no false pretense'
as to the character and intent of the :
Dingley act. It was admitted that many
of Its duties were raised to an exorbitant - 1
tant height with the view of moderat
ing them by reciprocity treaties , which
were never realized. The special ses
sion of the congress that has gone ,
which was summoned by President
Taft to mitigate the burdens of the
Dingley tariff , mocked the country with ,
a hypocritical pretense of performing
this duty when preserving all the worst
features of that enactment. While a
show was made of lowering duties on
non-competitive imports and on some
commodities competing with products ,
of the trusts , duties were raised to pro
hibitory rates and * n obedience to the
combination of manufacturers and
sheep growers the barbarous schedule
of wool and woolens was left un
touched.
Upon the effects of this act , with its
direct and indirect influences in griev
ously enhancing the cost of living
throughout the land , and upon the con
gress that created it , the American
people have solemnly pronounced their
judgment. After a long reign of protection - ,
tection it will be for the new congress
that now comes to life to meet in full
measure the popular will that the tariff
shall be relieved of its spoliatory fea
tures. Of this the action of the Demo
crats of the house on the reciprocity
agreement with Canada affords a cheer
ful augury.
Limit to Pension Expenditure.
The pension bill will carry an dp-
proprlation of $155,000,000 , which is a
good deal of money. The house of rep
resentatives had passed a bill the
Sulloway bill which would have add
ed probably $50,000,000 to this sum. It
soon became apparent that it could not
get through the senate as an independ
ent measure. The president had let it
be understood that he would veto it.
Possibly the senate itself would have
refused to take the responsibility of
adding this great amount to our ' dis
bursements when there is already a
persistent deficit. So the bill was of
fered as a rider to the pension appro
priation bill. Senator Lodge raised a
point of order against it on the ground
that It was new legislation , and he was ,
sustained by the vice-president. The
notable thing about it all is that all
the effective opposition to this meas
ure was Republican opposition. For
the first time in many years Republi
cans have begun to see that in the na
ture of things there must be a limit
to the size of our pension bill. It was
a Republican president who threatened
a veto. It was a Republican senator
who made the point of order against
r
the pension rider , and a Republican f
vice-president who , as president of the
senate , sustained it. The people would ,
be glad to believe that this indicates
a disposition on the part of our statesmen - t
men to exercise greater care henceforth - ,
forth in dealing with pensions. It
would be encouraging to know that
there actually are limits beyond which }
congress will not go.
Too Palpable a Fraud.
Gifford Pinchot asserts that an
amendment written into the agricul
tural appropriation bill by the senate
would take millions of acres out of the
national forest reserves. The amend
ment provided that all land on which
there is standing less than 4,000 feet
of merchantable timber to a section of
160 acres shall be excluded from gov
ernment reservations. Inasmuch as the
amendment was proposed by Senator
Heyburn , who is an avowed enemy of
the policy of conservation , the fears of
Gifford Pinchot were probably well-
founded. Equally , if not more , inimical
to a conservative land policy was the
amendment tacked on the same bill
by Senator Carter in aid of fraudulent
mining claims. A prospector drops a.
gilt collar button and grubstakes a
location on the pretense of having
found gold. Senator Flint 'declared ,
that half the timber land in California
as taken under fraudulent mining lo
cations. Senator Carter would have
validated such frauds if the claims did
not in terms include the timber in
fact , the timber is never specifically
included. The hair naturally goes with
the hide.
Wise Democratic Policy.
The Democrats , If they are wise , will
help the administration to pass the
reciprocity measure and the tariff
board bill , and go home. They may
point to their achievements and formu
late at leisure their policies , which can.
be developed to advantage at the next
regular session of congress. The coun
try does not want a tariff campaign
this summer ; it does not wish congress
to remain in session and the Democrats
will doubtless use discretion. In the
history of the party wise leadership
was never more important