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About Valentine Democrat. (Valentine, Neb.) 1900-1930 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 22, 1910)
r I' , . " - _ . ' _ - - - - - - . , . - : ' . . - ; - . - . . ; : " ' : : - . - .t - . . : . : . - , ' ' ' . - - . \ ANw i i l IUPoDD * I y nfl wi ' - - , ( - . Ir _ - 6 . . ONTENEGRO - whose reigning prince , Nicholas I. , by way of cele . ' II1IJI ! ( ) brating the jubilee of his accession ' z has proclaimed himself king and I'llvIIftcI ' his principality a kingdom-is one of the. storm centers of the near east. Its influence on Balkan pol- itics is not to be measured by its , . - - ' size , for this Land of the Black . ft Mountains , as the Venetians , named it long ago , is actually the smallest monarchy in all Europe. When , a few weeks ago , Nicholas assumed the title of king , his wife became Queen Milena Nicholas also declared . _ . that Montenegro shall be known henceforth as , Zeta , that being the ancient name of the country. The territory subject to the rule of King NIch- olas is just one-fourteenth of the area of Rou- mania , a tenth of Bulgaria , a seventh of Greece , And a fifth of Servi Yet Greece has long been an Independent state , Roumania a monarchy since 1881 , Servia a kingdom since 1882 , while Bulga- ria exchanged the rank of a suzerain principality lor that of an independent kingdom only two years ago. Ever since that dramatically precipi tate action on the part of Bulgaria and the assim- ilation by Austria of the neighboring provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina the Montenegrin prince and people have been ambitious to assert their sovereign dignity. And if there be any satisfaction In this eleva 1 tion of their national status the Montenegrins are assuredly as entitled to it as their neighbors of : Servia and Bulgaria , for Montenegro can boast a i record unrivaled by any other state in the whole , Balkan peninsula. Alone of all the Balkan , . peoples these hardy mountaineers have never I . . Icnown the harsh hand of a conqueror. Secure in their wild mountain fastnesses , almost impreg- I , nable in their Inaccessibility , the Montenegrins j have retained their national life and political in- dependence through centuries of strife and Sla I vonic dismemberment Dynasties have fallen and ; kingdoms crumbled on either hand , but this one tiny state has preserved its freedom from alien control. Even when the Turkish hordes threat- " ened to overrun Europe and in their triumphant t : , ) - . . . a 4. . . . , . - - - 1 . _ _ _ _ - , . . . . . : . . - . 3' . ' , . " . . . . . J' . F Ipi . . . . - n. . . . J J . ' . . . . . , . , ; . 1.1 . , . ; . Ji . . . , . . . - . : ( : t " ' ? : ' y . , , . , 'x ' : < . , . . . . ' " , .y. . , . J . ' : , ' ' " , ' " : : "X' .0z.0" " : d. < ' : ; " ' ' , : . ' > ; ' : ; . .J ; 7" : . . , . % . . - . . : ; : ; : . , :7. : , . . , U ; % : ' ' ' . ' ' . , . . : : " , , ' . ' . : . " ' . - . % . . . , " , , , " , ' , ' ' ' : ( . . 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' ' ; ; : ( , ,4 % i ? t ? - lit rTREEiT . . . 7- - - " ' . /70/YTE/YECR//Y.5 AT C'ETT7/YOE . I . (3 TREEiT C'JYL7 -H 111 march swept away the medieval Servian empire j this warlike mountain race kept its passes by ceaseless watching night and day and submis sion to Turkish authority was of a nominal na ture. And when their ancient capital was threat ened they abandoned It as ruthlessly as those other Slavs of the northland burned and aban don ed- Moscow in the face of the advancing foe and betaking themselves high ' up Into the moun- tains founded a secure seat of government within I the rocky walls of Cettinje ; A wonderful people these Montenegrins , with a wonderful history. If ever a Servian empire "be re-established , if ever the Balkan states be- come united in a powerful confederation that would wholly change the political complexion of the near east and its problems , it will be largely due to the patriotism and pluck of this little pa- , triarchal state. To this day the men wear an edging of black in their scarlet caps-thIs in , , f I mourning for a lost Slav empire-and with all E the passion of a primitive people they hold to that national Idea which would accomplish the union of all the Serb states. Early in the sixteenth century the ruler of the Montenegrins , being a pious prince , who much loved the church , handed executive authority to the metropolitan bishop , who henceforth bore the ' title of "vladlka , " or prince bishop. For three and a half centuries spiritual and temporal h power lay in one man's hands , the vladika being I a little Balkan pope. In 1696 the Petrovic Njegos I family entered into possession of this princely ' power , and this dynasty rules in Montenegro still. , . In 1851 Danilo I. renounced the title of vladika 1 in favor of that of hospodar , at the same time L severing the temporal authority from the spirit- Tial oversight of the people. In 1853 Danilp II. ordered the enrollment in arms of all Montene- grin males capable of service. The tribal system still obtained , chieftains of clans being directly responsible to their prince. On August 13 , 1860 , the present ruler acceded to power and during I the fifty years of a notable reign Prince ! Nicholas . bas done much to civilize and modernize : this I primitive mountain land while at the same time he has been careful to keep national habits in : all their simplicity : and to foster a lofty : national- Ism of spirit and sentiment among his people. . - Of all the states in Europe Montenegro is per- ftaps the least known to , the least visited by , the L1dJ average traveled man , while to the untraveled } / the very nar.e is a ' blank. The proclamation I' ' of a new king in Europe is a reminder however , , of the value which the Montenegrins sat upon their own importance an importance which Is by no means to be underestimated when Balkan questions : . ar ; ? * tp disturb ! the currents of high - - - . . S. ! . . - ' . . , , p x' ) N . _ s4 < x' 'S . . - - - ' ' .5 'S ' )5 , 4 , 5 . , . ; ' 5 Sc 4 . -S ; C . , ' : 5'S _ _ _ S < -S ( . 5' . - 'S 5'i' - 5- .5 , S. S , ' , 'S 'S ) ) . ' S ' _ 5 * : . . ' , , . . ' : ; ' , . : ( ) : ' 'P. . _ _ _ _ ' ' 4 Sc . , . _ ' . ; )5S . . . . S ' ; ' . C' . ' , _ t' : : . _ :3 : : ' : 5 , ' : . ' .C ' -.5 > ; C > 5 : > ) , _ S' 5 , > ( , I S .4 ) , ' ) . I1 , . ' c > . ' 5. 5. - diplomacy. Packed within an area which Is at most a hundred miles long and eighty miles wide is a population of about a quarter of a million people , the sturdiest , bravest and most warlike people anywhere to be found. The Montenegrins are a fighting race , among whom personal bra- very is accounted the highest virtue in man. By a national decree the men all carry loaded pis- ! : -1 tols at their belts , and these they are prone to Z . use on small provocation. Theyhave no regard " - for the value of human life , and family anlmosl- J , ' 'J ties are pursued through generations after the 4 JO fashion of the Corsican vendetta. Nicholas I. has T for years steadfastly discouraged these blood " 3 feuds , which are a bane of Montenegrin life ; but g racial instincts die hard , and these men of the , j Black Mountains are not easily soothed into civl- rf ; llzatlon's ways. In the early years of Nicholas' reign Montene- gro suffered much by pestilence and famine as well as by , successive conflicts with Turkey , which has ever been envious of the Montenegrins' stubborn independence. In the struggles of the seventies Prince Nicholas and his people were successful to the extent of recovering valuable seaboard territory , in the possession of which the principality was confirmed by the twenty- eighth article of the Berlin treaty. In the same ' famous agreement of the powers the independ- ence of Montenegro , really existent for centuries , was at last formally recognized even by Turkey. With so much conceded to their heroism and pa- triotism Montenegrins were free to develop their national resources , whicla are wholly agri- cultural. Among the humanizing influences es sential to the progress of his people Prince Nicholas- promptly recognized the value of edu- cation , and almost before the ink was dry on treaty signatures an extensive scheme of elemen- tary education was organized throughout the principality. There . are nbw some 200 primary schools maintained by : the state and attendance is compulsory on all children. Whatever Nicholas I. has done'and may do , however , by way of fostering the arts of peace and of advancing the material prosperity of his people avails little when the Montenegrin genius is essentially military. In all eastern Europe there is no finer soldier than the hardy man of the mountains. The Montenegrin ruler knows his strength in this respect , and he has fashioned at least a fifth of the population into a well-dis ciplined and well-equipped little army comprising 58 battalions of infantry and 12 batteries of artil- lery , but no cavalry. Of even greater account than their martial order is the intense nationalism of the Montene grins , a sentiment which their ruler stlmulateo - - - - - - - - - - - - - . : . , , - - - - - - - . - , . I $ " 1/ - ; . . , MC/iOJLAS T. TiI PETROVIC JYilE2O.5 Jo ( ) , + z4. w ' 5 ; ' * h" _ _ _ ' 1 ' : \ . i by royal decree as well as by personal example It is , for ' instance incumbent on all to wear thi national costume ; prosaic European clothing ii tabooed. Picturesque as it is , the costume em phasiz the extravagant theatricality of -the Mon tenegrin pose. But if garments enhance : an ideal Prince Nicholas is shrewd indeed. In His ordi. nance. Much that may seem extravagant and absurdly archaic to western ideas has a hidden r purpose in the Balkins. Austrian , Russian and German policy alike has aimed at such" seve rance of Serb associations as shall effectually repress Serb aspirations to a reunited empire. On the other hand It has been the settled pol icy of Nicholas I. to kee.p the flame of Serb pa triotism alight. Hence it is that the fervent na tionalism of this Montenegrin people finds ex pression in the very jackets of the men and the skirts of the women , in the minstrelsy of thfl single-stringed fiddlea and the ever-present readi : ness for war. Montenegro has a constitutiton , first granted in 1868. The skupstchina or national assembly ; is elected by universal suffrage for a term of four years. : A ministry of six portfolios repre sents executive authority , but to all Intents and purposes Nicbolas I. is an absolute autocrat. The father of his pr/ople , he gives public audience to all and sundry and administers justice beneath a famous plane tree hard by the palace gates at Cettinje. Such is the patriarchal ruler of a pa triarchal state who in the pursuit of a national ambition } is exchanging the primitive simplicity of ancient Czernagora--as Montenegro once was styled-for the trappings and majesty of a mini ature monarchy. SOME QUEER ENGLISH NAMES. Sussex can produce queer names in plenty , foi example : Replenished Pryor , a damsel who dwell at Heathfield ; Mr. Stand-fast-on-high Stringer ; Mr. Ales Cressel , and Master Perform-thy-vows Seers. The county archives also yield unusual family names , such as Pitchfork , Devil , Leper , Juglery , Beatup , Breathing , Whiskey Wildgoose , . and Lies. Dorset can hold her own tolerably well with villages named Ryme Intrinseca and Toller Por- corum ; rivers called Wriggle river and Devil's brook ; commons christened Giddy green and God's Blessing green , and heights called Hungry down , Mount Ararat , Grammars hill , and Danc- ing hill. A prospective tenant might well hesi. tate before signing the lease of Wooden. Cabbage farm , Labor , in Vain farmt Poor Lot farm and Charity bottom , even though he should hail from Kent , which owns two Starvecrow farms within a ride of each other.-LondonChronlcle. . . . . - S _ _ . - - . . . . : . . = - - - . . . . : . . - - - - . , . - - - - " ' ( < $1JDn-O ll FAO"I nOli 13 t\ . I Mf1V'IRM @ . By lr Prof. W. N. Munson recommends for treatment of old orchards to plow I as early as possible in the spring , har- row at once and apply about 500 pounds of fertilizer to the acre , then harrow about once in two weeks un til the middle of August , when a cov er crop of rye or spring vetch should be sown. In working among the trees he finds the traceless harness of great value. The exact time and method of tillage is not so important as to be sure that a fair amount of tillage is given. - In the production of milk and cream on the farm the farmer seldom stops to consider that there should be placed a va'lue on the forage which the cows consume when on pasture or that the labor necessary to feed , milk and properly care for the cows and the milk should be considered as an expense. On this account , too often , the farmer fails to fully under- stand the actual cost of his butter when ready for market. The number of sheep In the world Is estimated at 580,000,000 , a number much greater than any other meat producing animal. Of this number there are in Australia 88,000,000 ; Ar- gentina , 67,000,000 ; Turkey , 45,000,000 ; Russia , 45,000,000 ; Great Britain , 27- 000,000. There are an even 100,000- 000 goats with not enough of them in the United States for enumeration. Weeding out the poorest cows is the best way to Improve the record of any dairy In the amount of milk and but- ter produced , in proportion to the number of cows kept. This process of weeding out will also aid materially to increase the profits. Large bands of sheep do not thrive so well under farming conditions as smaller ones , and are moreover espe- cially apt to injury the land , for they not only crop the growing plants too closely , but by buncnmg , tend to pud- dle the ground. While bran can be used with a de cided advantage In making up the rations of the dairy cows it should be used to excess as It will make cream hard to churn while the butter will be'pale rather than a golden yellow. When the time for culliqg the ' young stock comes , the enjnced breeder has a decided advantag * ? over the beginner. The former can tell at a much earlier date those birds that it will be profitable to keep. - The time to place on surplus boxes is when the hive or lower story is full or nearly so. As long as bees have abundant room , in the brood chamber to work they will not go into any sur- plus boxes. If there were fewer dogs there would be more sheep ; and as soon as farmers make up their minds to have more sheep and fewer dogs , they will bring that healthy condition to pass. Perhaps the reason more root crops are not raised Is that they require more work both in their cultivation and harvesting and In their storing- md feeding. Use up all the old straw stack for , bedding the animals before warm , weather comes. Manure Is a by-prod uct that figures part of the profits in live stock growing. Make the best of it. It always seemed to us a great mis take to fatten sows and sell them after they have raised a litter. A sow that develops good breeding qualities should be kept as long as possible. The cows of Holland live in their owner's house. But don't imagine the stalls are filthy like ours. They are as neat as your sitting room. Good blood is essential to the pro ducing of good horses , but not any more so than the material that forms S the food for producing the animal when once started In life. Ventilation , both night and day , Is essential to the health of poultry. Many diseases among fowls are trace- able to the xrant of pure air. By some seedsmen sweet clover is catalogued as Bokhara or bee clover. It Is a fine thing for bees as the flow ers secrete a fine quality of nectar and large amounts of it. - Remember to supply plenty of grit to the young ' poultry. They need it as much as mature birds. Grit forms part of their digestive system. ; The Increase In a flock of sheep rep- fresents ; almost entire profit to the man : who bas no rentals to pay and keeps ibis ! sheep on government lands S 55 -c. ' , - ' ; . " " "FfJ" " . ; , . , - w - . . - T' . ' . . . . . . . , . The Incubating season Is practically' over with poultry , so far as profit to , the owner Is concerned , and the Min nesota experiment station advises that all old nesting material bu taken out and burned , and that all nesting- boxes be disinfected and given a coat of liquid lice-killer ; after which fresh straw may be placed In them for late layers. ' The creosote preparations sold at lumber yarda' for wood pre- serving have been used with good ef fect as lice klHers. : 0- The movement of so many thou sands of young people from the farm to the city Is largely caused by bad roads which isolate their homes and render the world about them inac cessible. The addition to the urban population lessens the .producing force of the farm and at the same time cre ates a greater demand for farm prod. ucts. This means a higher cost of liv ing and an undesirable situation re sults. The minus quality of our soils lies not so much on the chemical side of the soil as upon the wretchedly poor physical condition induced through the lack of any attempt to retucn to the soil that vital attribute which makes for productiveness - humus ; which + o - ; ether with rational tillage and use oi manures , constitutes the best key for unlocking the storage of latent plant food contained In the solL The cow is instinctively the most courteous animal in the world. She al ways responds to better treatment. What shall we say for some of the men who own her and use her with a nig- gardliness that shows how little they know of a cow and how little they ap preciate her. If the dairy cow is in a good health - condition and her milk supply profits counteract her actual expense of keep- Ing , she is worth the time and trouble of keeping her but on the other hand , should she consume more feed than her profit warrants , get rid of her as soon as possible. When doing the tree planting , do not forget to put a few trees in a cor- . ner of the pasture fields , if there is such a things as fenced pasture on the farm. Protect these for a few years , and they will protect the stock for many more. Animals are like human beings sometimes they will eat more than at others , and If a feeder -acts In accord- ance with the demands of the animals under his control , it means safe and sure economy to the man who pays the bill. The best time to thin peaches is just when the pit is hardening. In the country : between 35 and 40 degrees latitude , this is done June 10 to 15. Further south , of course the work should begin earlier. From a business point of view , the hog Is described as "a great national resource , a farm mortgage lifter and. debt-payer , and the most generally profitable domesticated animal In American agriculture. " , Don't hesitate about paying a good price for a pure bred sire provided he is well bred and good individually. The money will come back to you fourfold in the first crop of young- sters. Celery makes most of its growth , during September and October , and if you can get plants of these varieties out in July and August , and a root system started the chances are good for a crop. In fattening both fowls and chickens it must be remembered that the less exercise they get the quicker they will fatten. It Is difficult to fatten well fowls that have a free range. . - - - Foods vary in quality owing to dif. ferent conditions under which they are grown. This is one reason why a prescribed ration will not always pro duce the same results. - For comb honey , a hive a little more t shallow in the brood nest than the i regular body Is preferable , as it forces ; . the honey up into sections just where it is wanted. - I Farmers and feeders would do well to pay more attention to the root crops In their attempt at getting the ideal feeding ration , both for beef and 1 dairy cattle. ; One great advantage sweet clover has over a great many crops Is that it will keep in check almost all of the noxious weeds with which we are troubled. Tuberculosis in chickens has been found in five cases this year by the state hygienic laboratory at the Uni versity of Wisconsin. It Is highly desirable that pigeons of all kinds should assume their new garb before the cold , damp dark days of winter set in. To make the greatest profit out of swine It Is necessary to produce gains cheaply. This can best be accom- plished by furnishing plenty of for- age. - To get the best financial results from a flock of mutton sheep It Is es sential that they combine a god fleece with a good "lee : of mutton. " The sow chosen for breeding should : be selected from the best animals in the best available herd in the larmer's neighborhood. . _ . - - - - ' - : - , I ! i .
