Valentine Democrat. (Valentine, Neb.) 1900-1930, May 19, 1910, Image 7
1' ' - 1t 1 - - + t (0 1 ' 11 p 1LiF \ \ \ / t I I1 . . . I A teffltfl I 1 A. Pleasing Sense tff Health and Strength Renewed and of ° Ease and Comfort " , r follows the use of Syrup : of Figs and Elixir of Senna , as it acts gently on the kidneys , liver and bowels , cleans- ing the system effectually , when con- bilious and colds stipated , or , dispels and headaches. I To get its bepeficial effects , always / , buy the genuine , manufactured by 2 . the California Fig Syrup Co. ; . > t > ! t N. E. Mississippi : $20 an acre buys L 2080 acres good hill land. Ten pay- ; ments. Fine stock or fruit lands. Ike Chase , Moscow , Tenn. WESTE CANADA - - Senator I DoIHver of Iowa , says ? . Tho stream of emigrants from tho United States . i Canada will continuo. " Senator Dolliver recently paid a t I visit Western Canada , ' and says : "There is a Innd hunger tho hearts of Enulibh speaking peo , ple ; this will account for the removal of BO many i Iowa farmers to Canada. Oar peojilo nro pleased with , Its Government and L' . tho excellent adminIs- Y ' tration of lavr. and they aro comins to you in tons of thousands and thbY nro still coming. " , _ lown contributed large 6 , ly to tho 70.0110merl - S can farmers ivlio made Canada g theIr home during 1009. . b Field crop returns alono y ' f. durhtgyearuddedtotaoweaith of ilio country upwards of S - Ali ' OOOOOOoOO & Grain jrrowlnfj. mixed fann arm- ; aro nil profitable. Free Home steads of 10O acres aro to bo ' had in tho very best districts , 'i + ' 1GO aero pre-emptions at $3.00 , c : ; ; ' " por aero within certain areas. i" df ' Schools and churches In every -W' : $ settlement , climate unexcelled , noil tht richest , wood , water and , dbuUUng' material plentiful. -s ; fp , For : particulars to location , low - . . ! : I : : ' . settlers' railway rates and descrip- . . J tivo illustrated " j pamphlet , "Last " " . $ Best West , " and other informa f d1. ) : . tion write to Sup't of Immigra tion. Ottawa. Canada or to tho following Canadian Gov't Agents : ; : E. T. Holmes. 315 Jackson : . St. l'aul,1ina. ( . and J. M. MacLachlun : : Box 110. Wutertown. South Dakota. ( Ut-e address nearest you. ) Please say ' where you saw this advertisement. Ja 1 OPPORTUNITIES. : : Louisiana Plan- \ tations $15 to $25 acre. Hardwood Tim- ber Lands. $8.00 to $14 acre. E. J. Haruley & Son , Lake Providence , La. THE FISST : ! : CLOCKS. : One at Pndmi That "Was "Wonder I of Mechanism. t It was we are told in 1309 that the P first clock known to the world was placed in the tower of San _ Eustargio , lnv Milan. - The greatest astonishment and ad- miration were manifested by crowds who flocked to see the timepiece. In ' 1344 a clock was installed in the pal- i ace of the nobles at Padua. This was a wcnder of mechanism indeed for be- 1 " - : : . . sides indicating the hours it showed the course of the sun , the revolutions , . ' \ . of the plaaets the various phases of the moon , "the months and the fetes of the year. The period of the evolution from the clock to the watch was seventy-one years-not so very long , all things con- sidered - and'the record of the .first watch is 1380. A half century later an alarm . clock . . . . made its appearance. This , we are told was looked upon by the peopTe of that age as "un in strument pr digieux. " The fortunate possessor of this clock was Andrea Alciato a councillor of Milan. The chroniclers have placed on record that this clock sounded a bell at a stated hour , and at the same time a little wax candle was lighted automatically. How this was done we are not told but it must not be over- looked that until about seventy years ago we had no means of obtaining a light other than the tinder box , so that the Milanese must have been cen turies ahead of us in this respect. . Not much progress was made with the watch until 1740 when the second hand was added.-London Globe. r - . Browning. , Browning lent Lord Coleridge one of his works to read , and afterward , meeting the poet the lord chief justice said to him : "What I could/understand I heartily admired , and parts ought to be immortal. But as to much of it I really could not tell whether I ad- mired It or not , because for the life of me -I could not understand it. " Browning replied : "If a reader of your caliber understands 10 per cent of what I write I think I ought to be , , s content. " _ , Wanted lUone , . ' . Warden-You'll get six months , for this job. Prisoner-Just my blooming luck. Only had my hair cut last night Threepence chucked away as you might say.-Illustrated Bits. Mrs. Wlnslow's Soothing Syrup for children teething , softens the gums re- duces Inflammation , allays pain cur < " wind colic. 25c a bottle * . Battle On. "What's causing all that racket In ' there ? " asked the business caller , paus ing at the door of the office. "Couple o ' agents tryin' to sell the boss two different' kinds o ' 'cyclope- dias , " said the office boy. Bahy Wasted to a Skeleton. : "My little son , when about a year and a half old , began to , have sores come out on his face. I had a physi- I cian treat him , but the sores grew worse. Then they began to come out on his arms , then on other parts of his body , and then one came on his chest worse than the others. Then I called another physician. Still he grew worse. At the end of about a year and a half of suffering he grew so bad that I had to tie his hands in cloths at night to keep him from scratching the sores and tearing the ilesh. He got to be a mere skeleton , and was hardly able to walk. "My aunt advised me to try Cuti- cura Soap and Cuticura Ointment. 1 sent to a drug store and got a cake of , Cuticura Soap and a box of the Oint- ment and followed directions. At the end of two months the sores were all well. He has never had any sores of any kind since. I can sincerely say : that only for Cuticura my child would have died. I used only one cake of Cuticura Soap and about three boxes of Ointment. "I am a nurse and my profession brings me into many different fam ilies and it is always a pleasure for me to tell my story and recommend Cuticura Remedies. Mrs. Egbert Shel- - don , R. F. D. 1 , Litchfield Conn. , Oct. 23 , 1909. " . How to COOK Potatoes. Most people know potatoes as boiled baked and warmed over. Plain boiled and mashed for variants on the first ; creamed and fried "on the last , and nothing you can do to a baked 'potato , if properly baked , can improve it. _ Baked potatoes are more easily digested than if cooked in any other way , but to be at their best should be subjected to a heat sufficient to crisp the skins without burning them. A potato baked in a slow oven is not equal to one from a good hot one. Baked potatoes are the proper thing to serve'with cold meats. Se- lect smooth , medium sized potatoes , and time the baking so they will be just done , not over-baked and soggy , when the meal is served. A baked potato should be eaten at the psy- . chological moment. ' Boiled potatoes should be cooked slowly in a covered kettle. Most cooks advise putting them into boil- ing salted water. Harper's cook book , compiled by some of the most famous domestic experts in the coun- try advises putting them into suffi- cient cold water to cover them and adding' more as necessary. When done , pour off the water and let them stand , partly covered , till dried off , shaking the kettle occasionally. To let them stand in the water after they are done is to sroil them. If dinner is delayed fold a clean towel and lay over the potatoes instead of the lid ; this will keep them hot and in good condition for some time. Every tramcar in Belfast has written in large letters just over the step at each end of the car : "The lifeboat rule is wom en and children first. , . Some Sweet Day : : _ - . ; r"ng . --h'-- = . ! O- = : : . . : . . . . . . . . - -.Zw- ' . . . . . , , . . ; : You may be served C.L _ . . . _ - . ; . . . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . . : : - - with so r 8 i f Post Toasties . t ST6o IM OhtiD ; Sr47i { yjrR eft II / o ii : ; % //'I , , and Cream. ft' ' / ' ; I' I Then you will know y ? 4 lr 1 , what a dainty tempt- - . < : ; ; r ; ing food you have been i POs A Compound turn of Indian _ _ Co ; n , Sugar and Salt f I missing. . . . . . _ - - - mn.tl. _ --a. . . al , ! nau.s.ti . . Ca - , - , . . Limited , _ . . , , _ I' y : A a Every fri en- serving wins / , / . " 1/ ' . ' pop lar kg.l0C. " " 1/.r . i ; Family Size 15c. "The , Memory Lingers" ' i' - Sold by Grocers. ? ; - r- " . . , . , Postum Cereal Co. , Ltd. , - Battle Creek , Mich. i . -i . . : , . . . . ° t ir'Y J Fk4S , . r * A General Purpose Poultry House. This building is 14 feet wide and can be as long as desired , adding an- other set or sets of rooms and sheds at one or both ends. The construc- tion Is simple , but durable. Outside walls are covered on outside and in- ' side with light weight prepared roof- Ing , placed on cheap lumber.- Plaster board may be substituted for the in- side. Studs are 2x2 , and there are two sets ; waterproof paper being placed between them. Thus a double air space is secured. Rafters are of 2x4 , and may be stripped beneath and practically the same construction used as for the sides ; using thicker roofing. So constructed the building will be very warm. Foundation is of stone brick or grout. Floors are of cement , covered with dry sand. Broken stone well tamped as for macadam road is cheaper than cement and makes a fair substitute. The ventilators , be- ing placed In the warmest parts of rooms will draw. Windows have sash i z EXTERIOR VIEW OF POULTRY HOUSE. with some glass , but mostly filled with heavy muslin. This lets in a fair amount of light ; and air enough to prevent dampness. By using two courses of cloth it will be fully as warm as one of glass and insure a dry building. One room has a double row of nests , with wire partition above. : When a hen wants to set her nest isr. . pushed through into small room and if allowed to accumulate , protects the interior parts from the heat of the wire. In order to remove the char- coal the wire must be roughened and moved to and fro lengthwise so that the operation is still a sort of sawing , and the motion and roughening in- crease the , liability to rupture. . Boon to Horwcs. If ; horses had means of expressing their thanks they would probably unite and send a resolution of gratitude to , SECURING PROPER GRADE. . - . . - - - - ' - - - - yn 5 , t I , t s To obtain an even grade in trenches where tiles are to be/laid , stretch lines' across the ditch five feet above the bed. The lines are tied securely to stakes on either side of the ditch. White cotton rope one-fourth inch In diameter is the best kind to make easy sighting. The proper hitch on the stakes is shown in the lower illustrations. In practice a mark can be made on the long handle of the shovel five feet from the point and the sighting done without delay as the work goes on. , - replaced by the one opposite ; the door being closed. A small door leads to an exercise yard. Partition door is open , except when raising dhickens. Scratching sheds have earth floors , and are enclosed by : wire fencing , with doors. In winter muslin can be added making the sheds warm and not ex cluding . the sun. The brooder room has a wood floor. Beneath is a basement for incubator. By a stove in room above and the double flue chimney both can be kept at any desired temperature , and the air pure. A trap door covers stair- way. Basement has windows on both sides. Entrance is from north , while south side is taken up by yards.- Farm , Stock and Home. Trnpnests and Dry Feed. Prof. Chambers referred to in our last issue , ascribes his success to in- telligent feeding , good care and trap- nesting. His hens receive dry feed entirely. He gives a light feed of whole wheat and corn three times a day scattering the grain in the litter. He keeps before his hens all the time in self-feeding hoppers a dry mash made of the following mixture : Pounds. Bran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .200 Alfalfa meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ' . . . . 200 Corn meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 Shorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 Linseed meal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100 Meat , bone and blood . . . . . . . . . . 100 All these are mixed with a little salt and cayenne pepper. Limiting : the Flock. Where the farmer himself works with poultry as he does with hogs or cattle , 200 hens should be the mini- mum limit of the flock , and more than this number can be handled with profit if the farmer understands the busi- ness and has some hired help. Both eggs and market poultry are very high and any farmer can make as much or more from poultry as he can with any other farm animals , if he puts thought and work into the business. Felling Trees by Electricity. According to a statement issued by the Siemens-Schuckert Company of Berlin , the felling of trees by means of wires heated by electric currents , which has been described in various newspapers , cannot be accomplished in . a practical and ' economical manner , for I the following reasons : The wire , to I cut effectively must be very tightly I stretched and it is therefore very li- able to rupture , in consequence of its high temperature. The redhot wire carbonizes the wood , and the charcoal. - - - - - . . a o a 0 q 4 n the Pennsylvania man who invented t h - e horseshoe shown in the sketch. The horse- shoe has a series of parallel ridges on its heel and toe portions. The ridges on the toe _ uU _ _ _ u _ _ _ _ 11.I t portion run IHU.Ul : l ioU the longitudinal axis of the . shoe and those on the heel portion run transversely. These ridges form a se- ries of recesses adapted to receive and retain snow or dirt ; thus forming a bearing surface for the shoe and mak- ing the horse surer of his footing. Running in opposite directions as they do the corrugations act as a sort of brake in whichever way the animal's feet may happen to slip and the whole effect is to prevent snow or dirt "cak- . ing" on the flat of the shoe. jVitrate of Soda. Nitrate of soda being a combination of nitric acid and soda , not only acts chemically on the soil , but the nitro- gen therein contained enters directly into the composition of the plant while the soda is also appropriated by the plant to a limited extent. Nit- rate of soda contains about 17 per cent of ammonia. In buying this ar- ticle the farmer gets a proportion of soda a fertilizer of itself on some crops. It comes from Chili and is known as Chili saltpeter. There is another saltpeter , much higher 'in price , known as nitrate of potash. The Joe Strawberry. The Joe strawberry has had quite ex tensive trail and everywhere made a good record. It is a mid- season to late berry and under favorable conditions grows to the largest size. One berry is recorded as weighing more than two ounces. The plant Is "large and very vigorous and healthy in growth. The berry is regular in shape and among the most beautiful in general appearance. It is also of high flavor. If you have a ; : , -Ki : S - , t' . 1 heavy , rich soil and will mulch the plants well you can raise some prize- winning berries from the Joe. - Orange Judd Farmer. Weight of Feeds by Quarts. Dairymen especially will be inter ested in knowing the weight of the several feeds by quarts , Inasmuch as In compounding dairy rations , the terms are expressed In. pounds : * Cot- ton-seed oil , 1.5 pounds ; linseed meal , old process , 1.1 pounds ; gluten meal , 1.7 pounds ; gluten feed 1.2 pounds ; wheat bran , coarse 5- ! lOths pound ; wheat middlings , coarse , 8-10tha pound ; wheat middlings , fine , 1.1 pounds ; mixed wheat feed , 6-10ths pound ; corn meal 1.5 pounds ; oats , ' 1.2 pounds ; rye bran , 8-lOths pound. Dairying. Dairying in Holland is the principal occupation. The land is worth from $500 to $1,000 an acre , yet the people pay their rents or interest on the In vestment by producing butter and cheese which they place on the Euro- pean market In successful competition with that produced in America on land of less than one-fifth value. : The secret is-efficient cows , excellent care , co-operation and superiority of . . butter . and cheese. " 1 I , , . Fortune of "War " " asked the reporter "But , Senator , , "who Is to pay the cost of placing the country on a complete ! war footing and keeping it there ? " "My dear boy , " said Senator Lots- mun , "It's a tossup between our pos- terity and the posterity some . Euro pean or Asiatic power , and really -doesn't interest us. Try one of these Imported perfectos. " Juvenile 19nor .nee. Tommy - Paw , how much are you worth ? Mr. Tucker-About $4,000 , my son. Why ? Tommy ( after a few moments ol deep thought ) - Paw , how much does the assessor fine you for having all that ? . SCREAMED WITH PAIN. A Terrible Tale of Kidney Su < < erlng- . Charles Easter , East Locust St. , Watseka , 111. , says : "I suffered such severe pain in my back that I actual . I ly screamed and for six months was una ble to sit in a chair. I lost 40 pounds and was so lame I could not wash my face. The kidney secro- tions were of a whit- ish color and often suppressed. After doctoring .and using different remedies T ! _ _ _ > _ _ .n , . 1 began with Doan's Kidney i'ms. 1 \ gained gradually and was soon cured The cure is permanent. " Remember the name-Doan's. For sale by all dealers. 50 cents a box. Fpster-Milburn Co. , Buffalo , N. Y. Everyday ; Philosophy. What though your schemes have all gone wrong For Fortune is naught but a flirt ; Go trudging along with a cheerful song And a smile that conceals the hurt Deafness Cannot be Cured by local applications , as they cannot reach the diseased portion of the ear. There Is only one way to cure deafness , and that Is by constitutional remedies. Deafness Is i , caused by an Inflamed condition of the mu- cous lining of the Eustachian Tube. When this tube Is Inflamed you have a rumbling sound or imperfect hearing , and when it Is entirely closed. Deafness is the result , and unless the Inflammation can be taken out and this tube restored to its normal condl tlon , hearing will be destroyed forever ; nine cases out of ten are caused by Catarrh , which Is nothing but an Inflamed condition ofthe mucous surfaces. We will give One Hundred Dollars lot any case of Deafness ( caused by Catarrh ) tlmt cannot be cured by Hall's Catarrh Cure. Send for circulars free. F. J. CHENEY & CO. , : Toledo , O. Sold by Druggists , 75c. Take Hall's Family Tills for constipation. A Cautious Judgre. Some there trial years ago was a I for murder in Ireland in which the I evidence was so palpably insufficient I that the judge stopped the case and directed the jury to return a verdict of "Not guilty. " A well-known lawyer , however , who wished to do something for the fee he had received for the defense claimed the privilege of addressing the court. "We'll hear with pleasure Mr. B- , " said the judge ; "but to prevent acci . dent we'll first acquit the prisoner. " -Tid-Bits. , . t u ANOTHER . ; ' WOMAN . CURED , , - By Lydia Eo Pinkham's Vegetable Compound Black Duck Minn. "About , nn.- a year ago I wrote you that I was sick and \I& \ ; . 'l"f" ' : j" " ; " " ; " " ' : . ' ; . ' . . ; I""I'N' . , ; . . , : . . , " . ; could not do any of 4i 1ar ; ! h , , : , , j : , ' i I : . ! j my housework. My ° " j 1 : ! ! ' ! ! cl j : ! i:1 : sickness was called , : ' ; 1 , : . : U ; ; : ; ; ' , I ' ; . " clfi fi : Retroflexion. When H i11 ! ' ; m , : 1 would sit down I riL , 'Hi ; felt as if I could not Wi ! : . . : ! 11i pet . up. I took : Wi . ; . : . : . : . ! . : . . . . . ; . ' . 1 . . . : . . ; : . . : ! . Lydia E. Pinkham's . : j' . ' . . . ii , . : , : , ; : , . , . . . . . : : : . , . : ; . ; . . ! . . ! . .1..1 : ; : ! . Vegetable Com. ' . ; : ; ; : : ; . ; ; . . , : ; ; : : ; : : : ; \:0 \ : ; : ' " " " ' ; ' ; " : " ; ; . 1"1 ; : ; ; ; . ; .i : : : ; , ; ; ! ' : ; ; : , : pound and did just : " rr ; s . : : : - - : : ; 1i1mw ! as you told me and . - ' " ' \ . z now I am perfectly -r' . < < cured , and hava a . . big baby boy. " - . Mrs. ANNA ANDERSON , Box 19 , Blade Duck , Minn. : Consider This Advice. No ! woman should submit t'o a surgi cal operation , which may mean death , until she has given Lydia E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound made exclusive ly from roots and herbs , a fair trial This famous medicine for women has for thirty years proved to bo the most valuable tonic and invigorator the female organism. Women resid . . ing in almost every city and town in. the United States bear willing testi- mony to the wonderful virtue of Lydia. E. Pinkham's Vegetable Compound. It cures female ills , and creates radi- ant , buoyant female health. If you are ill , for your own sake as well as those you love , give it a trial. Mrs. Pinkham , at Lynn , Mass. , invites all sick women to writ her for advice. Her advice is free , . . 1 and always helpful. W. L. DOUGLAS , SHOES $5 , S4 , $3.50 , $3 , . $2.50 & : $2 : THE'STANDARD FOR 30 YEARS. . . ' . - , i = Millions of men wear f - - W. L. Douglas shoes beb " : : r.r C cause they are the low- \ , . . . , est prices , quality con- . . , sidered , in the world. , ' > ; " .t W.-- ' Made upon honorof the ' ; / : \ , . best leathers . , by the ' , . % . , . ; , " , . " , . , . . , most skilled workmen , < : ? 1It ! ( hfy ' \ \ " " in all the latest fashions. . , . . . , .r . ; . . . . , . . . " , . . . / . . : - W. L. Douglas I $5.00 ! hp ; , , fiwr ; ' w : ' and $4.00 ahoea equal ; ; . [ j : : : Custom Bench Work J'qf : : : ' . : ; costing $6.00 to $8.00.I : . . I : : ; " ? ' h . " , . : : : Boys'Shoes , $3$2.5U&$2 . . . . " ' . ! t.l' , , , , W. I , . Doupfas pnnrantpf th ! ' lr value by stamplngr his ! n:1111'1111 : rnce on tho bottom. Look tor ls . 'JL'iikc Jfo SiiliHtitntf. Pint Color ElIrtI. . Anky , mr leiiIerforW. ! . . Poiiislmi shOl' ! ' . If not" . forsaje in your town writ e for Mail : : ( tnlerCataloffjnovr- 1ns how to order by mall. Shoes ! ordered direct from. . factory delivered free. \YiT . I > ou > : las. Hrockton , Mail. J - p ' \Vats on E.Coj mnn , \V8lbo- PATENTS . D.C. Bookfrte. Al h. - est references. .Best rwulta. Sore II afflicted J Eyes , wifb use THOMPSON'S fYf W IIH : S. C. N. U. - No. 21. - 1910. . . . Remedies are Needed Were we perfect , which we are not , medicines would not often be needed. But since our systems have be- come weakened , impaired and broken down through indiscretions which have gone on from the early ages , through countless generations , remedies are needed to , .aid Nature in correcting our inherited and otherwise acquired weaknesses. To reach the seat of stomach . weakness ' and consequent digestive troubles , there is nothing so g . od as Dr. Pierce's Golden Medical Discov- ery , a glyceric compound , extracted from native medic- inal roots-sold for over forty years with great satisfaction to all users. For' "Weak tornach , Biliousness , Liver Complaint , Pain in the Stomach after eating , Heartburn , Bad Breath , Belching of food , Chronic Diarrhea and other Intestinal Derangements , the "Discovery" is a time-proven and most efficient remedy. The genuine has on its outside wrapper the Signature , . - You can't afford to accept a secret nostrum as a substitute for this non-alco- , holic , medicine OP KNOWN COMPOSITION , not even though the urgent dealer may. thereby make a little bigger profit. Dr. Pierce's Pleasant Pellets regulate and invigorate stomach , liver and boR c1s. Sugar-coated , tiny granules , easy to take as candy. . . . . . ' - , A Storekeeper Says : . " A lady came into my store lately and said : " ' I have been using a New Perfection Oil Cook-Stove all winter- in my apartment. I want one now for my summer home. I think these oil stoves are wonderful. If only women knew what a. comfort they are , they would all havo one. I spoke about my stove to a lot , - . of my friends , and they were aston ished. They thought that there was . - , ' . . - - smell and smoke from an oil stove , and - ' * " " ' . that it heated-a room just like any other stove. I told them of my experience , 3 and one after another they got one , and . : - 1- now , not one of them would give hers . . up for five times its cost. ' " The lady who said this had thought ° ' r E an oil stove was all right : ! for quickly heating milk for a baby , or boiling a kettle of water , or to make coffee _ I ' - I . quickly in the morning , but she never " ' dreamed of using it for difficult or I heavy cooking. Now-she knows. 1 : 1 ; t Do you really appreciate what a New - Perfection Oil Cook-Stove means to you ? No more coal to carry , no more coming to the dinner table so tired out that you can't eat. . Just lizht a Perfection Stove and Immediately the beat from an intense blue flame shooti . CaaUonary Rote : Be sure tIp to the b ' * tons of pot , kettle or oven. But you Ed this Btovc-nee 'the room isn't heated. There is no smoke no that the Dame-plate smell , no outside heat , no drudgery in the reada " New Perfection. . kitchen where one of thea stoves is used. . . NeiV PefO Cootesiofgr , It has a Cabinet Top with a shelf for keeping plates and food hot. The , nickel finish , with the bright blue of the chimneys , makes the stove ornamental ; ' and attractive. Made with 1 , 2 and 3 burners ; the 2 and 3-burner stove . can be had with or without Cabinet. A Every dealer everywhere ; if not at yours , write for Descriptive Circular . to the nearest agency of the - _ . 1 Standard Oil Company , t ( Incorporated ) - . - . . - , t . " " , . ' - . . - - . . . - - - . . - . _ . . . . . 1 t t- . :