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ORTH of the Arctic circle , north of the lands where any tree
will grow , live a race of furry-trousered little men-and , for
N the matter of that , women ; for ' there the ladies wear the
breeches in more sense than one. The Eskimo averages some-
thing under 5 feet 5 inches in height , has a merry little flat
face , with high , prominent cheekbones , and eyes slightly up-
turned at the outer corners , betraying Mongolian origin.
He rarely grows any hair on his face but makes up for it by a plentiful
mop of dark black hair on his head. The ladies-especially the young ones-
do theirs in a most elaborate and very stiff topknot. As to complexion it
. , . ' is so very rarely that one really sees an Eskimo's complexion that it is hard
to define. As a matter of fact , his real coloring is about that of an ordiinary
gypsy ; but he is usually disguised under a thick coating of smoke from
blubber-oil lamps , combined with the accumulation of years of happy un-
,
washedness.
Now that the way has been blazed it will be an easy matter to penetrate
the frozen North. The hitherto locked door to the land of perpetual ice and
anow has been opened. The world greets the announcement with acclaim.
. New space has been added to the world's mapped areas. Civilization will
march on. All nations join in rejoicing-all except one , the most vitally in-
v' ? ' ' , terested. The Eskimo , native of the land of snow and ice , does not welcome
: the white man's coming. , Beside his igloo he sits and listens to the tribal
II- rumors of the coming events. He hears the weird , garbled tale of how a
"civilized man , " a "kabhena , " has reached the North Pole. He hears that
, : ' , -other white men will come after him. And he sits and grieves for his
people ; for the advance' of the white man means to him only what it has
. . ; , meant to all the primitive people who thus have been "discovered"-ex-
. .
. ; ' , .ermma Ion.
"
: Civilisation of "South" Not Wanted.
"Civilization of your kind we do not want " says the Eskimo to the ex-
: ' plorer or missionary. "It is good , perhaps , for you and for your countries.
It is not good here in the North. We cannot live under it. As we live now
so must we live if we are to exist. It is our life ; and life is good here '
. ' among these ice cliffs when it is lived in our own way. We are content.
So have our forfeathers lived from time Immemorial. And so will we live
as long as we remain on earth. Force us to live as you live , make us accept
, , your civilization , and we perish. We have seen it. We know what it does
: : ' . . to us. It kills the Eskimo. Leave us to our ways , leave us to our country
. : or the Eskimo will be wiped off the face of the earth. " Such is the Eski-
; : : mo's reception of the great news. It Is something like a shock to our self-
- . ' satisfaction and \opinion \ that our civilization is best for all people whether
' ; they like it or not.
.
The Eskimos are essentially a coast race , and it is rare to find a colony
of them even as much as sixty miles from the shore. For they have one
great and continual problem to face-the question of food. Their bare ex-
istence depends on keeping the storehouse filled by trapping and hunting and
fishing. For when the long six months' Arctic night sweeps down and bliz
, zards which no man can face and remain alive rage for days-even weeks-
'
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, The admirers of the American
' Beauty rose are legion ; its career of
conquest has been well-nigh as wide as
that of the American girl herself ; yet
not one in a thousand of those who
have looked with admiration at'this
queen among flowers realizes that the
rose had its birth in the Capital City
e , of the nation , says the Washington
"s' Post.
The life of the American Beauty as
we know it is only twenty-eight years
long. It was not until 18S1 that the
rechristened blossom was put upon
the markets as the American Beauty
rose. George Bancroft , the great
American historian and diplomatist ,
stood sponsor for the flower , and the
real ! father of the rose was the distin
guished scholar's gardener , John
Brady , who is still in Washington.
In addition to his fondness for let-
ters , Mr. Bancroft had a passion for
flowers , and during his service as
American minister to the newly
formed German empire , in the early
seventies , he was not only lionized by
all the literati of the continent , but
was also much sought after by botan-
ists and florists. He visited all the
well known gardens of Germany ,
France and Belgium. He was consult-
ed by all the florists , who presented
him with cuttings of their rarest and
most valuable flowers. Of roses he
had an enormous variety. Most of
.
these he imported to America and
planted in the hothouses of his Wash-
ington home.
Finding that his collection was out-
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l growing the limits of his gardens , de-
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spite the fact that he was constantly
giving specimens away , he transplant-
ed many of his flowers in the garden
of his summer home near Newport ,
R. I. , where , up to his death in 1891 ,
he maintained spacious and luxuriant
gardens , whose extent and beauty were
features of Newport in those days.
His gardener had a hothouse of his
own that he used as a sort of overflow
meeting of the plants from the Ban-
croft gardens. He pointed out to Mr.
Bancroft the excellence of a certain
rose which was fading and which he
feared would die. It has been ru
mored that this plant was first given
to the noted historian by the Emperor
of Germany , but this has later been
denied. To save the plant's life , Brady
took it to his own little hothouse ,
where both he and Mr. Bancroft
thought it would have a better chance
of living than in the more pretentious
establishment of his employer. .
This plant was an obscure rosebush
at first showing signs of vigor but
rapidly failing from some unaccount-
able cause. It was said to have been
originally a French rose , and this
theory of its nationality is borne out
by its name , La , Madame Ferdinande
Jamin. It had found its way to Ger-
many , where it was gradually becom-
ing extinct , and the specimen given to
'r. Bancroft ; by a prominent Hamburg
rose grower is said to have been the
only one In existence at the time.
Brady noticed that it bloomed all
the year round if properly taken care
of , and this he looked upon as a re
deeming feature , for here was a rose
at a time , if the tribal larder is empty , the next summer's sun will shine on
huts and igloos tenanted only by a few shriveled , skeleton-like forms. It Is
a . case of root , hog , or die. .
His house-or igloo , as he calls it-costs him nothing but a little trouble. ,
First , he scoops out a big circle in the snow , eighteen or twenty feet across
and two or three feet deep ; round this he builds a wall with blocks of ice
or frozen snow gradually sloping inward until the whole has assumed a
beehive shape. The cold freezes the blocks together as fast as they are
placed in position , and any cracks or crevices are plastered with snow and
hermetically sealed. He leaves a small opening in his beehive just large
enough to crawl through , and builds on to this a 'long tunnel-like passage ,
and at the end he makes a sharp right-angle turn. This is the front door.
Inside the igloo he builds raised sleeping benches , or seats of honor-
banks of snow a couple offeet high , covered with skins the richness and
quantity of which depend on his social standing. For light he has small
troughs full of blubber or seal oil with a floating wick , and the . result is a
good deal more comfortable than it may sound. But when a whole family
-and possibly a few of the neighbors-have been having a prolonged feast
inside and the tunnel of the front door is packed with snarling , fish-devour
ing "huskie" dogs , a European visitor might think that a dash of eau-de-
cologne would improve the atmosphere.
Mr. and Mrs. Eskimo and Master and Miss Eskimo wear their clothes I
very much as they wear their skins , and change them about as often. These I
clothes consist mostly of soft underskins , worn with the fur inside. i Then
breeeches and tunic of heavier , coarser skins , worn fur outermost , and skin
boots and moccasins. Their furs are beautifully cured and dressed ; the
sewing is done With fishbone needles and strong , fine sinews for thread ; and
some of the embroidery work-especially on the young ladies' tunics-is ex
tremely clever.
The Eskimo is , above all things , a hunter , on both land and sea. If he
is going to hunt in his kayak , or small skin boat he crawls out of his front
door with his weapons , calls up the leader of his dog team , and gives him a
sound thrashing as a preliminary. This is not done out of cruelty. It is
merely as a gentle reminder to the leader that he is in charge of the rest of
the team , Mrs. Eskimo and the family in general until the moment of his
lord and master's return.
The Eskimo's Daring on Water.
To see an Eskimo in his kayak in a heavy sea is to see an exhibition of
the most perfect daring and watermanship conceivable. The kayak is merely
a frail framework covered with skins , in shape not unlike an elongated Rob
Roy canoe. There is one small opening in the middle , just big enough for
him to sit in and paddle , and a skin apron which he can tie around him-
self. In this craft he will face a sea that a whaleboat couldn't look it , and
to turn completely over and come up again smiling and buoyant is quite a
common trick with him. When he is after seal or sea lion in his boat he
watches his chance and then throws his harpoon , which has a long rawhide
line and a bladder attached. The bladder acts as a drag on the animal's
movements , and also acts as a guide for the hunter , enabling him to follow
the wounded seal and dispatch it with his lance when it is tired.
Some Eskimos have a very cunning way of harnessing their dogs. Each
one of a team of seven , say , is harnessed to a separate trace , and all the
traces are of different lengths the leader's being the longest. He starts off
and the others , seeing him apparently running away , at once give chase to
try to nip a bit out of him-each dog tugging at his trace to try and get
a chew out of the next ahead ; the only result of course , being that they
put in a fine amount of work on the sledge , and the cunning Eskimo goes
on his way rejoicing. The leader of the pack has to fight the other dogs ,
to lick them into order ; to hearten up the malingerer on the trail with
tooth and claw ; to choose the path over dangerous ice ; and to safeguard the
house in his master's absence. Instances are by no means rare of a team
leader , grown old in harness , dying of a broken heart after being denied his
place in the traces.
The life of an Eskimo hunter is hard and bitter , but it makes of him the
grim , tough , indomitable little man who has helped to carry many white ex
peditions successfully toward the pole , and to whom many a starving , frozen
crew from an ice-nipped whaler owe a debt of gratitude.
\ 80kW/N WAHINTO tlte DAcr
AMERICAN BEU1XJWL .
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which would bear flowers at any sea-
son of the year , whereas most roses
bloom only once a year. Then the
gardener's eye was pleased by the rich
red color of the blossoms.
After nursing the rosebush carefully
Brady succeeded in developing the
plant to a fairly hardy state , where
the excellent qualities of the rose could
be studied. Its large size inspired him
to call the attention of a number of
gardeners and florists to the Madame
Ferdinande Jamin , the beautiful large
red rose , with its vigorous thorned
stem and its perennial blooming.
Among the local growers to whom
Brady showed his prize were two
brothers named Field. George Field
met Brady in the street one day , in
1881 , and offered to buy some roses
for him. Field called at Brady's hot-
house , and finding that the gardener
was not at home , offered to buy some
of the plants from his wife. To this
offer Mrs. Brady willingly acceded ,
and he purchased half a dozen of the
rose bushes at $3.50 ea h. Both par-
ties to the exchange were pleased , but
there was no pleasure in Brady's mind
when he returned home and was told
of the sale. He was indignant , and Im
mediately began the "war of the
roses , " declaring that his wife had
I
thrown away a fortune for a bagatelle.
After nearly thirty years of fighting
the rival claimants bid fair to carry
their contention to the grave.
The verbose name of the forgotten
French lady did not please the new
owners , so the Fields changed it to
'that which it now bears. The renam-
ing of the plant was a good stroke ,
and the title chosen for it was exceed-
ingly happy. Under the tender care
of Brady the plant had so developed
that the original owners of the Mad
ame Ferdinande Jamin could scarcely
have recognized its modern descend-
ant , the American Beauty.
The money they realized was by no
means sufficient to make the rose well
known and popular. , Their market was
limited , and after several years of cul-
tivating it they decided to sell the
, American Beauty to a wealthy pro-
moter who offered to buy the sole
rights in it. They sold their every
interest in the matchless rose for an
amount estimated at 50000.
Tfce American Beauty , put OK the
national market in 1886 , luts maS.-
tained , unfailingly its unrivaled popu-
larity. Growers and fanciers , amateur
and professional , all over the country
and Europe sent prepaid orders for as
many as they could get. To-day there
is no monopoly on the rose and it is
for sale by all florists.
SNAKE IN HER WORKBAG.
Mrs. Perry Smith , of Paris , Mo. , pre-
pared to do some sewing and went up-
stairs to the room of her daughter for
the latter's workbag. The bag , with
the mouth almost drawn to by : the
gathering string , hung near an open
window , and Mrs. Smith sat in a chair
and placed it in her lap. One opening
the bag she discovered a big black-
snake coiled cozily in the bottom. The
snake : started to crawl out , but she hit
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it on the head with her scissors , and
then she drew the gathering strings
tightly together , carrying Mr. Snake
downstairs and called Mr. Smith to
dispatch him , not becoming frightened
until all danger had passed. The
snake measured four feet in length.
Why do actors so often wear long
hair ? Perhaps this is the reason :
There once was a statute in England
under which actors found wandering
were liable to be branded through the
right ear. The long hair concealed
the decoration , and thus the custom
was started.
\ Ecuador exports about 20,000 tons
of vegetable ivory annually , of which
Germany takes about one-half and the
United States one-fourth.
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1 SPAIN'S EXECUTION OF EEEEES AND ECS POLITICAL SIGNIMCANC1
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PROP. FRA\ICISCO F'ERRER. : _
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and juaies was one of the chief leath
KIXO ALFONSO.
- ers of an angry crowd of 10,000 per-
sons whom the police had difficulty to restrain. That the putting to death
of Ferrer was a political mistake on the part of the Spanish government la
apparent , for thereby a storm has been raised which it will be difficult
to quell.
Ferrer was formerly a director of the Modern School of Barcelona , and
was repeatedly accused of teaching revolutionary doctrines. In 1906 he was
arrested , charged with complicity with Manuel Morales in the attempt upon
the life of King Alfonso , on the day of the royal marriage. On trial Ferrer
was acquitted.
On Sept. 1 last he was arrested , charged with having incited the riot
ing which occurred in Barcelona last summer. This outbreak , which spread
through the Catalonian provinces , was in the nature of a protest against
the sending of Spanish troops against the Moors on the Riff coast , and for a
time assumed alarming proportions. Ferrer was tried by court-martial and
found guilty. King Alfonso was appealed to to exercise clemency in his
behalf , but refused. He was shot to death at the fortress of Montjuich , ia
Barcelona.
1 WHERE THE
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T I a:1 - 15 SACRfD .
0 AMERICAN merchants Siam is becoming much more than a
T mere name in the geography. To manufacturers and exporters
T
the land of the sacred elephant is developing as a trade cen-
ter and wise dealers are learning that there is good opportunity
. 1 in the Oriental kingdom to sell their
1 ! products most profitably.
- - The Siamese are sticklers for goods "as advertised. " They
will not take anything that is "just as good. " They insist
upon the original "trade-mark blown in the bottle , " and the merchant who
attempts to substitute will find his market gone beyond redemption. And
this demand extends to the minutest detail.
For many years quinine pills of a certain color , made by an American
firm , have been sold by the medical missionaries in the north of Siam , and
now the people in that part of the country cannot be induced to take any
substitute that differs in the slightest way from what they have been ao-
customed to buy.
That Siam is developing as a field for all sorts of American products
is evidenced by the fact that machine
plows made in the United States are
finding a profitable market in the kingdom.
Makers of mining machinery and tools of every description will be in-
terested to know that there is likely to be an increasing market for their
products. Bordering the north of Siam
upon are the Southern Shan State .
A company has recently been organized in Burma for the purpose of ol -
taining certain mineral concessions in these States. These concessions in-
clude a prospecting license , conferring the sole right to prospect for mIn-
erals and mineral oils for a period of four
years , with the option of ex-
tending the time for a further period of four years , over an area of about
6,000 square miles. Already the English are alert to the possibilities and
British merchants and manufacturers are preparing to invade the territory.
As a commercial prospect for Americans the kingdom of Siam Is at
tractive. The difficulty is with the clima-te : , and only those who are physically-
fitted to endure a hot climate and Oriental methods of living should risk
res
idence in that place. There is considerable danger of exposure to epidemics.
In fact , the danger is so common that it is always to . be expected.
SPLINTERS.
Head gear - Mental adjustment.
Up and doing-Painting a tin roof.
It is better to be satisfied with a
little than to lose all.
Those who jump at conclusions usu-
ally find they have jumped too soon.
They say that love will find a way
but some old maids think it is a long
time getting busy.
It is a whole lot easier to count your
friends when you are broke than when
you are prosperous
The best known Socialist In Eu-
rope and the leader of his party In
the French Chamber of Deputies la
JI. : Juares , who predicts that the ex
ecution in Spain of Prof. Francisco
Ferrer , who was convicted of foment
ing the recent revolt in Barcelona ,
will lead to revolution in King Al-
fonso's domains. The execution of
Ferrer has aroused bitter feelings
among the Socialists all through
Europe England itself not being an
exception , and demonstrations of
protest have been made in many
cities. In Paris an attempt was
made to mob the Spanish embassy
. . .
PROGRESS OF THE DAY.
Greece raises 150,000 tons of CUI"
rants yearly.
Kaiser William is an extensive shog
owner in Berlin.
, The threads of Japanese screws nu
the opposite way from ours.
Budapest has a school where the stf *
dents are taught the art of eating.
A human hair of average thlckne
can support a weight of 6 % ounces.
A gas-driven street car will soon
in operation on the streets of ,
. York.
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