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About Valentine Democrat. (Valentine, Neb.) 1900-1930 | View Entire Issue (Oct. 21, 1909)
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' ' ' - . ' . . . . " . " - . . - . - ' ' - . . ; ' - ' . . . , ' ' ' - - . - " " ' ' - - - . " . ; . . . . . . . , - ; , : . . . . ; . . . . . . . . , . . " . . . . . . . ' ' . . . . ; : ; : : . , . . , . : : , , . " . ; .p'I" . ' . - . : - ---.t - " . _ I . - - - - - - - : i ' - t. _ _ . _ _ I ' . . . . .1. 'j j-.7.-t 'l'.t r- T-W ' - . ; _ , , . , MANNER IN WHICH THE AIR SUPPORTS THE AEROPLANE , SHOWN DIAGRAMMATICALLY IN THREE STAGES-ON THE GROUND , LEAVI NG THE GROUND AND IN FLIGHT. : The difficulty of keeping on a straw hat when motoring or driving may help to illus- trate the first principle of governing the aeroplane , says the London Sphere. Setting out on a calm day , it will be found that : the current of air rushing against one's hat increases with the speed of the car , and further , it will be noted that the tendency of this horizontal current of air is to lift the hat upward off one's head. The rim of the hat is usually tilted at a slight angle , and it is in effect a kind of aeroplane. The greater the speed at which . it is moved through the air the grea.ter is the uplifting pressure of the air against it. This upward reaction of the air gives support to every flying machine. Experimenters first de signed gliding machines of light weight and with large bearing surfaces , and to gain the necessary : support from the air they leaped off hills or ran down inclines. When the proper speed was attained the machine rose in the air. Thus gliding was accomplished. . Be ' it noted that for/gliding machines man has departed from the bird type with flapping wings. The gliders and the glider aeroplanes have fixed planes. . But it was soon found that these glides could only be of short duration , for the forward speed of the machine rapidly declined , and thus the upward supporting. pressure . of the air diminished. In the ssme way , when the speed of the motor car declined there would be less difficulty in keeping one's straw hat on. It was obvious that there shjould . be an arjificial propelling force to keep up the velocity of the nlachine. This idea was tested with models by shooting them from catapults and other devices , and is still em- ployed for toys and demonstration purposes. A bullet shot from a gun is also in effect a flying ; machine , the enormous velocity , imparted to it enabling it to make a long flight through the air. As centinuous velocity was essential , it soon became evident , however , that the best way of maintaining : the velocity of a flying body was to have this propulsive power pro . , U \ vided ! on board of the vessel itself. Experiments made with the propellers mounted . on motor cars showed that a good speed could be obtained from a vehicle running on the . . . road by fitting it with aerial propellers. Acting on the air , the screws move the whole ap paratus forward just as a ship's propellers drive it through water. Airship propellers could thus be. tested for their efficiency by use on road vehicles , and the method well illus- trates the suitability of the air as a medium in which to use propellers. - 'n _ _ _ _ _ # H\ . j I \ - . . - . . ' . . Ii - : \ - PJ , . ) K . " . . - ' " I ° : z , \ . . . : : . . . e ' - \ . . ' .ttJ1 1 Ii . . \ . / - { ' - . . - ' . , . . " , : . . ' : , - : . : i . . , ' " _ , . . : . . . ' . . , . ' " 1- % : . ; ' - : : . . ? d I . - ' . . ' ( I . / . /iLj - ; - : PIMiLj ; . . . ftMIId1t % \ I 2 . V ? t S. ' . , 1it ' ilPin ; Q' 4. ( / ' Ii' IbratItoJ2gft.a ' I . I ' ' I//i / , C , s * ' I/ / ' . \ . ' " / J , ' . . . . -t. . . . . . . - ' I 4 I . 'z2' i , . OW much money can a woman spend ? We dare H I anybody to give us a few millions of dollars and - , _ ' - - ' - . , . , j let us find out , writes . . 1- _ * ' Mine. Qui Vive in the _ _ _ _ Chicago Record-Herald. . How much money is a woman likely . to spend ? All that she doesn't save , . and saving isn't her particular spe . cialty or profession. Is it important . that she shall spend $40,000 a year : on silky raiment , fine feathers , tootsie- I , coverings of gold and bronze , silk ho- - . o siery and sweet nothings of lace with < ribbons run through ? It may be im - . : : ' portant , but to most of us it's not " , . : : : true. Mrs. Howard Gould says that . . . . . she requires $10,000 a month , or $120- 000 a year , ins order to live decently as befits a lady of fashion. The news I - of it rather dazed some who have , A' dashed about in grand style and much IA fashion OH. $9 a week , and put money / in the bank during the dashing. _ _ _ _ t't : : If it were not for the women coin- , J flingers , what would become of this great coustry of ours , anyway ? There p would be ne need of tariff discussions _ and the Jafant industries would die i , from lack of nourishment. How many _ _ _ t - \ : : . male shoppers invade the big depart- _ _ _ - ment stores ? A few tImid. mouselike . - , , creatures , who scurry to the neckwear department and out again or who ven ture 'into the maelstrom of skirts and parasols to purchase an occasional pair of . purple sunset socks. If wom en didn't spend , money the merchant would be a rare 'curiosity to be seen only in the dime museum. The small items are , the ones that count up the fastest and count for practically nothing. When a woman gets a hat mad on and flutters into a millinery-shop to go insane for an hour or two , there's no limit to the number of hats she may select. As long as she keeps from fainting she can continue to pick out , even though her hair net may fall by the wayside and her false puffs give up the ghost. At a. fashionable milliner's establish ment few hats are listed under $40. A single plume may cost $200. A wom an can spend $1,000 for skypieces without great fatigue of mind or body. And if she has a fortune she frequent- ly does it. When it comes to jewelry , there is of course no end to the outpouring of gold. Diamonds and pearls , filigree and emeralds , rubles and turquoise all cost real money of large denomina tion. . . For veils and hosiery. handkerchiefs . The last stage was to obtain the gliding machine , mount an engine on this , and set it , to drive one or more propellers. The action of the screw was to force the machine along the ground first , and then as speed increased and air resistance grew greater , the whole apparatus would be lifted bodily off the ground , provided the upward air pressure was able to overcome the downward pressure due to the weight of the apparatus. As long as a certain minimum speed is obtained and a certain minimum air pressure kept up the vessel will move in the air always controlled by two main forces-the downward pull due to gravity and the upward thrust due to the reaction of the air against which the machine is forced. The balance and control of the machine In the air , the action of vary- ing wind currents. etc. , are other important factors , however , which govern the machine in the treacherous aerial sea. ' The methods of control on the various machines show many : differences , but the main functions are much the same. The essentials are : 1. Control of upward and downward steering. 2. Control of side steering. 3. Control of the engine. 4. Balancing. Levers are generally employed , butin some cases wheels serve to govern the various organs , and pedals are used in a few instances also. In the biplanes the rudder or elevator for up and down steering is placed in front , whilst in the monoplanes it is usually in the rear. The rudders for steering from side to side are generally at the rear. In the Wright machine they are coupled up with the balancing device which warps the main planes. Machines of the Voisin type are not provided with balancing devices worked by the driver , as they have automatic stabilizers in the shape of a box tail and vertical side panels between the main planes. Most of the monoplanes have balancing devices under the driver's control. Engine control very often merely consists of a device for cutting off the ignition and thus stopping the engine. This , in manY4 cases , takes the form of a wire or loop near the aviator's -hand , so that he can instantly stop the motor. I _ ! ' C- I _ _ _ _ , \ \ and gloves a woman can spend a for- tune every year. A pair of corsets of good make will cost $25 and no cor set is considered' fit to wear after a month or six weeks - that is , by the coin-distributor who loves to let the money fly away or fly by , as the case may be. Handkerchiefs must be edged with real lace , gloves must be of the finest quality and discarded instead of cleaned , hosiery must never be worn after a toe has peeked through or a i heel has developed little windows. Undermuslins must be handmade , trimmed with real lace edge or done with finest hand embroidery. Negligee flutters and frills can be most expen- sive , and dressing robes and kimonos are no trifling matter. - Mrs. Howard Gould isn't the only woman of extravagant tastes. There are others , and we hear about them frequently. Miss Guilia Morosini , the New York girl of prominence , says I that she cannot dress well on less than $200,000 a year. It was a common . report that she spent half that amount i for gowns for the horse show one I . year. : year.Mrs. ' Mrs. Russell Sage is another money ' flinger. It is said that her husband earned $3,000 a day , and she has been giving money away at the rate of $5,000 a day , going him $2,000 better. In one year she donated $14,000,000 to charity. At the d ath of her husband Mrs. Sage was estimated to be worth $100,000,000. The Gould family con- trols $80,000,000. Mrs. Hetty Green's fortune ranges between $50,000,000 and $60,000,000. Once again : How much money can a woman spend ? The reply to the problem is : First show us the wom an. There are Katherine Goulds and there are Hetty Greens , the spend- thrifts and the misers. What would bring joy to Mrs. Gould would create misery in the thrifty soul of Het. The talent of one is to waste and the abil ity of the other is to save. Few women can say how much money a woman can spend. The ma- jority have never had a chance to find out. Perhaps it is just as well since the genuine supreme ecstacy of ex travagance is /to / buy something you don't need when you cannot possibly afford it. Yes ? The use of chlorine in the propor- tion of five parts to one million , ac cording to the Geological Survey , will practically disinfect ordinary sewage. The tungsten incandescent lamp is the first artificial light by which all colors can be distinguished. . GUNNER BLOWN : TO PIECES AT A CANNON'S MOUTH. Standing dn front of an old-fash ioned brass cannon , ramming the wad- ding down , Paul Paulson , a member of the Escanaba division of the Michigan State naval reserves , was literally blown from the muzzle of the gun when the charge exploded premature ly. The reserves had been called out to attend a celebration given In honor of the organization. the Grangers in that section and were about to fire an honorary salute to Mayor Rose , of Milwaukee : , the principal speaker of the day , when the accident occurred. Fully 10,000 people were in attendance when the tragedy occurred and at least 1,000 of them were eyewitnesses to the deafch of young Paulson. So in- terested did the farmers become in the work of loading the old-fashioned piece that they crowded in among the gun crew and hampered them in their work. Several times they were or- dered back , but without avail. The work of inserting the fuse and prim- ing powder brought many of them so close to 'the breech of the weapon that they crowded about the wheels and powder boxes. Paulson was at the 3 - _ _ , _ /-j \L7 - t. _ , & ' ' 'd il. . . 'i I " 1Ac ' * . , i' , . , , "tn } > * & * > ? : * -555Sa . I muzzle ramming home the wadiing when a criminally careless spectator flicked the ashes from his cigar. There was a tiny puff of flame and smoke as the priming powder Blazed , a deaf- ening explosion and the frightened hundreds saw the gunner fall beneath the cloud of dense white smoke. : HARRIMAN , EPIGRAMS. I have worked hard because I like the doings of things. As I grow older I am beginning to think more of my fellowman. It has always seemed wiser to me to sleep on the roof than in the base- ment. To achieve what the world calls suc- cess , a man must attend strictly to business and .keep a little ahead of the times. Success is the accomplishment of any one task as well or better than the same task can be accomplished by an- other. People seem to take more stock in a man who talks than in a man who' acts. But this is a day devoted to isms , asd 1 will p.a&I I , - , I , KICK SAVES A FARMER'S LIFE. F . _ _ . -.r - ' - - - ' - : - rK : iIIi ' . , . . p. . - . ' \ - ki ' /b , ' ' , , ( ( If- , - ; : I. a . - lay - J. M. Underwood , an Illinois farmer , no doubt owes his life to the presence of mind of A. T. Woodstock , a brake- man on the Chicago , Peoria & St. Louis Railroad. Riding upon the , pi lot of his engine , which was pulling a fast freight train , Brakeman Wood stock was 'horrified ' when he saw the body of a man lying across the rails directly in front of the train as it . rounded the curve. Signaling the en- gineer , who slowed down the train ' with the emergency brakes , he extend- . I ed himself forward on the pilot as far . as possible , and with his foot shoved" : Underwood from the track. When the . train was stopped Underwood was . picked up at the foot of a steep em- bankment. Other than a painfully . bruised shoulder from coming in con- tact with the bra1 ernan's : ; shoe , Under- wood was uninjured. He had missed his train and started to walk home. Becoming tired , Underwood says he sat down on the track to rest , and that is the last he remembers until he ! came to at the bottom of the embank- I : ment. ' I IITTLE CUETAINr LECTURES. I "For heaven's sake , my dear , what ever else you do , don't become stingy ! " "There's something mighty mys- terious about the way you've been act- ing lately , and I'll get to the bottom of it , mark my words , sir ! " . "Do you wantme , to go out with you looking like : a perfect frump and dowdy , or are you going to give me time to dress ? " "I'd like to know , so I would , why it is that some ' women's husbands are glad to take them everywhere with them , while you are forever making up excuses to get out alone ! " "That's it , you heartless brute- laugh ! It just shows how much un derstanding or appreciation you have of the feelings of a woman ! " "Coming home in the car this even- ing an awfully fine-looking middle- aged man , beautifully groomed , kept staring and staring at me , " etc. \ SOME CHANGES DURING ONE HUNDRED YEARS Domestic Duties Have Been Won .j . " , derfully Lightened in the ! ' > . . " Past Century. . r . . ' ' 41- . . . SKILL OF OLD-TIME MATRONS , . , \ - - - - - - - - Our Grandmothers Were CapaUe'oZ Doing Everything , from Making Candles to Spinning Silk. . . . . . To-day the whirr of a thousand looms hum in a spot that once echoed to the treadle of one. The man who sheare his sheep , and his wife who - carded and spun and wove the wool - are asleep on yonder bill. The card- - ers have fallen Into rust , tbe spinning wheel Is silent. Another generation wears woolen garments woven into shape by knitting mills , and fine Un- ens and silks that have come from power looms in mammoth factories. What if the thread Is more brittle and the color less enduring than fingers in the past were wont to spin and dye ? Fair and fine and frail are the. lilies of to-day. The woman who wears them thrusts rosemary out of sight with 2ie r last season's gowns. She does not want the things that en- dure. The woman who by the pressure of an electric button illuminates almost an entire house seldom recalls the- I mE'thod'hich her grandmother em- ployed for furnishing light to her household by means of candles fash ioned by her own hands. She , per- haps , was able to procure beef tallow and wax from the beehives tocked with bees more for the purpose of sup- plying comb than honey-then so largely used in place of sugar. But her mother , doubtless , depended upon the tallow shrub , bayberry bush and candelberry tree to furnish a meager quantity of waxy substance which she might boil to a stiff consistency and into which her row of candle wicks might be dipped. * . The innumerable inventions to sim- " , , plify work in the kitchen , and which to , do practically everything except con- sume the food , -are considered indis- pensable by the modern housewife , but would have been gazed upon with won- dering awe by the housewife of a hundred years ago who thought her- self lucky indeed if she owned a Dutch oven in which to bake he'r cukes and ! brea.l. and a twisting string , clock . jack : or turnspit dog to keep her roast revolving before the fire. Tliini Women IUd 1OO Years Ago. A hundred years have wrought as many changes in other respects. The belle of to-day who numbers her toilet soaps and face powders and creams by the score can scarcely realize that her grandmother made a preparation of starch or eggshells and cologne as a face powder and collected grease and manufactured lye of wood and ashes , with which to boil soft soap for house- hold purposes , some of which was re fined for personal usage. Nor do the families who respond to the call of soft chimes or on announcing butler at the dinner hour think upon the time when tteir anoestors were sum moned by the sound of a drum , a horn , a gun an Iron triangle or a loudly blown conchshell. . ' In the long ago women had few spare hours for idleness for reading or amusement. There were stockings to knit , undergarments to stitch. rugs- to braid and weave , jellies and fruits , ' : pickles and preserves to put up in . . easoI Knitting mills have relieved toiling fingers of the labor of ' con- structing stockings and underwear ; rugs and carpets are wrought cheaply in factories , embroidery is done by machinery , and if a housewife prefers to continue canaing vegetables and fruits for her table the work is made light for her by porcelain lined pre- serving kettles , air tight : , rubber sealed jars , and patent lifters , holders and : ; sealers for filling and sealing the jars with boiHng hot fruit wit& a rapidity . that makes it possible to put up fifty jars of fruit , with less effort than our grandmothers expended to preserve . . five. PIE EATING SNAKE. . - I ; -V4 . - . , . , 0 -f _ - - I . -2 \1 7hi\ - - \ k _ I I On entering the pantry ofIrs. . . Louis Longbrake near Findlay , Ohio Mrs. George Young was horrified to- ' ' $ see a big snake swallowing a pie that . had Just been-set there to cool. Her ; screams were heard by men who were ; near , and they killed the snake . . , ; ; ' -
