? 3 1 * * ' * K < - * % ' " *
1510 'Vr-\ entered the Indian city of
This- : , .
1535 Ca1K- ] -ft his sliSp and proceeded
up Jh < - St. Lawrence in boats.
1G3S DP Vrjos sailed from Holland on
his third expedition to America.
1G71 Me ii.'itors between the colonists
and ; ! K Indians met at Plymouth.
10SU CotiM Frontenac arrived in Can
ada to rr-a snnie the government of
the pro'.nico.
3LC9o The British army adopted the
2.737 The Hebrews disfranchised by a
vote of Jho New York Legislature.
1770 Consre : s appointed Benjamin
Frai.lhr. Silas Dean and Thomas
.TeiTor-on conunissioners to the court
of Fiance _ The new constitution
'
of Pennsylvania was formally pro
claimed.
770 IV.uJ Jones with the Bon Ilommc
, IJicliard captured the British frigate
X7SO AmTK-fins under Gen. Marion attacked -
tacked n party of Tories at Black
Mingo.
2.7SO Samuel Osgood of Massachusetta
been mo Postmaster General of the
United Slates.
180'J First Catholic church in Boston ,
Ma. . $ . . dedicated.
" ISle .i merJcnns defeated the British in
1 ba-ttle of Lake Ontario.
IS15 First daily paper printed at Al
bany. N. Y.
2.S2S A monument was unveiled in
, Charhstown. Mass. , to the memory
of John Harvard.
DLS30 T : " ay between France and Texas
signed a : Paris.
5LS30A Boston merchant paid $020 for
the chore of seats for the first per-
forinanT of Jennj * Lind in that city.
1S5-1 A ri-t jprocity treaty between the
United States and Canada signed by
the governor general United States
sloop Albany sailed from Aspiuwall
and v/as never more heard of.
\ IS55 Tiu fjrner stone of the Masonic
Tempi" was laid in Philadelphia.
1S02 G , > : : . NoKon shot 'by Gen. Jcfr C.
i D.i\is at Louisville.
ISOo Corf "derate trooj.s attacked Gen.
Burnside at Knoxville ;
1S01 Union troops victorious in a con-
flit-t with the Confedei-atc forces at
Ai-ieus. . Ala.
JSor. The Bank of Concord , Mass. ,
robbed of $21)0,000.
ISr.S Gov. Wanuoullfs A'eto of : the
neuro wr.ity bill Avas sustained in the
Lou" > . .iia House Gen. McCIellau
Avoleoi : ed in New York upon his re
turn f : tm Europe. of
IS7U Pie-Id'nt Grant paid a visit to
Boston.
iSS ! > Tije judicial system of the United
State1- tablihhed by act of Congress.
ISOti A ? trike began on the Canadian
Pacih' railway.
3.SOO Na r. ! parade in New York har
bor in honor of Admiral Dewey.
1002 A > T 00,000 fire in Stockton. Cal. age
1004. Earl Grey was appointed governor
general of Canada.
1005 Rob'r : Bacon resigned as director
of the steel trust to become first
As.--iMant Secretary of State Dis-
tistrouliiv in the business section of ite
Bute. Mont. . . .Highest court in
Canada denied the appeal of Greene
and G > yaor against extradition.
1000 Racr- rios continued in Atlanta ;
two u 2roe.s li'iiehed. . . .Mayor Mc- well
< "lellan of New York , announced that
lie \\oi'd ' supiiort William R. Hearst
for Covernor.
Jf. A 3.0C > 7 Ci.n ngiialors were arrested the
f" since
g
PACTS r \ery
In No-.in ; ! to'iniy. Minn. , wheat , has
been tli ! < " -i3Lg ! out 2U bn liels to the acre. bane
J3arle.v . ! . ! . liax are exceptionally good. the
The S > . : : < land depart men t of South
Dakota lii- ; : nide the first offering of
State ] < ! : , < : - hi the old Fort Sully mili the
tary re - : - --on. which \vas praeticaly
all tk < - " 1 ; iln Sute at tlie time it was
throv. n o ; > n : o st'ttfiueut. the
While . . : South Dakota State veteri the
narian i > . i tlu1 government authorities a
are vva < " Uiir tie anthrax .situation in the board
coimtic- if the soutlienstern part of the
'Stat" ' . : ! i " < iwrnor"s olliee yet receiv
ing COH. : . ' . 'r.i in regard to the situation , to
, and J.-ir .io MJ ; something more in the
way of -'ai : i injr ihe < h"ea. . - > e out. All and
such eo. .2 slr.Iats are turned over to the \ears.
offici.iK- . ' ' hve : tl e situation in charge ployed
for in\e- . ? ' : . From ivport.x the indi-
caf'oiis a- ' that tie ! situation in that part
of the S ; r.IP of a Keriotis nature , and of
jvill re.iiii"arefnl ] handling to get the . \
disease - anj > e'i out. labor
The Itu river vallpy is being invaded
bv rep-- ' r.tative ofoed h.itises in the
Southw n'o : are afier the jotatoes i >
TOWII r. ) t'.ii' - . tion Jo use for seed potatoes trict
lli . : ' Kansas.
tatoes - Missouri. Okla- lief
Jioma an'l T---IS.
Follov. ing oa : his declaration of im-
jfniuuity to Jin > OI1 ° defending lives or
property : 'g. < iJ > s-t night riders. Gov. Wil-
eon of kenf-J'-ky granted pardons to Wal vent
ter Duuca'J. " ! ioa.s convicted of shoot ing
ing and killir.t ; N \ \ ! Haxleir at Jackson ing
ville. S'lelh.v county , in June , and Riley 180(5 (
Harrold. v. ho v. ' : > in-Iii-iel as an acces-
'cory ' to i he jjrner ; ! cost
KILLING PHAIRIE DOGS.
Uncle Sam This Year Poisoned
1,000,000 of Them.
Mercilessly , Uncle Sam has been on
the warpath during the summer , and
more wholesale murder has been the
result than at any time in the history
of the country since the ruthless ex
tinction of the buffalo. This savage
warfare has not been waged with pow
der and shot , but with subtle poison ,
and the victims have not been men or
rattlesnakes , but the pretty and appa
rently harmless prairie dogs. For years
the prairie dogs have been the pest of
Western farmers , who have tried , but
ineffectively , to get rid of them. The
Department of Agriculture , quick to
aid the farmer in every possible way ,
took a hand in the matter this sum
mer , and. after trying several other
ways of annihilation , decided that poi
son was the
most practicable means
of ridding the soil of the pests , with
the result that nearly a million vic
tims fell at the hands of the official
executioners.
The prairie dog is a great hindrance
to agriculture. If he chooses a spot
that appears suitable for a pleasant
home , he gathers his kith and kin ,
and in a comparatively short time his
tribe has multiplied at compound
rales until solid acres are not com
modious enough for the family. They
make the soil almost useless. Their
holes are connected by miniature tun
nels , so that , while the ground may
appear solid , it is in reality unsafe
and dangerous to man and beast.
The death of many riders on the
plains is a silent testimonial to the in
iquity of the prairie dog.
The stockmen of the West urged the
Department of Agriculture to take
some measures to check the increasing
annoyances from the dogs , and the re
lentless warfare followed. Range im
provements in national forests is one
of the chief objects of grazing regula
tion , and the forest service w.as'
charged with the work of extermina
tion. The first experiments were made
in parts of Leadville and Pike national
forests , where the prairie dogs popu
lated a territory of 300 square miles.
A dog town of 75 acres' was selected ,
and poison was prepared by coating
wheat with strychnine solution made
alluring by molasses and anise seed , a
combination which no prairie dog /an
resist. This poisoned wheat was placed
at the mouth of each hole , and the men
soon became so expert at their work
that they could ride along on horseback
and drop the death dealer with great
rapidity , ihe dogs ravenously ate the
poiso'ied grain and in less than an
hour 00 per cent of them died. The
crafty ones which escaped the first
feast , or those who were not hungry
at that time , were killed on the second
trip of the foresters , and in a short
time every dog was dead. Next sprang
the forest service promises to go iufo
the Killing business on a larger scale.
it
Utah has organized a State Federation
Labor.
TJie membership of the Cigarmakers'
Union in Porto Rico is more than 3,000.
The Federal High Court , at Sydney.
New South Wales , has declared that the
registration of a trade union label is un
constitutional. ,
The recent Scottish Trades Union Con
gress passed resolutions in favor of old-
pensions and in favor of compulsory
intervention in labor disputes.
S\ . Louis , Mo. , has a man named John
Samuels , who is 02 years of age. and still
takes an interest in organized labor , and of
writes articles for publication , his favor
topic being co-operation.
The Trade Union Congress of England I
passed a resolution asking Parliament to > of
enact a measure under which the organ-
jyers of strike-breaking
movements
, as try
as the men themselves could be prose
cuted.
Until 1001 the United States and Great
Britain had more trade unionists than all
rest of the world put together , but
J0l ( ) the rate of growth of the
unions in France and Germany has been end
marked. to
The eight-hour demonstration in Bris of
, Australia , recently was marked by
participation for the first time in the
history of the day of organized women
workers. The new recruits represented
Clothing Trades Female Employes' fort
Union. ter
School Director Dr. W. G. Weaver of years
Wilkes-Barre ( Pa. ) Stihool Hoard ,
proposes to pension the aged teachers in
employ of the city by appropriating
pension fund of $10.OK ( ) . which the of
save * To the city annually in the name
wlaries. fees and other expenses ; ( he
ican
teachers to contribute their pro rata share
the fund.
In Italy for admission to labor in mines
tunnels the age must be thirteen full army
. when mechanical traction is em two
, and full fourteen
years when
me at
chanical traction is not employed , and 'been
females of all ages are forbidden to labor '
this nature. Females of less than 21 These
ars will not be admitted to dangerous graph
of any kind. tle.
James E. Roderick , chief of ( lie De
partment of Mines , of Pennsylvania , in .
snir.g his report for the bituminous dis tinue
for 1007 , urges a fund for the re
of widows and orphans by a tax of of
three-fourths of a cent a ton on all coal much
marketed. July
The government of the city ef Liege.
Belgium , not only does all it can to pre the
idleness , but it encourages the work would
class to obtain homes instead of wast ticnlly
their earnings. The government in three
commenced to contract houses for will
workingmen. selling them at iniiiiiuum
on the installment plan. dred
John R. Eearly , known as the tent
leper , is happy. For a long time he
has realized that he was doomed to die
from the terrible disease whi"h alllicts
him , 'but his greatest concern has been
for the welfare of his faithful little
\vife , the woman who has refused to
desert him in his misery. NOAV that the
government has granted him a pension
of $72 a month , he is relieved of his
greatest source of anxiety and faces the
future with a smile. Early's home is in
North Carolina. When he V.MS dis"ov-
ered to be a leper he was forced to
move and for several months Avas a
Avanderer , shifted hither and yon by
the fates and with no permanent abid
ing place. Finally he was lodged in a
tent in the outskirts of this city near
the AA'orkhouse and has been dependent
upon te gifts of the charitably inclined.
His faithful little wife has been living
is a little nearby cottage. The Board
of Health has taken the most strenuous
measures to prevent contagion , and no
one has been permitted to pass the
guards stationed near Early's tent or
touch anything with which he has come
into contact. The granting of a liberal
pension was brought about by the belief
that Early's disease is a result of his
his army service , and it makes his care
and the support of his Avife certain.
Government clerks must give their
undivided services to Uncle Sam. They
are not to 'be permitted to do any out
side Avork. Several clerks have been
dismissed. It has been a common prac
tice here at headquarters for aspiring
clerks to attend night colleges , and , se
curing diplomas , practice professions
after office hours. These so-called "sun
down" doctors , dentists , lawyers , archi
tects , etc. . Avere able materially to in
crease their incomes. Protests were
made by regular members of AMrious
professions , complaining of the unfair
competition of the "sundownerc , " who
cut prices.
The pensioners of the Civil Tf'ar are
dying at the rate of more Hum a hun
dred and fifty a day. as the annual re
port of the Commissioner of Pensions
shows. With the ranks of the veter
ans thinning by sixty thousand a year ,
it Avlll not be long before the Grand
Army parades on Memorial Day will
have to be abandoned , unless they are
succeeded > by the parades of the pro
posed United Order of American Vet
erans , to include all those who have
fought under the Stars and Stripes in
any war.
A train-stopping device. Avhich it is
said will practically eliminate the tc'io-
graph-operator as a factor in-the move
ment of railroad trains , is under In
vestigation by the block signal and tr ! n
control board of the Interstate Covu-
aieivp Commission , who soon Avill give
an official test. The system is an n-
venHon of P. J. Simnipii. of Los An
geles. Cnl. It already has been In
stalled on eighteen miles of the Santa
Fe Railway in Southern California ,
and 5s said to be a success.
Virginia will soon be rcpresenicd Jn
Statuary Hall in the national capto ! !
by more than a cheap plaster i.ist o
Washington. The Virginia legislative
commission. Jn New York , on its way
from Providence. It. I. , where the
bronze statue 6f Gen. Lee was inspect
, met at the Ilolfman House to ask
for bids for a bronze statue of Wash
'
ington. Tin's is to be a companion piece
the Lee statue and as soon as it is
ready the plaster cast will be removed
Lawrence O. Murray , the Comptroller
the Currency , is making an effort fo
ascertain how the bankers of the coun
regard the methods pursued by ban's :
examiners in going over the affairs of
banks under examination , and at the
same time to secure from bankers their
views as to how the work of bank ex
amination can be improved. With that :
in view , the Comptroller has sent
each national bank president a letter
inquiry.
Ambassador Leishman cabled th
State Department that after much ef "
he has succeeded in settling a mat
that has been pending for several
in relation to the transfer of the is
property to be used as a site for the
American college for girls at Constan
tinople. Fuder this settlement the title
the site will be transferred to the
of Secretary I'.art on. of the Amer
board of missions.
Gen. Allen , chief signal officer of the
, has received advices that the
wireless telegraph stations located
Fort Gibson and Nome , Alaska , have
completed and put in operation.
are the last stations of the tele
system which extends from Seat
Wash. , to Nome.
.Reports from the Panama Canal con
to show a surprisingly rapid rate
progress. More than three times UK
earth was excavated in June and
of this year as was dug out in the
corresjmndiiig months of last year , an * )
rainy season , which it was thought in pi
check the work , has had prac- cans
no oflvt. At the present rate i.f 6tat :
million cubic yards a month it
not tak-2 long to excavate a nunthe
million cubic yards. thre :
SVMPTION
Washington correct oaclence :
Very import : nt indeed to the world
of hun.iiity lia.s been the International
iL'n > , s on r.ilipivulosis. held : if the
National Museum
in W a s h i ngtop.
I'llVI ! " ill ! ' xl-
its are maps and
- harts showing the
'Xicnt and growth
01 the campaign |
against ti'Jiercu- i
I"sit. local ion of I
, , itals and a * : -i.i-
.iient i.- ; given , and
i he methods i'.s < d
The walls aiv < ov-
red \\iiii plioto-
UP BOlfeBI KOCH.
J11(1 (
pictures sho\ving the progress of tuber
culosis and the various stages of cur
ablcs. Tuberculosis literature has been
provided by tin ; ton and elaborate dis
plays of window tents , cots. beds , ail
sorts of outdoor appliances , models of
buildings , sanitaria , hotels and homes
built for the purpose of treating tuber
culosis in all its stages.
President Koosevelt accepted the
presidency of the congress and Dr. Ed
ward L. Trudeau , of .Sarauac Lake , ha.- ,
been made honorary president. Vice
President Fairbanks , Speaker Cannon
and the Governors of the States' have
agreed to serve as vice presidents.
Among the distinguished physicians *
present are : IJobert Koch. Landouzy.ni
of Paris ; Sprouck. of Utrecht : Tende-
lee , of Leydon ; Philips , of Edinburgh :
Coni , of Buenos Ayres : Fluggo. of liros
l.in ; Bang , of Copenhagen : Vargas , of
Barcelona ; Marchiafava. of Rome :
Egger. of Basel : Wladimiroff. of St.
Petersburg ; Kayserling. of Berlin , and
Calmette. of Lille.
The first day of the congress was
marked by simple but unique cere
monies. Preliminary fo the formal
opening , the diplomatic corps , the
spokesmen of the several countries , the
Dflicors of the congress , the honorary OI
presidents and the section presidents , '
met in the office of Dr. Henry G. Beyer ,
chairman of the committee on exhibits
in the museum building shortly before tli
11 o'clock and accompanied by Drs.
Beyer and John S. Fulton , the secretary
general , proceeded to the stage in the h ;
great auditorium. re
There Secretary of the Treasury Cor-
telyou , as the personal representative < li
iroportion to the population as were
-ed by tuberculosis in the United
es during the same period.
Statistics show that tuberculosis in
last four years caused more than
e < times as many deaths ia this coun-
try as occurred in action and from
wounds received in action during the
entire peri.l of the Civil \Var. "
A welcome to the national capital
" as the- spot ! ; > i > by District Commis-
sieiior Ma-F.i'-lartf. followed bv brief
COTTAGE TENT INSURING PLENTY OF FRESH AIR.
responses by the representatives of
about thirty foreign countries.
The congress will make an epoch in
the fight against this dread scourge the
world over. The opening meeting was
the moi impressive event of the whole.
On that day the representatives of the
participating : governments presented
their formal greetings to the govern
ment of the United Stales. Among
Uie many promi
nent ' -peakers werft
Dr. Robert Koch
and wife , Surgeon
G en o r a 1 Walter
Wyman , who will
speak on "State and
Municipal Control
o f Tuberculosis , "
and Dr. W. Reid
Blair , of the New
Ynrl.Ynnlfn ! i nl Sn-
111. . WkUA.N
n "Tuberculosis of Wild Animals in
'aptivity. " One of the most interest-
} g topics will be the open air treat-
ipnt which is in vogue now all over
lie world. In addition to private san-
ariums in this country , New York
nd other cities and State institutions
ave tried it. and many hospitals have
oof gardens for consumptive patients.
The congress meets triennially. but
lii is Ihe first time it has been held
MOUNTAIN SANATORIUM OF SEPARATE COTTAGES.
the President of the United States.
: tended greetings on behalf of the gov-
nmciir.
"The menace of tuberculosis from a
rgienic and economic standpoint is
Miionstrable in many Avaj'S. " said Mr.
jrtelyou. "It is remarkable that yel-
w fever , notwithstanding the many
inics it has produced , has not caused
the United States in Ihe last 115
jars as many deaths as occurred last
MI * from tuberculosis.
"By figures given for the United
atcs it is estimated that since the
iar 1703 there have been approximate-
100.000 deaths from yellow fever ,
hercas tuberculosis is estimated to
ive caused 100.000 deaths last year
one.
"The mortality of tuberculosis is
irther emphasized Avhen compared
ith the bubonic plague in India. Avhich
not. since its first outbreak in 1SOO.
itised as many deaths in that country
in America , and great interest is being
shown in its Avork. If the people can
be thoroughly aroused to the danger
there is in trifling with this subtle foe ;
CAM1 IX WIXTER.
if they can be led to comprehend how
much valuable aid they may easily
render by presenting a united front to
this arch enemy among fatal diseases ,
then the efforts of this congress will
W
t i . 9 ST.f" V *
AN "OPEN AIR" VILLAGE AT OTTAWA. .ILL
accomplished a great and lasting
good ; then we may hope , and not in
AM in. to see each year many sweet lives
spared to Add brightness and beauty to
the world instead of being sacrificed to
this insatiable Moloch.
r
DESERT TO BLOOM AIM.
Great Meeting of Irrigation
Beg-ins Work at Albuquerque.
Tin1 sixt nth annual meeting of tha
national irrigation congress \vas called
to order at Albuquerque by President
Frai'k Gotr.ly of Denver \vitli every on *
of tluI f.wj scats in tli" coinvntion hall
occupied and crowds clamoring for a < S-
mission ( < tlio gallery. Nearly 1S03
delegatewer ; < " present.
The < lay's sessions were devoted to
speeches of wel.-ome by .Mayor
of AIbuqi ; < rqtie and Governor Curry of
Nov. ' Mexico and the opening address ia
rtspoti.se by President Goudy.
A feature of the opening address was
the Ion ? list of responses to the ex
pressions of welcome by representatives
from foreign Countries , induing Franc * ,
England. Spain , Portugal , Itny , Caps
Colony , Canada , Porto Rico and Brazil.
The visitors from abroad have been
given an important part in the program
and their presence is lending interest to
the work of the congress.
A demonstration lasting several min
utes was made when the military nnd
sent by the government of Mexico play
ed "The Star-Spangled Banner" at the
opening of the session. The singing of
the "Irrigation Ode * ' by a chorus of
100 voices was another feature which
aroused enthusiasm. After an address
by General J. Franklin Bell , U. S. A. .
the first session closed with the ap
pointment of committees.
The usual exposition , to which Con
gress appropriated ? 30,000 and which
has brought together the finest display
of irrigated products ever assembled in
the United States , was formally open
ed by Governor Curry , following a pa
rade by the troops of the department
of the Colorado ordered there for tha
occasion. General Bell , chief of staff ,
and Brigadier General Thomas , com
manding the department , took part in
the parade.
DIGGING PAST AT PANAMA.
Labor Supply Is Plentiful and Canal
"Work Is Pushed.
Satisfactory progress in making tha
dirt fly was reported by Colonel George
W. Goethals. chief engineer of the
Panama Canal , on is arrival at New
Orleans , on the steamer Cartage from
Colon , en route to Washington.
"Natives and Jamaicans. " Colonel
Goethals said , "constitute practically
all the manual laborers at the canal.
An attempt to use American labor fail
ed mainly because it could not b ? se
cured. At present the labor situation
in very good.
"Considerable numbers of our labor
ers have been accustomed to leave from
time to time , and later to return happi
ly for work again. This coming and
going has resulted in developing a
source of supply of labor more or less
suitable and trained for the canal
work.
"As a rule there
are about as many
returning to work as there are leaving ,
so that we almost always have suffi
cient labor at hand. Just at present ,
in fact , there are more laborers than
we can well use. "
" \Voniu rilinii-i 11 H : IN en run.
AIiss Annie S. Per-k of Providence , R.
I. . ; n a second effort within
a month , suc
ceeded in reaching the top of Mount
Huascaran. in Peru , which she estimates
to be 20.000 feet high. During the first
ascent she got to a height of 25.000 feet ,
but iiad to come back on account of tha
illness of one of her guides. In the last
Ciinib her Swiss companion had one foot
and both hands frozen.
Mrs. Mina A. Ilubbard. widow of tha
late Dr. Leonidas Ilubbard , explorer of r
Labrador , and Ilarold T. Ellis , son of
the former English under secretary of.
state for India , wre married at Toronto
