*
t
121u Magna Charta signed by King
John.
1GOO Champlain loft Quebec to explore
the lake which bears his name.
1G10 Champlain defeated the Iroquois
near the mouth of the Richelieu
river.
170G 'Madrid entered by the English and
Portuguese.
1741 Alliance between George II. of
England and Marie Theresa of Aus
tria.
174.1 Louisbourg , X. S. , taken by the
British from the French.
177. Battle of Bunker Hill.
2.778 British evacuated Philadelphia.
1793 City of Archangel , in northern
Russia , nearly destroyed by fire.
179o Union College founded at Schenectady -
tady , X. Y.
1S12 United -States Congress declared
war against Great Britain.
ISle Battle of Waterloo.
tS19 The Savannah , first steamer to
cross the Atlantic , arrived at Liver
pool The Slate of Maine separat
ed from Massachusetts.
1S20 The Earl of Dalhousie assumed of
fice as governor of Canada.
1831 Reform bill reintroduced in the
British Parliament.
1S37 Accession of late Queen Yictori ?
on the death of William IV.
1830 Total defeat of the Turkish army
by Ibraham Pisha on tihe Euphrates.
IS O Montreal and Quebec incorporated
as cities.
1830 'Steamer ' Griffith burned on Lake
Erie with loss of 300 lives.
18o3 Termination of the Burmese war.
ISoO President of the United States rec
ognized the filibuster Gen. Walker as
President of Nicaragua.
1859 Repulse of the French and English
squadron on the Peiho Commodore
Tatnall of United States navy , in
Chinese waters , made his famous ut
terance : "Blood is thicker than
water. "
1SG3 Japanese ports closed to European
and American traders.
1SG4 Alabama sunk by the Kearsarge.
HSG7 'Execution of Maximilian , Emperor
of Mexico North German consti
tution promulgated.
1SGS Mumaita evacuated by the Para
guayans.
1SG9 Kansas negroes petitioned Con
gress for suffrage.
1S70 Treaty of peace between Brazil
and Paraguay.
1S71 Corner stone for the New York
'State ' capitol laid at Albany.
1S72 Earl of Dufferin assumed office as
governor general of Canada.
1S90 Armenians massacred by Turks
near Erzerum.
1S93 'Monument ' unveiled in Waldheim
cemetery , Chicago , in memory of the
"Haymarket anarchists. "
1S95 Baltic canal opened by Emperor
William.
1900 Spain ceded the Caroline Islands to
Germany.
1903 Regina , Saskatchewan , incorpo
rated as a city.
7.907 The French chamber voted to sup
press the agitation in the wine grow
ing districts by force The Mayor
of New York turned the first sod in
the construction of the Catskill water
supply President Roosevelt signed
a treaty with Santo Domingo.
The Chicago Board of Education has
decided to bar all candidates for positions
03 teachers in the public schools who are
over 50 years old.
The Minnesota school for the deaf this
.year graduated seven students , each of
whom has learned a trade , in addition to
Jils academic training.
Contractors are now at work on a
building to be erected at the Minnesota
school for the deaf , which will cost close
to $50,000 and is to be completed this
year.
President Northrop of the University
of Minnesota notified the students that
any one having unpaid bills outstanding
at the close of tiie school year would not
be graduated.
At the annual meeting of the alumni
of the Minnesota school for the blind ,
held at Faribault. Dr. Dorr , superin
tendent of the school , was presented with
a gold-headed cane.
At Reno , Nev. , the entire State took
a iholiday the other day to celebrate the
dctf'ution of the Mackay School of Mines
ant. the reception of the statue of Mac-
fjay , both being presented to the State
and University of Nevada by Clarence II.
Mackay and his mother.
In revenge for the passage of a prohi
bition law in Alabama , which deprived the
schools of Mobile city and county of $80-
000 annual revenue , the anti-prohibition
ists at a special election , defeated a pro
posal to levy a special one mill school
tax , leaving the schools without financial
support.
HE RANG OUT LIBERTY.
t
The Grave oJ William Hurry Added ,
to Patriotism' * JjniidniarlcK.
The grave of the man who first : rang
the Liberty bell has been found. For
many years all trace had been lost of
the bell ringer who obeyed the injunction
lettered on the statehouse bell in Phila
delphia , by ringing it vigorously and "pro
claiming liberty throughout the land and
to the inhabitants thereof. "
It was known to few historians in a
vague way that his name was William
Hurry and that he was a man well ad
vanced in years on that immortal day.
but the familiar poem , "The Liberty Bell-
jnan , " with its thrilling lines :
"Ring ! " he shouts. "Ring , grandpa !
Ring , oh , ring for liberty ! "
And straightway at the signal
The old bellman lifts'his hand
And sends the good news making
Iron music through the land.
had surrounded Hurry with a legendary
atmosphere that made many persons re
gard him as a sort of myth.
Antiquarians and historians had inade
frequent searches for the body to prove
his reality , if nothing more , but these
were all in vain until recently the grave
yard of the old Pine Street Presbyterian
church , Fourth and Pine street" , Phila
delphia , was discovered to be the last rest
ing place of the famous Revolutionary
character.
Credit for this discovery goes tp Jacob
Low , sexton of the church. When Low
came upon Hurry's grave the headstone
was sunk almost out of sight. Only t\\o
letters , "R" and "Y , " of the name Hurry
were visible. Low's curiosity was arous
ed , and , raising the stone with careful
precautions against breaking it , he clear
ed it of the moss and mold and was over
joyed to find that it marked the grave of
the Liberty bellman. '
An examination of the stone shows
that at the time he rang the bell Hurry
was a man of 53 years. He was born
Oct. 22 , 1721.
Hurry's activity in the cause of free
dom did not stop with the ringing of the
old bell , now next to the original drafts
of tihe Declaration of Independence and
the constitution of the United States the
most prized relic connected with the birth
of the nation. He volunteered for ser
vice in the Continental army and served
with distinction in a number of battles.
His signature on call for volunteers is'
BtiU in possession of the old church.
It is a somewhat pathetic circumstance
that Hurry did not live to see the com
plete triumph of the colonists over Great
{ Britain. He died in 1781 , two years
before the surrender of Coruwallis. .
Washington Post.
THEY'RE BOTH GONE.
The Firecracker and Hie Question
Askiiij ; Hop Toiul.
' 'Oh , firecracker , round and red.
Come play with me ! " the hop toad said.
The cracker , no reply made he ,
llut simply sputtered spitefully.
"Why won't you stop and play , my dear ? "
Inquired the hop toad , drawing rear.
The cracker gave a crackling cough.
"I can't , hecause I'm going off ! "
The hop toad asked : "You're going where !
And shall you like It when you're there"
"And do jou go a pleasant road ? "
The cracker's eyes with anger glowed.
I'm not going to tell you what happened
In the next verse. It's too awful. But you
can gueas.
A Patriot's Phophccy.
But whatever may be our fate , be as
sured that this Declaration will stand.
It may cost treasure , and it may cost
blood , but it will stand , and it will rich
ly compensate for both. Tluough the
thick gloom of the present I see the
brightness of the future as the sun in
heaven. We shall make this a glorious ,
an immortal day. When we ore in our
graves our children will honor it. They
will celebrate it with thanksgiving , with
festivity , with bonfires and illuminations.
On its annual return they will shed tears
copious , gushing tears not of subjec
tion and slavery , not of agony and dis
tress , but of exultation , of gratitude and
of joy. John Adams before the Conti
nental Congress.
The Stars and Stripes.
When the Stars and Stripes went
down at Charleston in 1SU ( they went up
immediately in every town and city in
the loyal States. Four years later they
went up again on Fort Sumtc" . Major
Anderson lowered the flag in 18C1. Major
Gen. Anderson raised the identical flag
again four years later. Three hundred
and fifty thousand Union soldiers had
given up their lives that he might raise
it. The South was in ruins. Three mill
ion slaves had been made free. All that
that little piece of bunting might be at
the top of the staff once more. And
when the American school boy and school
girl see the flag on the school house they
should be taught to remember all this.
Washington Post.
Our Common Patrimony.
Every act of noble .sacrifice to the coup-
try , every instance of patriotic devotion
to her cause , has its beneficial influence.
A nation's character is the sum of its
splendid deeds ; they constitute our com
mon , patrimony , the nation's inheritance.
Henry Clay.
Patriotism.
A man's country is not a certain area
of land , but it is a principle , and patriot
ism is loyalty to that principle. Georgt
William Curtis ,
SPIRIT OF 1908. *
f7
Down in the garden beside the wall ,
A whisper ran through the blossoms all
( It began with the brown bee's hum
ming ) :
"We must wake to-morrow , be dressed
and gay ,
For blithe and merry and bold , this way ,
With music and inarching and mirth , they
say ,
The Fourth of July is coming ! "
The Trumpet-Yine , in the early morn ,
Blew a jubilant blast on her shining horn ,
The Bluebells soft were ringing.
And pop ! pop ! pop ! the paths beside ,
Went a 'hundred ' buds , as they opened
wide ,
Their sweets to the breezes flinging.
The Milkweed's silvery bombshells burst ,
And the Thistle her feathery fireworks
first
Sent out to the sunshine dancing.
The gay little Snap-Dragon snapped
away ,
And the Flags by the brookside waved all
day ,
Wihero tJie Swordgrass bright was
glancing.
The Scarlet Geranium burned red fire ;
The Salvia flamed in 'a splendid spire
At eve in the dusk uprising ;
The Sunflower shot out his golden rays ,
And the crimson Hollyhocks stood ablaze ,
And the Bluebells loud were ringing.
The Fireflies , flitting the leaves among ,
A million lamps in the bushes hung ;
The crystal dews were beaming ;
And the tall white Lilies held a-row
Their shining candles , where below
The Myrtle stars were gleaming.
Margaret Johnson , in Farm and Home.
DANGERS OF THE DAY.
Noisy Celebration of Nation's Inde
pendence Rrlnc ; ? Woes.
HE dangers incident
to the noisy celebra
tion of Independence
day are written tif
each year , and at
tempts have been
made by legislative
and other enact
ments to abolish the
gunpowder method
of commemorating
the national birth
day.
Undoubtedly much
suffering would be
prevented and many
lives \\ould be saved
were Uie day to be
kept as fast-day once was in New Eng
land ; but old-established customs are
changed with difficulty , and it Is much
easier to abolish the most dangerous fea
tures of the celebration without depriv
ing the youngsters of a chance to make
noise In a safe way. But the grown-up
members of the community should be
taught sense , and the reckless firing of
[ guns and pistols by hoodlums and less
vicious persons should be sternly sup
pressed.
The noise is trying to invalids and nerv
ous folk , but that is probably unavoid
able , and the day of torture must be en
dured. The only remedy for 4hat is the
exercise of philosophy ; but much can be
. done to save the boys from injury. The
responsibility for that rests largely with
the parents. \
TJie ordinary firecracker and the paper
torpedo are comparatively harmless. Lit
tle injury beyond superficial burns will
ordinarily result from even a reckless
use of these noise-producers. The truly
dangerous things are the toy pistol , the
cannon cracker , and the clay torpedo.
These are all death-dealing instruments ,
which children should never be permitted
to handle. It is from them that most of
the Fourth of July accidents result.
Apart from the big injuries the loss
of fingers or a hand , or blinding fiom pre
mature explosions the seriousness of
the.-e hurts lies in the danger of lockjaw ,
or tetanus. The germs of this disease are
in the soil almost everywhere , and read
ily find entrance into wounds made in
dirty hands , or hands bound up with dirty
rags or handkerchiefs.
The injured hand should be held under
running water. The cold water will usu
ally stop the bleeding , and then all for
eign bodies bits of firecracker paper or
of clothing , sand or splinters should be
carefully removed , and the wound again
bathed under running water.
If the wound is deep , running down
among the fibrous tissues and sinews , it
should be opened freely by the knife , and
all places in which the lockjaw bacillus
may find shelter should be exposed to the
air. This , of course , must be done by
the surgeon ; but indeed , all these wounds ,
however trivial , should be taken to the
physician , for timely treatment may avert
grave illness or even loss of life. Youth's
Companion.
"Where tno Declaration Is Kept.
The original engrossed copy of the
Declaration as signed is now in the keep
ing of the Secretary of Stare. The docu
ment was in the patent office from 1841
to 1877 , as that department was believed
to be fireproof. It is now , since 1894 ,
kept hermetically sealed in a frame and
placed in a steel cabinet , with the original
signed copy of the constitution. It is no
longer shown to any one except by ex
press order of the Secretary. Being on
parchment , which shows destructive signs
of cracking , due more probably to the
making of a facsimile ordered by Presi
dent James Monroe in 1823 than to age
or handling , the document is jealously
guarded. Many of the names of the sign
ers are no longer legible. Two pages of
Jefferson's original draft , with a few in
terlineations by Adams and Franklin , are
also preserved at the Department of State.
The facsimile which was ordered by Pres
ident Monroe was made for the purpose of
giving a copy to each of the signers then
living and their heirs. These original
copies are now of great value. Baltimore
News.
The Glorious Fourth.
Keep the Flat ? Flying : .
The late Senator Hanna of Ohio in a
speech on an appropriation bill said : "I
favor the erection of public buildings in
every county and , if possible , in every
town in the land. I favor such legisla
tion because , although costly , it keeps
the flag floating before the people , and it
pays ultimately in the lessons of patriot
ism which our young people learn as they
grow up. Knowing the flag is to love it ,
and it should be kept before the people. "
'New York Tribune.
Xo Waste.
De Style What great scheme has Gas-
bagg for the Fourth of July ?
Gunbusta Why , instead of packing
torpedoes in sawdust he's going to pack
them in breakfast food.
THE DAY WHEN WE'RE ALL CHILDREN.
ALIEN TIDE IS HALTED.
Immigration Officials Seek Reason
Why Foreigners Do Not Come.
Immigration officials who at first re
garded the decrease in immigration as
of a temporary character have deter
mined upon an investigation to discover
its cause. The continued falling oft
cannot be accounted for , and it is con
sidered necessary to take steps to ascer
tain whether anything not now appar
ent to the United States is being done
to deter people in foreign countries ,
seeking new homes from iinding them ,
here.
It is known that the peonage investi
gation in the South has resulted in the
posting of notices in some countries oC
Europe warning its laborers not to
come to the United States , but this has
never been seriously regarded as a re
flection upon conditions here.
When the unusual departure of the
laboring classes to Europe occurred dur
ing the early winter it was attributed
to the dull times following the finan
cial flurry. It is doubted it' this condi
tion , which has now been to a consider
able degree supplanted by a steady de
mand for labor , can be held responsible
for the continued decrease which rec
ords kept now show. Serious objection ,
is made in certain countries of Europe
to the rate at which emigration to the
United States has reduced their popu
lation. The United States will now
seek to learn through its representa
tives abroad whether the methods taken :
to keep immigrants from this country
are such as to misrepresent conditions
here.
here.The
The number of immigrants for May
was 36,317 , as compared with 1&4.SS6
last year and 150,927 in May , 1XX ! .
The immigration from Russia , which
was 33oOO in May last year and 25,817
in May , 1900 , this year dropped to
3,880. Immigration for six months , in
cluding May , show an equally large
falling off , the total for the period
being only 227,283 , as compared with ,
074,084 last year and OlO.oOS the pre
vious year.
Austria-Hungary , Italy and Russia
show the largest decreases. The de
crease of those coming from Italy for
the month of 32591 suggests that peon
age prosecutions have been well and
perhaps not truthfully advertised.
Small increases are shown from China ,
the Pacific Islands. British North Amer
ica , British Honduras and Mexico ; all
other countries show decreases.
MARRIAGE SHY ON LOVE.
Women Blamed by Anthony Com *
stock for Number of Divorces.
"Why are there so many divorces , so
many ainhappy marriages here in New
York and elsewhere ? " asked Anthony
Comstock. secretary of the Society for
the Suppression of Vice , leaning back ,
in his revolving chair in his office and
repeating the question that had been
put to him by a newspaper correspond
ent.
"I'll tell you .why , " he answered ,
pounding his list on the desk lid. "It's
the system of things. New York women ,
and women everywhere else in the
country , too , have only themselves to
blame. There arc plenty of men who
treat their wives like brutes , to be sure ,
but there is another side to the ques
tion.
"People do not wed nowadays a
great many of them from the holier
standpoints of absolute love for one
another. They marry for position ; they
marry for mone } * . After a while a life
with this kind of a partner becomes
irksome. 'Whatsoever a man soweth
that shall he also reap. ' And the har
vest from such marriages can only be
divorce or misery. There is that un
yielding spirit too much evident here ;
that nagging which is driving men and
women out of their minds. People are
estranged from each other to-day right
in their own homes. .
"Many men in New York are under
tremendous pressure all day long.en
they come home they want peace and
rest , and they are not allowed to have
it. Home is an aggravation ; not a
place of retreat from care. If the men.
can't get rest at home , they will get it
somewhere else. And so New York
women , and other women elsewhere ia
this busy country of ours , have onlj
themselves to blame. "
INSANE CLERGYMAN SHOT.
Pastor Resists Neighbors Who Seek
to Capture Him.
At Stolper , Mo. , the Rev. Valentine
Strauss became violently insane and.
was slain during an attempt to capture
him. His wife led the attacking party.
The clergyman became violent and
drove his family from the parsonage.
He was heavily armed and Mrs. Strauss
feared he would do himself bodily
narm. She alarmed the village and or
ganized a party to capture her husband.
The pastor opened fire on the posse
and it was returned in order to frighten
him. One of the shots went wild and
killed the clergyman. The parsonaga
was a veritable fortress.
Forminpr a Piano Trust Xovr.
The largest combination of piano mak
ers yet undertaken was incorporated in
New Jersey , under the name of the Ameri
can Piano Company , with a capital of
80,000.000 of 7 per cent stock preferred
and SG,000,000 of common stock. This
merger includes at the outset the follow
ing concerns : Knabe & Co. , Chickoriug &
Son and the Foster-Armstrong Company.
Witih the other companies to be controlled ,
the output of the trust is estimated at
18,000 pianos a year , or about 70
cent of the high-grade pianos.