! !
t fesU * * " *
p l ! 7
1494 Jamaica discovererl by Coiumbus
and named St. .lago by him.
IG02 Qneen Mary II. of England born.
1G70 The Hudson's Bay Company
formed in England.
1707 legislative union of England and
Scotland put into effect.
T77."l The Quebec Act became law , pro
viding for the government of Can
ada by Governor and Council.
1770 Adoption of the Pine Tree flag by
great and general court of Massachu
setts.
"I.7S8 Maryland ratified the Constitution
of the United States.
" ISOS Spanish organized a revolt against
Napoleon Charles IV. of Spain
abdicated in favor of Bonaparte. . . .
Union Temperance Society formed
in Saratocra county. New York , this
being the beginning of the Prohibi
tion movement in the United States.
41S27 French National Guard disband-d.
' * ISo4 First railroad opened in Brazil.
ISnC Montmorency bridge fell.
1S59 Colorado river expedition ended.
ISGo Sir Samuel Cnnard. founder of the
Cnnard steamship line. died.
HS77 OccuiMtion of Bayazid by the Rus
sians.
3LS7S First elevated trains run on Third
avenue in New York City.
1SS1 First sod turned in the construc
tion of the Canadian Pacific railway.
SSS12 Charl.-s S. Parnrll , the Irish lead
er , released from Kilmainham jail.
"ISS5 Col. Otter attacked the Canadian
rebels at Cut Knife Creek.
1SSS Henry M. Stanley found Emm
Pasha on the shores of Albert Ny-
anza.
S94 Many lives lost by earthquakes in
Venezuela International bimetal
lic conference met in London.
TS9S Spanish fleet destroyed in battle
of Manila bay.
1OOr Landslide at Frank. B. C. , with
rhp loss of seventy-five lives.
2LJXX3 A score of lives lost in a tornado
nt Laredo. Texas Steamer Falk
wrecked off Lauds End , with loss of
jaearlv 100 lives.
Tr. llilprceiit'a Final Ucply.
In the form of a book of 3. 0 pages just
from the pr-- Prof. Herman V. Hil-
f recht of the University of I'enu ylva-
nia. replies to the charges made against
8iim in connection with the collections of
Xippur tablets now in the pow sion of
university. The book recounts the
nce presented before the committee
trustees resulting in his complete ex
oneration by them , and explains to his
own satisfaction the circumstances out of
wriiioh grew this famous scientific contro
versy. The first charge w.is that of 15 1-
* erary dishonesty in having spoken of
ithree of the tabletB as being found by
fhini-self in 1DUO , whereas they were said
'tn fcave been purchased by the members
of an earlier expedition. Hilprecht now
.says that his books under dispute were
out strictly scientific , and that numerous
notes were not wanted by liis publishers.
31i nce he had not added the note telling
* vlierc the tablets had been bought. An-
i > ther charge was that of having retained
> property belonging to the university. This
: arose from the fact that with his own
rsnnney he had made excavations at 1'ara
Independent of those conducted by the
amiversity. Some of his finds he had
Driven to the university , but others he had
rretained. The accusers also held that the
tablets were not of a literary character
xan l were not nroperly called a "temple
library. " Ililprecht repels this with tes-
rlmony of other * ; cientist . In conclusion
he asserts that two men have been his an-
iiigonists , Rev. Dr. Peters and Prof. Mor
ris Jastrow , Jr. The animus of the for-
aner Ililprecht attributes to the criticisms
of the Peters expeditions in the Ililprecht
5ooks. lie accuses Jastrow of underhand
ed and dishonest efforts to becloud the
public mind and poison it against the ac
cused.
To Cure for Iho ' 'li
Mayor Ezra S. Meals of Ilarrisburg ,
"Pn. , has ordered the police department
to see that drunken men are helped to
itheir homes instead of beinc arrested , and
to compel the saloon proprietors to take
care of the men found drunk in or near
/their saloons. Mayor Meals holds that
fit is not right to send these men to the.
tlockup so long as they are not troubling
any one. Of course , the criminal drunks
will be dealt with summarily and the
"habitual drunkards will be sent to jail
to sober up. after which the mnyor will
take them in hand personally and give
he.m a chance to set hold of themselves.
He goes on the theory that drunkenness
is a disease. Whenever a man is taken
home the fact will be recorded for fu-
.lure reference.
Troopx for Xi rht Klders.
Gov. Wftwn of Kentucky has orderer
Ting. Gen. Williams to take charge of
troops at Murray , the scene of reeen <
Tiight rider outrages , and has gone to
' Calloway counly to consult with the jmlg (
- about the prosecution of cn es involving
the riders.
Flames S\vt-ej OJiio
Fire that started in the Mayor's ofiice
destroyed all town records and papers ,
'burned the poK'-e station , the fire apjnrji-
Zus building , and se\i > rI : structures in the
< bus5ucss district of Coal ton , Ohio.
FROM THE COMMONER
MR. BRVAIN'S
Scerelary Taft on Ti-u.sl.s.
Secretary Taft is rapidly disc-losing his
/gnornnce on the trust question , for to
believe him ignorant is more charitable
than to believe that he docs not intend to
interfere with the trusts , although his
language would justify oven this belief ,
lie takes Mr. Bryan to task for favoring
the extermination of trusts , and says that
to exterminate trusts would l > e to exter
minate industry. The Secretary desires
to regulate and control the trusts. Hut
has his party not been "regulating"
"controlling" for some eleven years nmvY
And have we not more ( rusts now thin
we had when th' regulating anil controll
ing began ? The trust family is a family
big enough to satisfy the President's ideas
of the size of a family , and the birth rate
is greater than the death rate. The ad
ministration has commenced suit against
a few trusts , but not against many , and
the trusts are still gentle enough to come
up and eat out of the hand of the admin
istration. What has been done in regard
to the steel trust ? Did it not swallow
up the Tennessee Coal and Iron Com
pany ? And was it not given out that the
swallowing was done after the administra
tion had been consulted ? Is the steel
trust fighting Secretary Taft ? And what
about the International Harvester Com
pany ? Have the farmers secured any re
lief yet ? And what about the paper trust ?
The steel trust has something like a billIon -
Ion dollars of water in its stock ; it can
afford to contribute ten millions to the
Republican campaign fund , because it can
get back many times that out of a Re
publican victory , and this is only one trust
out of many. How can the people hope
to regulate or control trusts when the
trusts , by the election of their favorite to
office , are able to control the government ?
The extermination of trusts is not the
extermination of business. IT. for in-
an Democratic League candidate won at
the polls and even there our candidates
were defeated only by Republican help
for the Donne ! ! v Ryan organization can
didates. The latter , however , are all
pledged to P.ryan , but will follow the
( hifi'ey lead. .
The delegates to tiic State convention
are almost all Bryan men. Aryan's
friends will control convention , will write
platform , select delegates at largo anil in
struct them for P.ryan.
Reports .vjjre.id broadcast fcrii reaction
ary SO.VATS to thr7 , > rt thai I ' "miviva -
ilia will go ! < > Denver uuinsiructed are
: iLwoIj : ] ' fnls" .
\VAKirX WORTH BAiLKY.
Sec. Bryan Democratic League of Penn
sylvania.
Tli - V/ooi ! * : > Itcsaliiiinn for
The Speker : of the national IIouw h's ;
introduced resolution for an indepen
dent investigation of the paper trn-'t .ind
( he allegations that have been nude
against it by the publishers. The resolu
tion was passed yesterday and the Speak
er appointed an investigating com miner- .
P.ut if any of the standpatters inngine
that they are fooling anyone their cap-i-v-
ity for self-decvption is extraordinary.
Who takes the resolution seriously ?
Who will take' the investigation seriously
in view of its origin and purpov. ? it
will be regarded as an ivc-.jjmiri < m for
"Piuncombe county only. " The i'"w Ji-ist
busters are in no hurry. T'.ioujrh I hen-
is "nothing doing" in Congress , it is not
expected that the work will be compleAl
befor" adjournment. And ( hen he na
tional conventions will monopolize atten
tion , and no one will remember woo' ! ptilp.
After that the dog days will furnish an
excuse for a slow pace.
( lur standpat friends intend t-o "ex-
dtu > power tliroujrli uninstructed delegates
may a-.iggest to the rank and file of the
parry .he importance of making their instructions -
structions to their representations at D'-u-
ver .somewhat explicit.
An express-cm of the desire of .lie j.-.nk
and file , through instructions to Jeleuatrs
may povo to be the stumbling mode in
the WK.I. of those who wr.ild make thj
national convention the master , rather
than the servant of the 'pat'tv a-id win
would make the party the plaything of
prefatory interests ra'her than the cham
pion of the public wolfavc.
' 'Tin- Full Dinner J'ail. ' '
The State labor department of New
York on April 11) ) issued a bulletin in
which it is stated that at the close of 11)07 )
oj'.e out of every three union nvn in the
State wo * idle. The trades union policy
is to not or1- shorten th working day ,
but to Ji.nit the number of working dayH
per we- > , : in < > nlcr to insare work enough
for ih.-r nvmbeis to provide ag-iinst
w.iat. For instance , the International
Typographical Union has a Jaw prohibit
ing a member working more than six con
secutive d.jys if there is any member of
the union looking for work in the local
jur ! < di ( rion. Many local unions adopted
a { iv.-Mlay law early la > t winter in order
lo distribute the work among more men.
Other unions do the same thing , and this
servd in huge mca.Mire to tide many men
with families over the winter. But if one
out of every three union men in New
York Slate 5s out of-employment , what
must IK the proportion of jobless men in
the unorganized trades and occupations ?
'llie campaign slogan of "The lull dinner
pail" would elicit more jeers than cheers
if olTeml to the workingmen of Isew York-
to-day.
The congressional majority trill have to
do more than adopt "gag vuk-s" if it ex
pects to keep the country in Ignorance of
tbe majority's failure to ezact beneficial
legislation.
Prince'Helie de Sagan. Tiho is to marry
an American woman of gveat fortune , is
credited by the Associated Press with hav
ing said to a Ne\v York banker that In
,
/
SU FL
KEP. PRISS-\\HKlLYW t.'dZ A '
" 5AM 6SfTLEKAff-m/XLP. UEip ! ZcS KKLIIK K
, /W7ZV < 5- YOU MMi. Ch'fEX UP/
When "the fhoc is on the other foot"
stance , a single corporation has a monopoly
ely , of the production of a necessary of
ife , and has ten factories in different
States for the production of this particu-
ar article , the extermination of this trust
would mean the selling off of enough fac-
: orics to reduce the production of this one
corporation to a point where it would no
onger have a monopoly. But this
would not mean closing up of the fac
tories. The people would still need the
article , and the people at large would get
o be produced. But the independent fac-
lories coming into competition 7ith the
original corporation now no longer
monopoly would reduce the price of the
article , an dthe people at large would get
the benefit of the reduction. With n. re
duction in price , the people could buy
more of the article produced , and this
would increase the demand for labor , and
new factories would spring up or existing
factories would be enlarged. With a num
ber of factories competing for laborers ,
cue laborers' chance of employment would
be better , and his wages would be higher.
Then , too , with a number of factories
competing for raw material , the price of
raw material would increase. In other
words , the cxteiminalion of the trust , in
stead of destroying business , would re
store business to a healthy condition ,
while it reduced the price o the product ,
increased the price of raw material and
improved the condition of the laboring
man. Competition is the natural condi
tion , and the extermination of the trust
would restore competition. Monopoly is
an unnatural condition , and the Republi
can parly has fostered monopoly and thus
built industry upon a false basis to the
detriment of all of the parties concerned
except the monopolist , and he has been
demoralized by his unearned wealth while
the rest of the people have been victimized
by the practice of monopoly. .
Secretary Taft ought to study the trust
question a little more , or discuss it less ,
for each speech reveals his lack of fa
miliarity with the subject or his lack of
sympathy with the people at large.
From Pennsylvania. .
The following telegram concerning the
Pennsylvania Democratic primaries ex
plains itself :
Johnstown. Pa. , April IStli. 1DOS.
The Commoner , Lincoln. Neb.
Fifty-one of the sixty-four district del
egates to national convention chosen by
popular vote at the uniform primaries are
for Bryan.
The Bryan Democratic League candi
dates in James M. Guffey's district were
successful.
Outside Philadelphia nearly every Brj
ploil" the resolution in their "de.'xtrUis. "
to point to it with affected pride as a
statesmanlike substitute for revision.
They will run the risk of ho : > ling and jeer
ing. Their little game is too trais"pirent.
Their only serious argument that they
could not touch wood pulp and paper
without reojvening the whole tariff ( jjii -
tion was gone when it was shown ihir
the admitted need of forest-saving fur
nished a complete and convincing reason
for Irratin * ; the wood pulp and paper d-i-
ties as belonging to a separate and < lh-
tinct category. The House minority is
on record as acquiescing in siich freaiii.'nt ;
of these duties. The anxious sM'.ic'pu's ' :
know that telling quotations fro n ; > ' ' * !
denti.il messages and resolutions v f manu
facturers and clubs and other organiza
tions were at their disposal lo justify to
nil minds the singling out of the a-hedulo
in question for revision at this time. They
are reckoning without the common sense
and the humor of their constit'ieius.
( The above is not a Commoner edito
rial. It wxa not taken from any IXrno-
cratic paj > or. It appeared as an e.liiivial
in thnt devoted old Republican -.ewsp.i-
per. the Chicago Record-Herald IB.SUC of
April 2-2. )
"U'hy Xot Ilevlsef
The Minnesota Republican State con
vention adopted the platform in which it
declares : "We reaflirm the principal of
protection of American labor and indus
tries , but we believe the time has come
when there should be a revision of the
tariff schedules by a Republican Con
gress. "
If "the time has come when there
should br a revision of the tariff schedules
by a Republican Conircss" why does the
Republican Congress , now in session , fail
to act ? IB it difficult for the ordinary
man to understand that the people cannot
expect a revision in the pubTic interest
from a political party that derives its
campaign funds from tariff beneficiaries ?
Speak in ir of S < uinliliii Bloeku.
The Richmond ( Va. ) Times-Dispatch
concludes an editorial relatnig to the
"anti-Bryan movement" in these words :
" 1C ever there was a convention where
the power of the uninstructed delegate
will be great , not only in the choice ol'
the candidate , but in writing the plat
form , it will be at Denver. The appre
ciation of this fact is the stumbling bloc-k
in the way of Iho.-c who want no delibera
tion by the renresentatives of the people
tn convention assembled. ' '
But the appreciation "of the fact that
certain special interests are seeking uu-
would leave this conuUT very soon and
hoped he woula never s e America again.
Tin's prejudice against American soil
seems not. however , to extend to Ameri
can money.
The proposed plan ( o have a commis
sion revise the tariff is not nearly so good
as the plan of letting the people elect a
Congress that will reuse it in the inter
ests of the people.
Tiie United States Steel Corporation's '
1N)7 ! ) earnings were this greatest in its his- '
tory. You would look a long while for a
tariff revisionist among the managers of
that corporation.
Several representatives of public inter
est n at Washington no doubt wish some
of the American njwspaper reporters
would go on strike like those German
newspaper men.
A Republican excl'ange says that Sena
tor I A Follette would be more of a Re
publican if he votol less often with the
Democrats. True , but he wouldn't be
right nearly so often.
The Pennsylvania man who has just ,
completed a patclwork quilt containing ]
ll.THO pieces ought to be sent to Congress - }
gress and assigned to the task of drafting
a Republican financial bill.
"Indiana Republicans have warmed up
to Mr. Fairbanks. " declares a contempo
rary. Yes. And what is warming up to
Mr. Fairbanks would be a red hot cam
paign for almost any other man.
John Smith and others went to Virginia
something like three hundred years ago
expecting to find gold. The Duke of
Abruzzi followed up a few days ago and
seems to have located the mine.
A Chicago gentleman who was very
prominent in his "defense of the national
honor" about eiglit years ago is now look
ing to the Supreme Court to save him
from a ppnitentic.ry sentence.
The New Vork Evening Post insist ?
that organized Iibor demands the legal
izing of the boycott. The Post is unable
to see what organized labor demands is
merely thtt a number of a union may le- t
gaily do what he misht legally do if not (
a member of rlp union. In other words ,
organized labor demands that the posses
sion of a union card shall not deprive a
man of his rights as an individual under
the law and th constitution.
Protect the meadows when they are
soft. Tramping injures them.
For a healthy growth of chicks , a
warm , ury ami sunny room will com
pensate I'ur n lai'l : ol"sunshine. .
There is absolutely nothing In com
mon between a dirty cream separator
and a gilt edged butter product
In training a horse to walk fast he
is not injured in the least for any other
gait and can be taught to trot and
gallop just as well as before.
Tbe very first symptom of kicking
should lead us to dispose of the animal
that doe = . it. Life is precious. Never
risk it witli a horse that kicks.
When a horse gets to gnawing at a
manger the best thing to do is to cover
everything gnawable with tin. Better
do it before the habit is formed , how
ever.
It will be very likely the same chap
wlm failed to test his seed corn before
planting it who will be bemoaning his
hard luck and cussing the weather and
Providence next election time.
When an egg containing a live germ
Is surrounded by a lot of eggs contain
ing dead ones , it is in no condition to
get the proper heat , and will have to be
a very vigorous germ if It hatches out
at all.
In proportion to contents , there is
more shell surface in a small egg than
n large one , so that to run an Incubator
to suit the small egg will be too damj
for the larger ones , where moisture i
used , and vice versa.
Flux undoubtedly has n place as
subcluor of newly broken soils , but i ?
a curse when u = ed anywhere else , li
European countries , where this plant is
raised year after year and prinmrilj
for its fiiier , an intensive system of ag
rlculrurc is followed , together with a
heavy fertilizing of the soil.
Because some farmers are not getting
rich after having had telephones in
stalled for some years , Is no argument
against tbe phone. The telephone has
simply put him in a position to meet
competition of other business men \vh (
have taken advantage of the service
which may be gained over the wires.
Don't forget In starting the Incuba
tor to clean out the heat or flue pipe
into which the lamp chimney extends
to put In a brand new wick. to. clean
all the parts of the lamp thoroughly ,
having the burners as near as possible
as bright as when they are new. Use
good sewing machine oil on all the
bearing parts of the machine after first
carefully removing the dust and dirt.
A simple system of crop rotation that
is generally recommended and that
not only tends to conserve the fertili
ty of the soil , but results 5n a maximum
destruction of weeds , consists of corn
two years , oats one and clover one.
Coupled with the points mentioned , the
clover , in addition to being a soil ren
ovator , imparts a physical texture that
makes It possible to put it in the best
possible condition for succeeding crops
of whatever kind.
The fanner and gardener , even
though he may not have an aesthetic
taste which would cause him to pro
tect bird life for its sake nlone , if he
has but a thought for the size of his
pocketbook will do all he can to shield
the birds of the community In which
he lives from their many enemies.
Never before 1ms the place of the birds
In the system of nature's economy
been more fully appreciated than now
and never so high a value placed on
the service which they render to man.
In Judging horses , like men , you can
generally depend a good deal on your
first Impression. When the first Im
pression Is good , you may sometimes
discover things thnt for a. while will
lead you to think contrary to your
first conclusion. However , later on
there will , as a rule , be discovered evi
dences to support the good Impression
at first gained. By the same process
one may start with a poor impression ,
be argued Into a better Impression and
possibly discover too late that the horse
business Is fraught with many dlsii > -
polntments.
We are learning that cattle are sure
to take the feed we give them If they
ire lean and In poor rig and lay It on
their backs , first of all : then after they
are In good condition they will apply
the surplus to the milk pail. It Is al-
tvays the surplus that we get. And
there will be no surplus If we keep our
x > ws just on the verge of hunger. The
Farmers' Voice well sr.ys that it Is the
: ow which 1ms been kept well that puts :
the money in our pockets. Cows poorly
treated are our farm charges , to be
maintained at the cost of what the '
test cows do. There should be no such
charges ; every cow should be a pro
lucor.
Keeping tbe Soil Loose.
Until the ears of corn shall be well '
filled out , the crop may depend on one
or two showers. If the rain shall fall
a day or two before the silk appears
the corn grains will be full. The crop
is one that is subject to many circum
stances , but rain at the proper time
will make a great difference. Thl
shows the importance of keeping the
surface of the sail loose , thus afford
ing a mulch and preventing loss o #
moisture.
* i
Cntllo SJinrt , Meat l p. {
The report comes from Chicago that
dearth of shipments of the prime grade
of cattle is responsible for the advance
on meats , according to the packers.
They assert that competition for th
choice cuts is stronger now than befor !
the financial pinch. Beef , veal and !
pork have been soaring upward Jn pric
for a week , but with "dressed E&eep"
quoted at 13 cents a pound to the
wholesaler , chicken Is cheaper thaa'
lamb or mutton chops.
George Duddleston , a veteran whole
sale dealer in the meat business In
Chicago since 1S70 , says this is the flrst
time sheep have been quoted at 13 >
cents. Dressed beef has advanced $1 ,
a hundred. The latest jump In lamb-
and mutton was from 3 to 5 cents , andj
pork was Increased 2 cents a pound.
Veal is the only meat that has not In
creased.
Profit In Poultry.
One farmer down East , in order to
find out where the leaks and where ths
gains were , kept an exact account with
every department of his farm. He dis
covered that he was losing money on
his beef cattle , that hogs just paid for
themselves , that sheep were good If
his lambs came early , and that the
poultry made the largest per cent of
profit of any feature of his farm. Tb.0
result was that he quit fooling with
beef and hogs and put more money and
time Into poultry. The Increased pros
perity on that farm was so marked that
he wrote out for publication his expe
rience.
Because a hen is small and a steer
is big is a child's reason for having
contempt for the former and respect
for the latter , says Farmers' Voice.
One of the biggest money makers In
the world Is the street car business ,
which depends entirely upon its Income
of -cent sales. A stick of chewing gum
costs but a penny , yet just recently a
syndicate was organized with over $1-
000,000 capital to make "trust chewing .
gum. " It will pay the farmer and his y
wife to consider the money there mav1
be made in poultry If wisely directed.
Organize the hen on a business basis ;
put up new , clean , airy quarters ; get
proper egg-making feeds ; learn tha
value of cleanliness , light , warmth and
sunshine In winter ; get a good IDCU-
Lutor and control your hatches so that
you wM have winter layers , broilers ,
etf\ . when they are most profitable.
You will soon learn that for the money
invested and labor required , the hen la
th ? most economical and highly effi
cient converter of rough feeds Into
money you have ever tried.
Farm Profession.
It is well in the higher education
that the candidates for all professions
drink at the fountain of common knowl
edge. It Is only after acquiring an
education that the mind Is broadened
to choose a profession adapted to its
innate taste and qualifications. It
were better that the young man make
a good lawyer or pharmacist than an
indifferent farmer. The professions
need to be recuperated from the
sources of natural supply , which em
brace natural qualifications inherited
from national character. The fact
that a boy Is born on the farm does
not necessarily destine him for an agri
culturist , and education will bring oat
his latent talents and reveal to hlih-
self the profession to which ho IB best
adapted.
The inhabitants of cities are mada ,
up of n population from all sources.
The city-born boy may inherit the In
stinct of a farmer and find his great
est success In life in following hus
bandry , lie wants to get back to na
ture and live the simple life , free from
the strife and tumult of a great city.
Ele should be encouraged to follow
liis natural inclination and achieve the
Jestlny for which he Is qualified by
nature.
While philosophy and general
knowledge are taught In the publlo
schools , the general curriculum should
Include a primary course In agricul
ture. A profession which include *
nearly one-third of the population and
produces more wealth than any other
occupation should be exploited In tha
public schools. So Indissolubly Is agri
culture associated with national pros
perity in nil governments of the world
Jiat the leading nations of Europe
mve added a primary course In agri
culture to the common school curri
culum. If it accomplishes no other
; oed it will Inspire attention to the
Benefits of farm life as a vocation to
nany who are pre-eminently adapted
o the profession. It gives every boy a
chance to see the advantages of hns-
jandry and an opportunity to decide 0
'ollow agriculture or some other pro-
"ession. To one who is adapted to
igrlcnlture husbandry Is the most ex-
ilted nnd independent of the profes
sions , but to one with innate talents
'or some other vocation farming Trill
> rove a failure. GoodaU's Former
