VI !
f
inaons of Great Papers on Important Subjects.
HAISE THE PAY OF SOLDIERS.
DISCUSSION of what is wrong with our
army is proceeding In Now York newspa
pers. Many defects are pointed out. but
the most important of them Is the wretch
edly small pay that is given private soldiers.
In these days.of prosperity § 13 a month ,
board and clothes is very small pay for an
able-bod man. With all allowances counted in , the sol
dier at most receives not more than S. > cents a day for
lis ? Forvicos , and in return for that has to endure dis
comforts and indignities that make hi.s work trebly hard.
Tlie- average man can do much better outside of the army ,
and knowledge of this fact has made desertion a common
oSTense. It is no wonder that the army finds it difli-
onlt to maintain its strength. The marvel is that there
re any soldiers at all.
If. as in Europe , every citizen had to serve in the
army , the matter of pay would be of little consequence.
But the army is in the labor market in competition with
other < v jiations. and that competition ought to be met.
TJu * soldier should be paid wages equal to what he could
earn outside the army. Out of his J18 a month he haste
to juiy fur his 'laundry and barber bills , pay for altering
the clothing the government gives him , 1)113- materials for
cleaning and keeping in good condition his arms , equip
ment and clothing , and even buy soap , towels , comb ,
toothbrush , etc. These expenses do not leave him with
xuuch money to spend or save.
Congress should take up this matter and see if it is
aot iwssible to increase the soldier's rate of pay. That
is the only way to make military service attractive , pre-
T < nt desertion and maintain the strength of the army.
Chicago Journal.
POSTAL SAVINGS-BANKS.
> STMASTEH GENERAL MEYER has an
nounced his intention to recommend to Congress -
gross the passage of a law to permit the
post oflices to receive the small savings of
the people. His plan provides for paying 2
per cent interest on deposits , lending the
money to national banks at 2U per cent ,
'
nd limiting to $230 the amount received from any indl-
Titlual.
The purpose of the proposed postal savings banks Avill
be to provide a safe place for money that is HOAV hoarded
.at home , and to get that money into circulation. Mr.
Meyer believes that many foreigners Avho IIOAV use the
post office as a safe deposit vault by im-estin.g their saA--
Ings in money orders Avill be attracted by the plan , and
that in districts Avhere there are no savings banks it Avill
l peal to all the people.
Postal savings banks exist in all the great countries of
Europe save Germany. In Great Britain there are 10-
CCO.OOO depositors. Avith an average deposit of about $ SO.
la England more than one-half of
- the depositors are -u-om-
en and children , and in Austria a similar proportion are
under 21 years old. In the United States the postal
savings bank is not a HOAV idea. President Grant twice
recommended its establishment , and Presidents Hayes
and Arthur urged its consideration upon Congress ; and
the State Department last winter , in response to a reso
lution of the House of Representatives , supplied the Con
gressmen with t report on the operation of the system in
Europe.
The deposits are treated as a loan to the government ,
which , Indeed , they are. In England a higher rate of
Interest is paid than on the rest of the national debt
That is , the banks are conducted at a loss. They also
drain the rural districts of ready money , for all the de
posits go to London , to the Bank of England. '
The development of a country community depends on
ready money. A local bank lends its deposits to the people
ple of the town , thereby supplying capital to those who
need it , or it invests in town and county beads , keeping
the money at home. The postal bank , as it exists abroad ,
diverts the local savings from local investments.
The Postmaster General wishes to attract the savings
of those who now USG no banks , and thus to encourage
thrift. Youtlr's Companion.
comrcaY EOYS IN CITIES.
COLUMBUS SUN is preaching the usual
5ip sermon to boys of the country and small
to\vns. advising them to stay aAvay from the
cities , and that they are far better off In
rural communities than bj- tempting for
tune in the more congested centers of pop-
ulation. It Is the same o'.d sermon , preached
in the same old way , but the Sun writer has one variation
Avhich Is not borne out by the facts. He says :
"Will the young man of village or rural residence never
awake to the fact that he has very little show In compe
tition with the lad who has been reared among and up
to city ways ? Fully 90 per cent of the country boys
going Into cities to work llyeJlves drudgery . and dis
appointment they all wish they had "never left home.
Their risk lg greater than the gain. "
So the country or village boy has little show in compe
tition with the lad AA'ho has been reared in city ways ?
This would be decidedly interesting if true. The Bla < ! e
does not believe It to be true. If the Sun editor vill
circulate among the successful business and professional
men of Columbus there Is little doubt he will find that
a large per cent of them came from farm and village.
They entered Into competition with city boys and carried
off their full share of the honors. Other boys f om the
rural dlstrlcto are doing the same to-day. 1 ? is true
of Toledo , and It will hold good in almost all cities.
As a rule the country boy is not afraid of. work , and
long hours do not \\-orry him. He is accustomed to work
ing early and late , and this counts In city as well as In
village or on farm. Persistency is a preat factor in
bringing success , and as a rule the country boy is more
persistent than his city cousin.
After all , everything depends on tb-s boy. If lift has
the right stuff In him he Avill be successful whether his
birthplace happens to be on a farm r In a crowded city.
If he has a healthy body and mind , oed habits , the right
kind of associates and the deterra'nation to win , coupled
with intelligent effort , he is certain to succeed. Far
more depends on the charactec'Stlcs
of the boy than on
the place of his birth. Toledo Blade.
couldn't work me , " said the
Jonag man with the unusually long
liead , boastfully. ' 'There ain't none of
asm in , as fur as that goes , " he added.
"When I was a young chap like you
'theynud ! all work me for all I was
worth , and as long's they'd a mind to , "
observed the old man with the clean ,
iiink face and white chin beard. "I
enjoyed it/ '
* * They < -an't work me , " repeated the
young man with the long head. "I
dou'i fall for it. What is there in it
lor me ? "
"Fascinatin * society. " suggested the
old Juan.
"I can visit with myself an' not get
: cN" said the young man. "I've
found myself pretty good com
pany without blowin' myself for out
siders. If I blow any money , it's going
to be on t-omething that'll do me good.
I'm a good feller , an" there ain't no good
reason why I shouldn't treat myself
well. Why would I take her to the
show once when I can take myself
twice for the same money ? "
"If you put it that way , maybe
.you're right , " said the old man.
"Sure I'm right. I've been working
for usyself. an' there ain't no reason
why I shouldn't let myself have a little
* n nmv and then. She ain't done
nothia' for me as I know of , an' what's
jsore , she ain't likely to. "
"I suppose she ain't , " admitted the
old man. "Still , " he said , "a good ,
cusky-liui't woman who wasn't particu-
Jar what she took to you , so it was
heavy and handy , might do a whole lot
lor you if she was married to you. "
" 1'ra too foxy for that. "
"And too fond of yourself ? "
"Sure. Why wouldn't 1 be ? 'S I
any , I'm good to myself. "
"I ain't dlsputin * that , my son. " said
the old man. "AnylxKly can see that
with half an eye. The question is ,
why should you be ? "
"I don't know any bcUi'r friend I've
got. " ' - . i'l the young man.
"I d < . " said the old one. "You're
dohig yourself hurt with everybody ,
and that ain't the part of a friend.
TVhafc is there alx > ut yourself that
.you're so stuck on ? You ain't hand-
.oome. I never saw a worse knock-
kneed specimen than you are. I don't
see how any girl would Avant to go tea
a show with a face like you've got. If
you ask me I believe you were lying
when you said she was trying to work
you. "
"I wouldn't tah that kind o' talk
from you if you wasn't an old man. "
"Yes , you vould. You mean , if I
didn't have this good hickory cane be
tween my knees. I heard you take
worse not so long ago , and not bat an
eye. But I'm just talkin' friendly to
you. I'm tryin' to show you that you
don't deserve all the warm feelin's
you're cntertainin * for yourself. You
may be honest , but you're so darn
stingy mean it ain't no better than
steal in' . You ain't smart , or you
wouldn't brag the way you do and give
yourself away. You ain't even got a
good job. because nobody likes you well
enough to give you one or boost you
in any way , shape or manner. It Beats
me to see people like you goin' around
all the time an' huggin' theirselves
when there's such a many better things
they might hug. and the end of it's
the same every time. They all wind up
by hating themselves mighty nigh as
bad as they do everybody else. You
just go away by yourself somewheres ,
son. an' ask yourself the question ,
Wha-t am I that I should try to give
myself the best end of it all the time ? '
Then look around you an' see if you
can't like some one else better. "
"Shall I start in on you ? " asked the
long-headed young man , with a grin.
"Start in on a yellow pup and work
up. " suggested the old man. "I'll tell
you. son , and it's for your good : the
warmest feel in' most of us can afford
to have for ourselves is respect"
Chicago Daily News.
A Good SI rii.
Young Lawyer Is it a creditor or a
client who is waiting to see me ?
Clerk It must be a client , sir , I
think , as he was just putting your sil
ver ink-stand in his pock'ct as I came
in. SImpliccissimus.
If a girl Is homely , it is safe to as
sert that she is a great deal of help to
her mother.
POE AND DETECTIVE STORIES.
"Tl > Ravcn'.i" Author Lifted Sleuth
Voa-dN to the Plzinc of Literature.
Jn the true detective story as Poe
conceived It in the "Murders In the
Stue Morgue , " it is not In the mystery
itself that the author seeks to Inter *
est the reader , but rather in the suc
cessive steps whereby his analytic ob
server Is enabled to solve a problem
that might well be dismissed as beyond
human elucidation , says Brander
Matthews in Scribner's. Attention I <
centered on the unraveling of the tan
gled skein rather than on tne knot It
self. The emotion aroused is not mere
surplse. It Is recognition of the un
suspected capabilities of the human
brain ; it Is not a wondering curiosity
as to an airless mechanism , but a
heightening admiration for the analy
tic acumen capable of working out an
acceptable answer to the puzzle pro
pounded. In other words , Poe , while he
availed himself of the obvious advan
tages of keeping a secret from his read
ers and of leaving them guessing as
long as he pleased , shifted the point of
attack and succeeded In ghlng a hu
man interest in his tale of wonder.
And by this shift Poe transported
the detective story from the group of
tales of adventure Into the group of
portrayals of character. By bestowing
upon It a human interest he raised It
In the literary scale. There Is no need
now to exaggerate the merits of this
feat or to suggest that Poe himself was
not capable of loftier efforts. Of
course , the "Fall of the House of
Usher , " which is of Imagination all
compact , Is more valid evidence of his
genius than the "Murders in the Rue
Morgue , " which is the product rather
of his invention , supremely Ingenious
as It is. Even though the 'detective
story as Poe produced it is elevated far
above the barren tale of mystery which
preceded It and which has been revived
In our own day , It Is not one of the
loftiest of literary forms , and Its pos
sibilities are severely limited. It suf
fers today from the fact that In the
half century and more since Poe Bet
the pattern It has been vulgarized , de
based , degraded by a swarm of Imita
tors who lacked his certainty of touch ,
his Instructive tact , his Intellectual In
dividuality. In their hands it has been
bereft of its distinction and despoiled
of its atmospliere.
Ills Flrnt Inference.
"What are those dun clouds going to
do ? "
"Guess they are trying to collect
rain. " Baltimore American.
You can't realize how little money
there Is In a $5 bill until you break It
Half a dozen unions are in process of
formation in Fargo , N. D.
A new union of steam engineers was
recently installed at LoAVcll , Mass.
Barbers in London , Ont. , have received
an increase of $1 a Aveek in Avages.
Minneapolis will entertain the 100S
conA-ention of the Bartenders' Union.
A neAV district council of carpenters
has been organized at St. Paul , Minn.
Boston Wood , Wire and Metal Lathers'
Union 'hns ' established a local sick and
death benefit system.
The Sheet Metal Workers' Union New
England convention decided on a vigorous
organizing campaign in all the six States.
The second quarter of this year result
ed in an increase in Avages for 7,010 men
employed in the building trades of Can
ada.
Unions affiliated Avith the American
Federation of Labor publish 2-15 weekly
or monthly papers devoted to the cause of
labor.
labor.Work
Work has been delayed on the Labor
Temple in Los Angeles , Cal. , but it is ex
pected to be ready for occupancy by the
'irst Aveek in January.
The International Brotherhood of
Teamsters has spread over the United
States and Canada , and has in aggregate
membership of over 125,000.
A recent conference at S\A\insen , Eng
land , between unions engaged in the steel
trade and the employers resulted in an
eight-hour Avorking day being conceded.
The district over Avhich the Chicago
Carpenters' Union extends contains about
12.000 men , inclusive of about 2,000 wood
Avorkers in the mills , Avho iiaA'e lately
joined the carpenters.
Members of the International Union of
Flour and Cereal Mill Workers will use
the .stamp system in the payment of dues
hereafter. The change was decided upon"
at the recent coin-entiou in Bloomington ,
111.
The Typographical Union of Denver ,
L'olo. , has taken steps to have sanitary
rules carried out in printing offices in that
'ity. It Avill , through a committee , pay
particular attention to light and ventila
tion ,
Electro-magnets are noAV much used in
connection Avith cranes and other conveyors -
ors for lifting heavy pieces of iron and
steel. The Illinois Steel Company has a
magnet Aveighing 1,200 pounds \vhich lifts
six tons.
ShipAvrights formed a society in New
York City in ISOo. and the tailors and
also the carpenters did this in 180(5 in the
i--ame town. This may be sai.l to have
been the beginning of labor unionism in
the United States.
The last season has been a record j
breaker for the Structural Iron Workers' f
Union at Minneapolis , Minn. , and there j
has never been a time since the building j j
season opened last spring AA'lien enough
men were aA'ailable to meet the demand.
John II. Brinkman. secretary-treasurer
of the International Carriage and Wagon
Workers of North America , announces !
that at an early date he Avill begin the | i
publication of a monthly journal Avhich ,
\
will be the official organ of his organiza- f
tion. l i
The labor situation in Austria is uni"
|
settled. RaihA-ay men 'are threatening to
strike , and much dissatisfaction exists
among miners , textile Avorkcrs and other
workmen. Three thousand foundrymen in
Vienna are on strike for a nine-hour day f
and higher AA-ages. [
Boston Methodist ministers' meeting is !
to join the Boston C. L. U. It Avill send i
fraternal delegates Avhr < vill h.u'e a voice [
but no vote. The Woman's Trade Union ,
Woman's League and seA-eral other sim
ilar organizations are already affiliated
under the same plan.
The experiment of recruiting skilled j
labor in England for Canadian factories j
has now been tried for seven months , and
the committee of the Canadian Manufac
turers' Association , which is responsible
for the Labor Burrau in London , is abun
dantly satisfied AA-ith the experiment so
far as it has gone. i
As a means of inducing a good attend
ance of members at its meetings , the
Milhvrityhts' Union of Minneapolis has
adopted a novel plan. As an inducement
to members to turn out to the regular
meetings it has been decided to haA-e a
drawing at each meeting , Avhich Avill give
some member a receipt for a month's
duos. Names of all members present will
be placed on slips and handed to the secretary -
rotary , and at the next regular meeting
one of those Avill be draAvn. In order to
get the prize a member must be present. .
In SAvedeii the present year shoAvs a
marked increase in disputes betAveen em
ployers and employes : and although some
serious disputes , affecting a large number j
of hands , Avere luckily settled without
strike or lockout , the number of strikes
'during 1007 has been doubled as compar
ed with the same period of 1U05. Dur
ing the first quarter of IDOo there were
thirty-seven cases of Avork being stopped ,
directly affecting 102 employers and 2.700
men ; the figures for the same period in
1000 Avere forty-eight stoppages of labor ,
affecting fifty-three employers and 2,300
men , and during the first quarter of the
present year there Avore sevonry-two stop
pages , affecting eighty-seven employers
and 'VIOO men. At the time of draAving
up the report five disputes Avere still
pending , forty-nine had resulted in
strikes , thirteen in lockouts and ten Avere
of a more complicated nature.
representatives of more than 100.000
members of the building unions hold a
general convention recently in. New York
City for the purpo-se o planning among
building trade unions in that city a giant
central body in the building trade and
putting an end to all riA-alry.
Owing to the action of the masters in
refusing to grant a raise oC 115 cents a
Aveek , the patternmakers , at .1 ineetin ?
in Belfast , Ireland , decided to go on
strike. Nearly t\vo hundred men are con
cerned , and it is feared their action may
affect the Avhole engineering Jradc in th < ?
city.
CONSCRIPTION IN ARMY
OE MORE PAY TO MEN.
.Enforced Service Faces American
People , Declares Adjutant
General Ainsworth.
Unless radical measures are enacted
to induce men to enlist in the United
Stales army , conscription must be re
sorted to. declares Major General F. C.
Ainsworth. adjutant general , in his an
nual report.
"Notwithstanding the most strenuous
efforts on the part of the War Depart-
i'-e-it and the recruiting officers , " su3"S
General Ainsworth. "it has been found
hr-ioss'il.l ; ? wholly to make good the
lois. . to say nothing1 of increasing the
eIi-fd : : ! strength to the authorized lim
it. If i > ror.nt conditions continue there
v - : be nothing for the government tote
to ; ; ; meet this competition by mate
rially incrvnsiug the soldiers' pay or
< > i-vndf competition altogether by a
: os.-rt to conscription. ' '
Never before has such a suggestion
foul.- from an ollicer clothed with the
.lifMi-ity to make recommendations.
The idea of compulsory enrollment of
iudi\idunls for the military service has
bu-i held abhorrent to republican priu-
< -ii > Kand the absence of such a law
\ < one of the most forceful arguments
1vd 1 in attracting desirable mnnigra-
j thi : fivni Europe.
I Oin.-ials of the War Department an
ticipate that the possible necessity for
sii"h action outlined by General Ains
worth will prove eliicacious in securing
j consideration by Congress of the in-
ere.-isv of pay bill. It is with the great
est nluctance that army officers enter
tain the ( bought of conscription , but
generally they agree with General
Ai.Mvorth that it either must come to
' that extremity or more money must
I be provided for the soldier if the stand-
irg of the annjis to be maintained.
|
| 1 INDIANS TO EIGHT I3TOIANS.
,
t Llexico Pits Yaquis Against Mayas ,
Decreasing Both Tribes.
The Mexican Avar department , by di-
j
I rootion of President Diaz , is trying the
experiment of using the Yaqui Indians
to light the Mayas. The uprising of
i' j the Maya Indians against federal au
thority began several months ago. and
5 I it has spread until practically all the
j members of that tribe are no\v in arm-
j. I'd rebellion. The Yaqui Indians , like
*
' the Mayas , are AA-aging a bloody con-
| ii-t ! against the government troops ,
; aiuT tion ) the peaceful settlers of their
j territory in the State of Sonoro. The
j j government has been trying for several
} i years to put doAvn the Yaqui rebellion.
It has succeeded in largely decreasing
the force of Indians by capturing hun-
rtids of them and deporting them to
! ! u > Quintana Roe territory , in what
was formerly Yucatan. The Maya In
dians formerly occupied all of what is
I.OAV calledQuintana Roo. They were
b'-iught under temporary subjection
: : bout 10 years ago , and the new territory -
tory Avas created by the government
and was opened up for settlement. The
Mayas soon Avent on the Avar path
; again , and there has been no settle-
" ment of the territory that Avas formerly -
ly occupied by them. The government
soldiers IUIA'C had all that they could
do to keep the territory from being re
taken by the Mayas.
The Maya Indians have been making
federal troops that were sent against
them during the last feAv months that
the order was given to augment the
forces of the Mexicans by organizing
the Yaquis AVho had been deported to
Quiutana Roe into military companies.I
It was belicA-ed that this experiment
of pitting the Yaquis against the Mayas
Avould prove successful from the fact
that the few peaceable Mayas who had
come into contact with the Yaquis
seemed to sluma natural hatred for
that race of Indians. -
DATA ON WATERWAYS.
Commission in "Washington Con
siders Plan of Big Scope.
Tlnk inland waterways commission ,
in session in Washington , considered a
plan for the development of water
ways looking toward the restoration
of navigation not only on the Missis
sippi 1 liver , but on other waterways
in A-arious parts of the country. The
.commission has been encouraged in
this movement by the various Avater-
Avay conventions that haA-e been held
recently.
The commission is ; working on a pre
liminary report which it Avill make to
tlis President outlining the general
scope of its plan and Avhich it expects
later on to supplement by statistics ,
which it has collected relating to the
decrease in water transportation and
the inadequacy of railroad transporta
tion. The proposed "lakes to the gulf"
channel movement , which is already
under way. Avill receive first attention
from the commission. Avhich has made
two trips down the Mississippi Kiver
iirvestigating river conditions , rates ,
both rail ana Avatcr. terminals , ports
and the general question of river trans
portation.
SHOUT NEWS NOTES.
Gov. Folk made an address at the open-
nr : of , the Miner- . * Confess at Joplin ,
Mo. A
The Aero Club of NOAV England AA-as n
oriranizfHl at 'Boston Avith thirty-seven tl
members. tlt
The interior of the Albert Theater at
Berlin. .N. II. . AA-US burned out. 1'he loss
is $100,000.
t :
The necessity of a Department of Mines
n
In the national cabinet was iirsed at the
Miners' Congress at Joplin. Mo.
1 :
the Panama canal
Construction work ou
nal will bo rushed next year. Thirty-
, arc to oa
two millions , approximately
A.
James
expended. Congressman
Tnwncy of Minnesota , chairman of the
, just returned
committee on appropriations
turned from Panama with seventeen
members of the committee , predicts
Hint the canal will be completed by
Dec. 31. 3014.Vo found everything
going along in the most satisfactory
" declares.
way. the Congressman
"There may be a million cut off the
sum of $32,000,000 asked for construction
demands in the main
tion , although * \
have been moiUt. Reductions will be
ask-d in only a few depart incuts. "So
cial conditions there are better gener
ally than among the workmen of the
United States. Workmen are well
cared for and satisfied. We found the
employes , clerical , medical and engin
eering , were paid HO per cent more
than at home , while quarters are fur
nished. A single man gets a room ;
married men a house. Canal men are
paid one-third more than at home , and
they can live more cheaply. The gov
ernment sells them supplies at a lower
rate than home prices. Ice water and
liglit are cheaper than in New York.
Sanitary conditions are all that can bo
desired. "
In all the money centers of the coun
try , as Avell as in Wall street , the news
of the government's bond and note is
sues caused a feeling of relief and the
financial skies were clearing. Every ,1
where bankers AA-cre eager to get the
new securities and there was no need
of an underwriting syndicate. Many
sent telegrams of congratulation to the
President and Secretary Corteli'oiu
Subscriptions to both issues haA'c al
ready begun to pour in. Nevertheless
Chicago's clearing house carried out its
project of issuing certificates in denom
inations of $1. $2 , $ . - > and $10 , and over
$3,000,000 in these were eagerly
grabbed for current business needs. At
New York quantities of currency
brought 2 and 3 per cent on the curb.
Cut at the same time arrangements
were in progress for a resumption of a
cash basis all over the countiy. The
indictment of three officials of the Bor
ough Bank of Brooklyn for false re
ports of the bank's condition AA-as taken
as another sign of the financial housecleaning -
cleaning in progress.
Three railroad companies , the Atch
ison , Topeka and Santa Fe , St. Louisl
and San Francisco , and the Missouri
Pacific , haA-e absolutely declinedto
comply AA-ith an order of the Postoflice
Department that for the next forty
days these roads should carry empty
mail bags and other mail equipment
back to the distribution centers Avith-
out compensation therefor. The reason
for this order AA-as a desire to prevent
a tie-up or congestion of mail during
and just preceding the holidays. To
this end , it was thought that it would
be well to haA-e the equipment trans
ferred more speedily than can be done
by * freight , which is the method pro
vided. While there
is some doubt as
to the right of the department to en
force its order , the law permits the use
of the express companies for the pur
pose in question , which would meet the
emergency , though -
proA-iug rather ex
pensive.
The military authorities of the varl
ous governments have not overlooked
the important part which airships Avill
probably play in the Avars of the fu
ture , and are making active prepara
tions for both offensive and defensive
operations along tins line , it is re
ported that Captain Thomas T. Love
lace , the aeronaut
,
recently made a bal
loon trip over the walls of Fort Wads-
worth , New York Harbor
, and took a
series of bird's-eye
photographs of the
fortifications , showing the entire
prie-
ticability of obtaining information In
this way This material
was turned
over to the War
Department , and it is
intimate that the
aeronaut will bev
en a commission in
the United Stages
Army Balloon Corps.
Developments in regard to the pend-
mg prosecutions of the whlskv
dealers
for violation of the pure food law i „ iT-
cate that the
question
as to wit
should be construed
as pure
was finally decided bv President
volt , to whom the matter
Dr. Tl
Hey
chemist
of the Depart
the
y must be the
Delegates from""fiv
Sta.e Root and Ambass
Mexico at
Washington
to
manent peace prom-am S- -
'
the temporary elm n , "
the : delegates
bow responsible those
late it. . .