_ I _ * m' * * V
BAIIOONS IN EACE.
;
.FOUR GREAT NATIONS VIE IN
AERIAL CONTEST.
"Nino Tennis of I.cn.iliii r Countries of
IHo "World Itnce Amid Hie Cloud.s
at the In < erimiinil Air.ship Co -
nt St. Ioui.s.
Nine mammoth balloons , represent
ing four of the great nations of the
world , started at St. Louis Monday
.afternoon on a voyage which was ex-
.pected to add an important chapter to
the history of aerial navigation.
The contest was known officially as
the second international aeronautic
cup race , and the yri/.e , a massive sil-
rer trophy and $2.500 in cash , was to
be awarded to the pilot < vhose skill
.ami daring should "land his car farthest
from ( he starting paint. As the bul-
ioons were of similar design and ma
terial the race would go to the French ,
English , German or American aero
naut who was capable of taking the
t .best advantage of favorable winds and
who lost the least ground under ad
versity.
The race marked the entrance of the
United States into competition with
| : ihe European nations in a Held which
Jiad been left almost exclusively to
them in the past. It was through the
winning of the cup Isat ycir : in a race
-from Paris by Lieutenant Frank P.
Lahm of the United States army that
the contest was brought to this coun
try. The three American teams are
all that were allowed to enter under
the rules of the competition , but so
.Sreat has interest grown that the Aero
Glul > of America , which was in charge ,
could bare enteml many times the
number of balloons permitted.
The average person who reads about
TO PAY LOUISE'S DEBTS ,
QUEEN SELLS HER GEMS.
An auctioneer has been commissioned
to sell the linens , jewels , souvenirs , etc. ,
belonging to the late Queen of Belgium ,
the procersls to be devoted to paying the
debts of her daughter , Princess Louise ,
who TTOS divorced last year by Priucc
Philip of Saxe-Col > urg and Gotha. Among
the objects thus to be sold is a diademi
presented to the queen by the people of
Belgium on the occasion of her silver wed
ding anniversary. The diadem cost § 30-
OOU.
Dr. Coolcc .Aliend of Pciiry.
That another famous American explor
er , Dr. Frederick A. Cooke of Brooklyn.
X. Y. , is now at. the head of aa expedi
tion safely in winter quarters at Etah.
Greenland , G. > 0 miles south of the north
pole and north of the farthest Peary sta-
WHY JAPAN WANTS NO WAR.
Another SlriisjrJe "Would luipono an
Unbearable Kinaiiviiil Sirnln.
.Japan's national debt is $1,100OIK,030. )
& sum equaling almost one-seventh of her
total national wealth. Of this amount
$57:1,135,500 : represents loans made
abroad for carrying on the wars with
China and with Russia , and the remain
der internal obligations. Tiiesc loans
bear , on an average. 5 per cent interest ,
making her interest item alone some $55-
000,000 annually. To meet this debt ,
principal and interest , and to provide for
her running expenses , Japan has a reve
nue , estimated , for the present year , at
$308,227,000 , derived in large part from
direct taxation ou land , incomes , business ,
mining , customs , sugar , bourses , etc. The
fact that this estimate exceeds that of
1D01 by $141,494,000 affords a striking
illustration of the increasing strain upon.
the taxpayer in paying the cost of wars.
Furthermore , there has boon an Increasa
in the annual pension expense of Japan of
from $15,000,000 to $18,000,000 during
the past two years. Another war would
mean more interest charges , increased
pensions and heavier taxes upon a people
already overburdened with Avar debt.
Japan could not hope to prosecute a
war against the United States with less
expense than tluit of her ttruggle against
Russia , even if she were successful in ob
taining the necessary funds for conduct
ing the conflict. It will be recalled that
her 40-year 5 per cent bonds for her
$115,000.000 loan in I ondon and Paris
* March IM)3whereas
; ; ist brought only - ; ,
gilt-edged , 40-yoar. 5 per cent investment
securities ought to bring more than par.
If it is true that the money markets de
termine wars in these days it is clear
thai war between the United States and
Japan is not among the possibilities of the
immediate future.
A Successful
It would seem that Count Zeppelin , tht
German enthusiast vlio has exhausted
his fortune in aerial accomplishments-
at last won a triumph which bids fair
to delay -perhaps render impossible tlie
victory of the aeroplane over the dirigible
balloon. lie has driven his latest oar-
I 1 j
AERONAUTS OF POUR NATIONS COMPETE AT ST. LOUIS IN GREAT AERIAL RACE FOR RECORD.
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f
balloon ascensions has very little idea
-of the amount of moral and physical
courage it requires to remain up in
the clouds after the first twenty-four
&ours. The strain on the nervous sys-
fem is something hard to describe un
til It has been experienced. One gets
in that state where he can not -trust
Ills eyes and frequently imagines he
sees great bodies of water beneath him
when he is hundreds of miles away
from anj' coast. In a balloon it fre-
-QTicntly happens that you see the lights
of a city directly in front of you as
.you look dawn from the basket , and in
n few minutes the city may have fal-
Jen squarely behind you. But that does
not prove by any means that you have
-sailed over it Oftentimes the balloon
is whirling around , and you seem to
have swept over a town when in fact
.you may not have moved fifty yards.
In addition to the international
event , in which only ordinary balloons
were allowed to compete , the St Louis
Aero Club offered $5,000 in other
prizes to be competed for by any who
liad an nir craft to enter. In this
competition dirigible , or balloons pro
pelled by motors , took part , as well
as aeroplanes , or any other type of
balloon or airship that has demon
strated that it is anything more than
an experiment.
rion , became known when John II. Brad
ley , the wealthy New York sportsman , re
turned to Xorrh Sydney on his schooner
yacht after landing Cooke , with sleds ,
dogs and provisions for two years. Mr.
Bradley , who is the financial backer of
this expedition , says that their intentions
were kept secret for fear that the Peary
expedition would be stirred to greater ac
tivity. Cooke will leave Smith's Sound
at 70 degrees north latitude , next spring ,
and after crossing Ellesmerelaud , will try
to reach the pole by the open polar sea.
Unlike Peary , Dr. Cooke is to be accom
panied by only two Eskimos and dogs
sufficient for two sleds. The sleds are
built with roofs and warmed with lamps
so that the occupants may sleep while
progress is being made. Two canvas
boats are also carried
From Far and Near.
The best gloss eyes cost about $30
each.
Mrs. H. D. Money , wife of the Sen
ator from Mississippi , died suddenly at
her home near Beauvoir , Miss.
The body of Mrs. W. F. Turner , a
niece of the late Samuel J. Tildcn , was
taken from the river at Detroit. She
had committed suicide.
The Navy Department has awarded to
Armour & Co. , Chicago , the contract for
furnishing 1.000,000 pcimds of beef at
? 70SOO. This is part of the supplies for
the Pacific cruise of the battleship squad
ron.
ship at the rate of thirty-eight miles an
hour. In his recent trial. Count Zeppelin
completely circumnavigated the Lake of
Constance , remaining in the air for four
hours and seventeen minutes , leaving
astern the .steamers that tried to keep up
'with him , passing over five different states
mid making evolutions before- the -win
dews of the royal castle at Friedrich *
haven.
A'ew Type of Motor Boat.
In France there has reeentJy been
launched a motor boat iu which tile screw
propeller is placed at the bow instead of
at the stern. This is the invention of
Andre Gambin , who claims that the boat
is iion-capvsizable. The
screw is known oa
a "typhonoid. " It consists of a msmber
of blades symmetrically distributed
around { in axis tenninatin * in a cylindri
cal tube. Each blade is composed of two
surfaces , one of which is spiral-cylindri
cal , like a loosely rolled sheet of paper ,
with its inner cdgo at the axis flnd its
outer portion forming part of tfie envel
oping tube. The other surface is smaller ,
inclined and hclicoidai like the ihid of
an ordinary propeller. It extends from
the front end of the cylinder to a spiral
line some distance behind the front of tha
ftrst surface or shoot , llio front edges of
both blades buing riveted together so as
to form a cutting edge that slopes back
from the apex to the circumference. Thia
motor is expected to develop a speed of
sixty miles an hour with 100 horse-power.
1171 Henry II. landed in Ireland and
styled himself King of All Hibcrnia.
144S Turks defeated the Huusarhins at
battle of Cossovo.
1520 Magellan discovered and entered
the strait which bears his name.
15-iO De Soto and his force engaged in
battle with the Mobile Indians in
Alabama.
15S2 The Gregorian calendar introduced.
1G12 Champlaau arrived in Canada to
take up his work as governor of the
country.
! 1GSO First general court in America
held at Boston.
1G31 Massachusetts Puritans limited
suffrage to members of Che church.
IOCS Jean Talon resigned his office as
lutendant of New France.
1G75 Hatfield , Mass. , repulsed an at
tack of Indians under King Philip.
IG90 Massachusetts invaders retired
from before Quebec without making
an attack An English fleet from
Massachusetts attacked Qusbec.
1G92 British government took away
William Penn's proprietary rights in
Pennsylvania.
1710 Port Royal , S. O. , captured by an
English fleet.
1725 First issue of the New .York Ga
zette , first newspaper in that city.
174G Bill introduced in the New York
Assembly to raise money for the erec
tion of Columbia college.
VT75 Town of Falmouth ( Portland ) ,
Maine , burned. . . . American troops
captured Charnblj , Qucboc .Pey
ton Randolph , first president of the
Continental Congress , diad.
1777 Americans repulsed British attack
on Fort Mercer , Red Bank , N. J.
17S1 Lord Cornwallis surrendered at
Yorktown , Va.
17SS President Washington started on
a tour of the Northern States.
1793 Marie Antoinette guillotined.
1SOO Spain ceded the territory of
Louisiana to France.
1S03 Congress assembled in extra ses
sion to act on the Louisiana Purchase
treaty.
1S05 Horatio Lord Nelson killsd at the
battle of Trafalgar.
1S12 American sloop Wasp defeated the
British brig Frolic off the coast of
Virginia.
1S13 Napoleon defeated at the battle
of Lcipsic.
1S2G The last "State Lottery" drawing
held in England.
1S2S The Delaware and Chesapeake
canal opened.
1S31 Arms' bill passed for the repres
sion of crime and insurrection in Ire
land.
l&ol British Parliament houses , West
minster , , destroyed by fire.
1S39 Charles Edward Poulctt Thomson
succeeded Sir John Colborne as gov
ernor of Canada.
18-12 First submarine telegraph in Amer
ica laid between Governor's Island
and New York.
1S-15 Mine. Sarah Beruhardt , French
tragedienne , born.
1S4G Nathan Clifford of Maine became
Attorney General of United States.
1S49 Chopin , the great musical com
poser , died in Paris.
1S52 Abd-el-Kaedir , deposed ruler o Al
giers , released from liis confinement
by Louis Nupoleon.
S33 Filibusters , under Col. William
Walker , sailed from San Francisco
to establish a pro-slavery colony in
lower California.
1S5G Seven persons killed in panic in
London while Mr. Spurgeon was
preaching.
1S59 Col.ifj&crt B. Lee captured John
Brown dud his men at Harper's
Ferry.
1SG1 Ool. Baker , friend of LincoLa , killed -
od at battle of Balls Bluff Strat-
ford-on-Aron purchased the birth
place of Shakspeare.
1SG3 Gen. Grant appointed to the com
mand oi the western armies.
1SG4 Gen. Sheridan Corned defeat into
victory at Cedar Creek.
1SGG Austria evacuated Lonsbordy.
1S72 Steamship Missouri banted at sea
witk loss of 87 lives.
1SS3 Cetewayo , king of the Zulus , sur
rendered to the British ,
1S&1 Harris of Lansdon-ne swrorn in
as governor general of Canada.
1SS9 King Carlos otf Portugal ascended
i ie throne.
F
1892 World's Columbian Exposition at
Chicago formally dedicated.
190i Frederick Augustus 151. , ascended
the throne of Saxony.
A. Flontliijj Trout 1'oitil.
One of the novel features of the steam
ship Amerika of the Hamburg-American
line is a tank in which fish , principally
trout and carp , are kept alive and served
to customers in the restaurant when or
dered. The tanks nre of zinc , ami the
water is supplied with oxygen by junnp-
ing air through perforated pipf - extend
ing into the water. More than uOO fresh
trout and 150 carp were sold on a recent
trip from Hamburg to New York.
MAGILLS SET F
nt Decatur Declare *
Is Xot Proven.
Fred H. Ma pi II . .nd his young vdfe ,
Faye Graham Magill , are not guilty of
the murder of Mrs. Pet Gandy Magill
at Clinton , 111. , last May. So declared
the jury in the case at Decatur , actlug
under instructions of Judge Gochran ,
who said that , while the State had
proved beyond a doubt the death of the
first Mrs. Magill , it had failed to show
that a murder had been committed.
This being the case , the jury was or
dered to bring in u verdict of not
guilty.
On May 31 Mrs. Pet Magill was found
dead in her home at Clinton , III. , and a
post-mortem examination held six weeks
after her death showed that she , had been
suffocated by chloroform.
On July 5 in Denver , Colo. , Fred Ma
gill and Miss Faye Graham , a young
woman who had been a close friend of the
family , were married.
Four days later in Snn Diego , Cal. ,
Mag-ill and his second wife were arrested
on a charge of murdering the first Mrs.
FEED H. MAGILL. FAYE MAGILL.
Magill. They were brought back to Clin
ton on requisition papers issued by Gov.
Deneea , and secured a change of venue to
Deoatur.
la the trial the State charged that Ma-
gill and Miss Graham by their conduct-
had driven Mrs. Magill to suicide , and )
were therefore guilty of murder. The de
fense introduced letters written by Mrs.
Magill shortly before her death , in which
she complained of "unbearable headaches"
aad constant "nagging" of her husband's
relatives. Witnesses also testified that
Mrs. Magill had often talked of commit
ting suicide.
In a letter to her husband , written the ,
day before her death , Mrs. Magill asked1
him to marry Faye Graham m case any
thing should happen to her.
3Irs. Be nnt Asnliist Moral Code.
In her address before the twenty-first
aHRual convention of the American sec-
tioa the Theosophical Society a Chl-
co-jje , Mrs. Annie Besant , the new world
president of the organization , took a pro
nounced stand against the adoption of a
fixed moral code , and against the imposi
tion of penalties by the society for any
individual action. She held that Theosophists -
osophists are at one in their desire to
raise the mpral tone of society , and they
differ only as to whether their ideas'
should i > e enforced by penalties. For her
self , she would stand for the affirmation
of their ideals and for efforts to live up
to them. She said : "I appeal to the un
folding divinity in man , and not to the
beggarly elements of coercive laws ; I
gladly affirm my brotherhood with the
lowest , as I reverently hope to be ac
cepted as brother by the highest. " She
said further that none of the great re
ligions had a penalty enforcing its coin-
mawiinents by exclusion , but , on the con
trary , they regarded it as a primary duty
to try to improve their evil-doers. She
thought the Theosophical Society would
not wish to copy the example of those
churches which employ heresy trials and i
excommunications. Such a code would i
be the denial of brotherhood. In illustratj j
iag her point of view in one of her talks ,
Mrs. Besant used the personality of John
D. Rockefeller as an example , saying that j
in his next incarnation he would probably
reappear as a highly developed and per
fected individual ; in fact , almost an
angel. She explained that he would prob
ably retain all of his capacity for doing
things , and slough off the baser motives
and aims actuating his present career.
Tlie society voted by a large majority
against the proposed code.
I
Prairie Schooner on Broadway. i
New York City recently witnessed the |
novel spectacle of an old-fashioned prairie i
schooaer drawn by a yoke of oxen pass
ing down Broadway. This outfit was the
property of Ezra Meeker , who had come j
all the way from Puyallup in the State i
of Washington , traversing the old Oregon j
trail , over which he went to the Pacific j
coast in 1850 , from his home in Ohio , j
Mr. Meeker's purpose in making the trip
east is to arouse public sentiment in fa
vor of a bill which he will have intro
duced in Congress at its next session , to
build a permanent concrete road along the
route o the old trail in commemoration
of the pioneers who constituted the ad
vance guard to the West. It is his in
tention to go to Oyster Bay to see the
President , and will afterwards proceed to
Washington.
% Var Until End of Time.
In a recent address in the army chapel
on Governor's Island. Bishop Henry C.
Potter expressed the belief that while the
objects of The Hague conference were
very beautiful , they were only a dream.
He called the armies of the world the po
lice of the world , contending that their
existence was as necessary to the safety
of the globe as was the existence of the
police to the safety of a man in his home
at night , lie did not Ulieve that peace
would ever prevail , for , said he : "Until
the last day of the earth there will be
armies and there will be wars. "
Interesting News JLteniq.
Railway firemen on all eastern lines
will demand an increase in wages in the
near future. It will be refused by the
companies , officials say.
In Springfield. Ohio , George F. Niuffrv ,
former member of the board of public ser
vice , was sentenced to one year ia the
penitentiary for padding payrolls.
Policeman Anton Bachman was shot
and killed by Peter Garrity , a plumber ,
ia Cincinnati. Garrity , it is s.vd. v.aa
intoxicated and fired apparently without
provocation.
The International Spinners' Union has
decided on the establishment of a defense
fund.
The international convention of Steam-
fitters and Helpers will be held in De
troit , Mich. , next year.
The Wisconsin State Federation of La
bor has started a movement for the adop
tion of a universal union label.
In Canada the boot and shoe industry
employs almost lo,000 wage earners. The
annual wage list amour * ? * to § 4G-J4,171.
The International Marble Workers *
Union , while a small one , represents an
almost absolute organization of the craft.
Los Angeles ( Cal. ) Central Labor
Council has requested the American Fed
eration of Labor to take steps to union
ize trades in that city.
Over six millions of dollars was paid
out by organized labor in the United
States last year for sick and death bene
fits , tool insurance , etc.
The average salary paid a national pre
siding officer of a labor union is about
$2,500. In some cases the traveling ex
penses are added to this.
The 12,000 coat tailors of Manhattan ,
who went out on strike last summer while
members of the Brotherhood of Tailors ,
are to form a new national organization
of tailors.
The International Glove Workers' As
sociation has voted to increase its per
capita tax 25 per cent. The purpose of
the increase is to organize "unions in the
smaller cities.
The Oklahoma State Federation of La
bor at its recent meeting adopted a reso
lution in favor of woman suffrage , and
proposes to make this a test question ia
supporting candidates.
The Rhode Island State Federation o
Labor has petitioned the members ot
Congress for the enactment of a law
which would prohibit government bands"
competing with civilian bands. N
A universal price list and the general
eight-hour workday in every section of
the United States and Canada is the plan
proposed by Boston ( Mass. ) Steel and
Copper Plate Printers' Union.
The application of the box makers and
sawyers for a charter in the American.
Federation of Labor lias been referred
to the officers of the Amalgamated Wood
Workers for consideration. If it is found
that the jurisdiction askfd for docs not
clash with that of the wood workers the
charter will in all probability be granted.
Two years ago , at the suggestion of the
Rev. Charles Stelzle , superintendent ai
the Presbyterian department of church
and labor , the custom of observing the
Sunday preceding Labor day as "Labor
Sunday" was introduced in the Presbyte
rian church. This year , it is announced ,
practically all of the 11,000 Presbyterian
pastors in this country preached sermons
analogous to the day , with appropriate
exercises.
Kansas City , Mo. , is going to have a
labor temple , and that at no distant date.
The corner stone for the new home for
labor was laid a few weeks ago with im
pressive ceremonies. More than § 30,000
has already been raised by voluntary
subscriptions for stock , and to show the
earnestness with which the union men
have entered into the project , they have
agreed to give one day's pay toward the-
fund to erect the temple.
The division of information of the
Bureau of Immigration , of which T. V.
Powderly is the chief , proposes to have-
well qualified men and women travel upon
steamships and mingle with incoming
aliens for the purpose of informing them
of labor conditions in this country and
what they may expect upon arrival here.
Through these agents , to , it is expected
to discover attempted violations of the
alien contract labor law.
The ministers of Coffeyville , Kan. , have
adopted a union scale of prices for con
ducting funerals , and they propose ex
tending their organization to all portions
f the State. Recently one of the minis-
ters was called to attend a funeral at a.
neighboring point. lie paid his own car
fare , hired a livery tram and bought his
own dinner after the funeral. The result
was a meeting of the Ministerial Associa
tion and the adoption of a $5 fee for a.
funeral or no service.
Alexander Law , president of the Eight-
Hour League of America , says that the
object of the league is to make the de
mand for the universal eight-hour day the
paramount issue in the next presidential
campaign. The people are agreed that
the eight-hour day is a good thing , ho
says , hence the time has arrived to 'make
it universal in the country. Continuing ,
lie says that all business will in time be
compelled to work to an eight-hour level ,
and the greatest reform since the abolition ,
of slavery will have been accomplished for
all time when this is brought about.
The Supreme Court of the State of
Michigan has handed down a decision of
great importance to organized labor. It
is as follows : "Workingmen have a right
to fix a price upon their labor and refuse
to work unless that price is obtained.
Singly or in combination they have this
right. They may use persuasion to in
duce men to join their organization , pr re
fuse to work except for an established ,
wage. They may present their cause to
the public in the newspapers or circulars
in a peaceable way , and with no attempt
of coercion. If the effect in such a case
is ruin to the employer , there is po re
dress , for they have only exercised their
legal rights. "
If plans of union men in Milwaukee ,
Wis. , are carried out a new labor organ
ization will be formed. It is to be com
posed of bellboys , porters , chambermaids ,
kitchen workers and various other help
around hotels.
Labor unions of Vancouver , B. p. , are
much exercised over the threatened inva
sion of Japanese from Honolulu. The
A'ancouver labor market is greatly over
stocked , yet the records show that up
ward of 2.500 Japanese laborers have ar
rived during the last few months , with
the tendency toward greater arrivals in
the future.