.NO HAGUE PLANO FIXED.
Delegate * Will Airiransje Their
Own Projrmiiime.
The general plan of tbe proceedings
the second Hague peace conference
probably -will follow closely the proce
dure of the first Congress held in 1S9D.
The Dutch government , realizing that
"ithe representatives of the forty-six
powers must be complete masters of
rthe situation , has refrained from in
; any way attempting to control or ar
range a program of procedure. It sim-
jply offers Its hospitality. The same is
ttrue of Russia.
The first thing in order will 'bo the
appointment of committees to consider
-the various subjects inscribed upon
tthe Russian program. These will hard
ily number more than five. Unless the
-question of the reduction or limitation
-of armaments is injected into the pro-
-ceedlngs at the outset , in which event
< the main struggle may be at once pre
cipitated , the -plenary body probably
-will not meet again for ten days or a
fortnight in order that the committees
iSaave nn opportunity to prepare reports.
n general it is not expected that the
Tfull conference will meet more than
-once a week until the work of the com-
/mlttces justifies more frequent ; ses
sions.
Sessions of tbe conference and of the
) -committees will be secret , but it is
probable that a public statement of the
-progress will be issued dailj * if"possi-
The French language , as in 1SOO ,
be the official language of the
-conference , although the advent of the
-South Americans and the growing influence -
* fluence of English may result in a
-compromise whereby the protocols or
vcnlnutes will be inscribed in both
French and English.
The government's official entertain-
raient of the delegates will not be lav-
fish , but rather will 'be in the same good
"taste as is" its attitude with reference
-to the program. 'Nothing will be ar
ranged which will in any way inter
fere with the work of the conference.
"The parliament has. appropriated , -
_ -000 , but this covers the expenses in
-connection with the sittings of the
"hall of the knights , " where tbe con
ference meets. In addition the gov
ernment will give an entertainment ,
TFhlch probably will take" tbe form of
a day trip or excursion to some interesting -
-esting historical spot. The municipal-
iQty will give a formal reception. Queen
J
n n
HALL OF KNIGHTS , WHERE TH E PEACE CONFERENCE MEETS.
* * vVilheliaina , out of her private purse ,
-xlll also entertain the delegates as a
* body. Beyond these official functions
-there will be much private entertain-
" 2ns by the Dutch aristocracy and
* -among the diplomats themselves.
Minister Hill is extremely anxious
-that the ceremony of the laying of the
-corner stone of the palace of peace , to
-which Andrew Carnegie has subscribed
$1,500,000 , shall take place before the
' conference adjourns.
Submarine Safety Device.
One of the features of the recent sub-
: narine- tests at Newport was an appa-
vratus for the escape of occupants of a
-disabled craft under water. It is like a
-diving dress in appearance , with head-
.piece and jacket. In the jacket is a
copper flask filled with oxylite. which
generates oxygen. Before closing the
,4jlass face visor , the wearer places a
- tube in his mouth connected with the
: flask and the moisture from his breathIng -
Ing acts on the oxylite so a-s to produce -
* duce fresh air to sustain life. Oxylite
vras discovered by a Frenchman , but its
application to this purpose was made by
-the makers of the Octopus. The test
was made in a hogshead of water , but
-svas not entirely successful. The Octopus -
, pus and Lake made new records recent
ly , when their crews stayed under the
-waves for twenty-four hours.
Constitution Defines the Courts.
In an opinion rendered by Associate
.Justice Brewer of the Supreme Court in
-the case of Kansas vs. Colorado , the con
tention is made that Congress has no
: jower , after creating a court , to limit its
judicial power. This is the position taken
iby former Senator Spooner in his debate
. n the rate bill in the Senate. Justice
Brewer says that the judicial power , of
a. nation extends to all controversies justifiable -
-tifiable in their nature , and when this
-j > ewer was vested in the courts of this
-.nation it must be held to embrace all con
troversies arising within the territorial
:5liniits of the nation , no matter who may
Tte the parties thereto.
Horses Scare in the West.
The scarcity of horses and men in
* the West is one of the most noticeable
-features in the progress of industry , says
' a St. Paul dispatch to the Boston Tran
script. Good draft horses , which eight
years ago were worth only $40 , are now
-celling at $200 to $300 each ; a good
f team is worth $500. These horses are
needed in the lumber woods and on rail
way construction , but not enough can
be had. Men to work in the woods are
being paid $70 a month and board. A
> man with a good team commands wages
-a S9 a day hauling lumber and logs.
CHINESE DIE BY EARTHQUAKE ,
<
Trembler In the Flowery Klnjjdom
Spread * Iluiii.
The steamer Shawmut , on arriving
at Victoria , B. C. , brought news < ? f a
disastrous loss of life following an
earthqualic at Ilsin Kiang. A telegram
received from Pekin by the Nishi Shim-
bun at Tokyo shortly before the Shaw-
inut Hailed reported that < J,000 persona
were crushed to death , a vast number
of houses destroyed and many persons
left starving. The empress dowager
has telegraphed urgent instructions to
the local governors to take measures
to relieve tbe distress.
Ilsin Kiang or Sinklang is a province
in western China , including eastern or
Chinese Turkestan. It is bordered on
the north by Sungaria , on the east by
Mongolia , on the south by Tibet and
on the west by Russian Turkestan. It
is an isolated and rather sparsely set
tled country , theinost numerous of the
(
inhabitants being Kirghizes , Sarts ,
Kalmucks. Usbegs and Tajiks. The seat
of'administration is at Urunichi.
The country is mountainous to a
large extent and , like western Turkes
tan , is subject to earthquakes. Andl-
jan , which is in the Russian portion of
Turkestan , was ruined by an earth
quake in 1002. The climate is severe
and extremely dry. The people are en
gaged principally in agriculture and
stock-raising and in the manufacture
of silk and cotton.
Wall street was surprised Thursday to
learn that the directors of the Union Pa
cific and Southern Pacific roads had au
thorized uo\v issues of $75,000,000 bonds
for the former and $30,000,000 of pre
ferred stock for the latter.
The Burlington Railroad Company baa
issued from the general headquarters an
order. requiring all conductors employed
on its 9,000 miles of road to remove their
whiskers by a certain day or explain thefe
failure to do so. It has also ordered that
white vests and ties shall be worn. The
reason given for the order is a desire to
spcure uniformity , and the more business
like appearance of the smooth-shaven
face.
It was reported from Omaha that the
unorganized clerks and stenographers of
the Harrimau railroads had received a 10
to 20 per cent increase in wages , taking
effect immediately. This action , it was
stated at the Union Pacific headquaretrs ,
was in recognition of the heavy advance
in the c st of living.
Charles M. Schwab of Pittsburg is
credited with being of the opinion that
the steel rail now in .use is not of the
right material or shape to support the
fast and heavy trains of the present day.
He says the only solution he sees is a
nickel steel rail , which , it is estimated ,
will cost three times as much as Besse
mer. 5oine nickel rails have been used
on the Pennsylvania road , and while the
results were not entirely satisfactory ,
they they showed that a nickel rail could
be produced that would surpass all others.
An official of the Carnegie Steel Com
pany has declared that on a recent run of
the Pennsylvania eighteen-hour flyer from
New York to Chicago tweuty rails were
broken by the train.
In the May number of the System
Magazine Edward P. Ripley , president of
the Atchisou. Topeka and Santa Fe Rail
way Company , treats of the mutuality of
interest between the people and the rail
roads , lie takes the ground that the rail
road should be conducted as a cold-blood
ed business proposition , and that only
as it succeeds as such -can it satisfy its
own stockholders or efficiently serve the
section through which it runs. He points
out that it is to the interest of the rail
road to develop in every possible way the
resources aud industries along its line ,
thus inducing traveling and settlement
and increasing the prosperity of the people
ple whom it serves. On the other hand
he contends that the welfare of the people
ple depending on a particular railroad for
service requires that the road be so con
ducted as to enable it to maintain its
equipment and service in first-class shape
and pay a fair dividend upon its stock.
The first statement from the Pennsyl
vania lines west of Pittsburg concerning
the effect of the new 2-cent fare law on
their business has just been issued on
behalf of the Cleveland and Marietta ,
which is entirely in tbe State of Ohio. It
shows that during 1906 the passengers
carried increased IS1 per cent , and that
the number of miles traveled increased
715,530 , but that iu spite of this the pas
senger earnings decreased $4,399 , or about
3 per cent. The report hints that befor
long the passenger service will have to
be curtaxled if the 2-cent rate remains
DEATH FOR KIDNAPERS.
Capital PunlHhment May Be Pro
vided by Federal Lnvrw.
Himself a father and an advocate ol
the rights of the home to the fullest
measure of protection from the govern
ment , It is said that the President will
make kidnaping the subject of a special
appeal in his next message to Congress.
Many members of the national legisla
tive body believe that the stealing of
children to hold them for purpose of
ransom ought to be elevated to the rating
of capital crime , punishable by death.
Whether President Roosevelt will go that
far in his recommendations is known only
by himself , but that he will speak for
'some adequate action is a certainty.
The police authorities favor such a
law. They say that the kidnaper is the
hardest of all criminals to apprehend.
The man who steals a child and keeps it
near him ever has a power which holds
the authorities at his mercy. The instant
they make a threatening move , or seem
to be closing in on the quarry , the kid
naper has only to drop a letter in any
mail box informing the police that un
less they draw off he will kill the child.
Then pursuit is paralyzed.
Stringent laws against kidnaping are
more needed in the United States than
anywhere else. In England and the coun
tries of Europe the child whose parents
have money enough to make it Avorth
while to kidnap him is guarded like a
hothouse plant , and there is little "or no
opportunity to get him. The exact re
verse is true here. Under present con
ditions the risk ofttimes seems worth
while to a desperate man crazed for
cash. If. as many lawmakers desire , kid
naping be advanced to the ; > lace of a
capital crime , with the gallows or elec
trical chair as a certain punishment , it
would take a hardy criminal indeed to
run the risk. Thp comparative ease with
which murderers escape execution would
not apply to a kidnaper. The American
may have charity in a good many in
stances aud perhaps make more allow
ances than he should , but the American
father who sat in judgment on a guilty
kidnaper would certainly find , no mercy
in his make-up when it comes to passing
on the proper degree of punishment.
Fund to FiKfht I nbor UnloiiN.
During the annual convention of the
National Association of Manufacturers at
New York , 300 members were present ,
and James W. Van Cleave of St. Louis
presided. Secretary Gushing said they
had fought successfully against further
legislation for the eight-hour day and
against court injunctions. Treasurer
Stillman said the association now had
an annual income of $180,000. A com
mittee of thirty-six Avas appointed to
raise $500,000 a year for three years ,
the money to be spent in educating the
public as to the right view to take in
labor disputes. A poll of the 3,000 mem
bers on tariff revision showed about three
to two in favor of limited and reasonable
revision , immediately after the next presi
dential election. President Van Cleve
came out for a federal corporation law
for all enterprises engaged in interstate
business. i
NotAvithstauding the mobilization of a
large Mexican army along the Guatema
lan border within the past few weeks ,
the government of" President Cabrera con
tinued in its defiant attitude toward the
demands made by President Diaz of Mex
ico. Intrenchments had been thrown up
by the Guatemalan army , so as to com
mand the town of Ocos , on the Mexican
border.
The Mexican government has begun the
massing of troops along the border of
Guatemala , armed Avith Mausers and
Maxims , and it is understood thafc Presi
dent Diaz and leading officials of Mexico
sympathize with the insurrection against
President Cabrera of Guatemala. Diaz
is determined to stop the turmoil on his
border and bring Guatemala to terms for
the murder of Gen. Barillas Avhile under
the protection of the Mexican goA'ern-
ment.
The unrest which was evident in many
parts of China has now broken into open
rebellion in the province of Kwangtung ,
where several large towns have been at
tacked by the rebels , the residents being
plundered and the public buildings de
stroyed. The moA-ement differs from the
Boxer outbreak of 1000. in that it is di
rected against the ruling dynasty , and
not against the foreigners. Riots were
especially severe in the Swalow district ,
and 10,000 rebels , known as triads , took
the field , headed by Gen. Sun. former
taotai of Nanking. x At Wong Kong ev
ery official was killed , Avhile the German
mission at Lien Chow was destroyed.
The Royal Geographical Society of
London announces that an accurate sur
vey of the mountains of the , Moon in
East Africa shows that the greater and
more important part of them lie in the
Congo Free State , or oa the Belgian side
of the thirtieth meridian. This AA'ould
bring Lake Albert Edward , which . was
named for King Edward when he was
Prince of Wales , under Belgian jurisdiction
tion- . King Leopold is not disposed to
make any concessions in view o recent
English attacks upon his Congo policy. It
is expected that the mountains and water
courses will be renamed. The present
geography of the section was based upon
inacurate surveys of certain explorers
who had little knowledge of .scientific sur
veying.
Premier Stolypin addressed the douma
in response to a challenge from the so
cialists and members of all the left par
ties , numbering OA-er half the body , re
mained outside during the discussion of
the recent conspiracy against the life of
the Czar. A resolution condemning ter
rorism .was then offered by the constitu
tional democrats and passed. Recently
the police raided the committee rooms of
the radical members of the douma , and
this caused great feeling. The radical
leaders say that the stories of the con
spiracy were faked in order to discredit
the radicals in the douma.
EAYWOOD TRIAL ON.
OPENING OF FAMOUS IDAHO'
MURDER CASE.
Harry Orchard , Self-Confessed Slay
er of Ex-Goveraor Steanenberjr ,
* 1
Tell * His Story on the Stand
Prosccutlon'a Startling : Charges.
Boise. Idaho , correspondence :
Harry Orchard , the witness who was
to" lay. the foundation for the case of
the State of Idaho against William D.
Haywood , charged with the murder of
former Governor Frank Steunenberg ,
went on the stand at Boise Wednesday.
The appearance of Orchard marked the
real opening of the case. Orchard by
his own confession is the actual mur
derer of Steuenberg. Haywood is the
first person to be tried on the charge
of that murder and the self-confessed
murderer is expected , according to the
statement of the prosecuting attorney ,
to convict Haywood.
The specific charge against Haywoou
is that he was accessory before the fact
to the murder of Frank 'Steunenberg ,
former Governor of Idaho. Steunen
berg was blown up "with a dynamite
bomb as he entered his front gate on
the night of Dec. 30 , 1905. In every
day speech , the charge is that Haywood
GOLD MINE IN WHEAT.
Government Expert Tell * Hcvr
RlcheM aiay Be Won.
"A handful of wheat is worth less
than a cent ; and yet a single kernel in
that handful may easily be worth half a
million dollars. Is it not worth- little
effort to discover which is the half mill
ion dollar kernel ? "
The Assistant Secretary of Agricul
ture in Washington was explaining one
of the wonderful things of modern plant-
breeding science. Mr. W. M. Hays was
brought up in the Minnesota experiment
station and is one of the authorities on
this subject.
"In fairy stories there were magic
peas and magic beans , which had won
derful power concealed within them. "
Prof. Hays continued. "But nothing in
those fairy stories is really more won
derful than the simple facts. The magic
of , heredity makes a single kernel of
wheat equal to a gold mine , a single
kernel of corn worth a king's ransom ,
a small and despised apple seed equal in
value to the revenues of one of our rich
est commonwealths.
"It is the power to transmit certain
qualities that gives the value. One seed
has it and another has not. That is the
whole proposition.
"Old Peter Gideon bought 10,000 ap
ple seeds , and grew 10.000 apple trees.
There was one in the 10,000 that had the
power to ripen good fruit in the Minnesota
seta winter. That was the magic seed.
That seed has been the parent of all the
fruit in the great Northwest. Its lat
ent power was literally worth aking's
ransom.
-
JTo
knew that Steunenberg was to be killed
and helped plan the murder. Under
the law of Idaho , as of most other
states , an accessory before the fact is
deemed equally guilty with the actual
murderer.
Chief Prosecutor Hawley presented
the Introduction to the alleged trail of
blood that runs through half a dozen
states and leads finally to the doorstep
of Frank Steunenberg , who was blown
to eternity , according to the prosecu
tion , as-a part of a conspiracy within
the Western Federation of Miners a
conspiracy directed by Haywood , Meyer
and Pettibone and executed by Harry
Orchard , Steve Adams and Jack Simp-
kins.
In the remarkable statement to the
jury by J. H. Hawley for the State , a
number of overt acts were charged
against the "inner circle" of the West
ern Federation of Miners. Mr. Haw
ley , however , stated that he was hold
ing other cases in reserve. These he
agreed to submit in writing to counsel
for the defense , but he said that it
would be preferable for the develop
ment of his case if for the present the
announcement were withheld from the
public.
It is understood that the list of mur
ders and other crimes charged against
the Western Federation numbers at
least twenty-six , but the specific cases
mentioned by counsel for the State in
his opening address were some six or
seven. These murders are not confined
to the State of Idaho , but extend to
nearly every mining point In Colorado ,
where there have been mining troubles ,
and to other states.
William D. Haywood , it is declared ,
Is not qn trial for being an official of a
labor union. He is not on trial In any
representative character whatever. He
13 on trial , simply as a citizen , for helpIng -
Ing to murder another citizen.
"So the best grain in our Northwest
States is all the offspring of a single
stalk of wheat numbered 476 of the 1892
plot. This was the most promising plant
grown from 400 seeds selected from the
best then in existence. But , by setting
this plant aside , and raising from it sev
eral crops of seed , a new strain was de
veloped , 'Minnesota 1G9 , ' which grows
from one to two more bushels to the
acre.
"Do you realize what it means to add
a single bushel to the yield per acre :
In ten years it would add $200,000.000"
to the wealth of the country. But at
%
the Minnesota experiment station selec
tion and hybridizing has already pro
duced a gain of 25 per cent in yield.
This per cent , if generally applied , would
add to the world's supply of wheat G2o-
000,000 bushels' . At SO cents a bushel
this would be worth $500,000,000 a
year.
"The cost of breeding this wheat is
about one-tenth of 1 per cent. And yet
some business men say that the man of
science does not realize about business
values ?
"The beauty of plant-breeding is that
any farmer can do it for himself. Pa
tience , rather than learning , is what is
required. A farmer , or small gardener ,
has only to select his subject and go to
work at it. He may originate or dis
cover a new sort which will be a gold
mine to himself and to his section of the
country. "
\ Told in a Few Lines.
Fire at Carnegie , Okla.wiped out the
entire business section of the town , en
tailing a loss of § 65,000. . - < *
Nathan Hzvwk , a veteran of the Mexi
can war and the man who.in 1S48 first
brought east news of the California gold
discoveries , is a hale and hearty citizen
*
of Folsom , Cai
-J kl *
.FILIPINOS ARE IMPROVIDENT. '
Cornell Profcwjior Say * They 1 > a.c1t
Thrift and Self-Control.
The educational and social problems of
the Philippine Islands and Porto Rico
claimed the attention of the members of
the American academy of political and
social science at the recrnt annual meet-
in ? of that body in Philadelphia. Prof.
E. M. Kemmerer of Cornell university , in
speaking of the Philippine savings bank ,
said that the first postal savings bank
\vas opewd for business at Manila oa
Oct. 1 of last year , and by Jan. . ° > 1 of
this year there were sixty-two banks in
operation in various parts of the islands.
At the end of Doccmber , three month *
after the first bank was established , thcra
were 621 depositors. , having on deposit
$92,300. The principal clashes of depos
itors in the order of their numerical
importance were clerks , artisans , profes
sional men. lalorers , soldiers and sailors
and policemen. lie said : "A striking fact
in the figures is that of the G21 deposit
ors up to Dec. 31 r 00 were Americans
and ninety were Filipinos. The evidenca
is sufficientto prove a strong witness to
the truth of the Filipino's reputation
for improvidence , and in so doing to shovr
the imperative need of an educational in
stitution like the postal savings bank and
of carrying on a vigorous educational
campaign through the schools and through
the officers of the bank in the interest of
teaching the saving habit to the rising
generation of Filipinos. For until th
Filipino has learned the lessons of provi
dence , thrift and self-control which ths
saving habit exemplifies and inculcates
he cannot expect any high degree of eith
er economic or political independence. "
CALLED WASHINGTON TRAITOR.
English Girl Start.u Riot In nn.
Oiuahu Ili rh School.
In Omaha the other day a school girl
started a riot by describing George Wash
ington as a traitor. The girl is a pupil
at the high school. She was born in
England and still sees history through
British eyes. In the course of the his
tory class recitation the teacher unsus
pectingly made laudatory remarks regard
ing the "Father of his Country , " which
were more than this English-bred miss
could brook , and she broke forth vehe
mently with "George Washington was a
OK.CPiJLR.-D
-DH.OIO TAX.BK" AT
ATop
base traitor. He abandoned the mothei
country and raised arms against her. Hf
was the real Benedict Arnold of the revcx
lution. " Instantly the class was in aa
uproar , but the English girl held hci
ground and it was several minutes befor *
quiet -was restored.
KILL HOPELESS 'CONSUMPTIVES
looted Speeinllst So Advise * Xatloiial
Tuberculosis Convention.
Dr. S. A. Knopff , the famous New
York tuberculosis specialist , who was dec
orated by Emperor William of Germany
for his work in fighting the white plaguy
and who received a prize of $ o,000 for
the best treatise upon that disease , star
tled the national tuberculosis congress at
Washington by advising that hopeless suf
ferers from tuberculosis be killed quickly
and painlessly by heavy doses of mor
phine. He said it was his practice to do
that , and he regarded it as a sacred duty
that the end might come quickly and pain
lessly.
The committee on medication had mada
a report condemning the use of morphine
and its compounds in these cases , and a ,
bitter debate was in progress when Dr.
Knopff spoke.Doctors Flick and Landls
had approved the report , but favored
using creosote in advanced cases. KnopfZ
was opposed to the use of creosote , but
said he did use herbin and codein , both
of which contain morphine or cocaine.
One of the plans indorsed by the con
gress is to organize classes of consump-
, tivds among workingmen and school chil
dren for home treatment instead of in.
hospitals and sanitariums. Dr. Fulton ,
said the secret of the success of the home
treatment was that not only the patient ,
but the entire family , learned the road *
to health , while the man who returns
from a sanitarium usually cannot changa
his family's mode of life. Dr. Lowman ,
urged the seclusion of consumptive school
children in special classes , which , so far
as possible , nay be taught in the opea
air. '