THE VALENTINE DEMOCRAT
I. M. RICE Editor and Proprietor ,
MARK ZARR foreman.
Entered at the postofiice at Valentine , Cherry county , Nebr. . as Second
/ . Class Matter.
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THURSDAY , JANUARY 17 , 1907.
JAPAN LEAPS TO GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP ,
( Wilshire's Magazine. )
The extraordinary rapidity with
which Japan has passed beyond
the modern capitalistic stage of
society is one of the most interest
ing social phenomena of the pres
ent time. Incidentally it throws
i new light upon the generally ac
cepted Socialist theory that every
group must necessarily pass thru
well defined stages of social eve
lution.
From slavery to feudalism , from
feudalism to capitalism and from
Capitalism to socialism has always
been regarded as the orthodox
succession of stages to the co
operative commonwealth.
Japan , however , provides the
exception. Her development
shows that it is not always neces
sary to travel steadily through
each successive stage. That it is
not necessary even that classes
must succeed each other in a cer
tain rotation as wielders of politi
cal power.
Japan has not passed through
the capitalist stage. It is more
correct to say that she has taken
it in one jump.
The capitalist class , as a class ,
have never held political power in
Japan. Its real rulers have been
and now arethe , feudal aristocracy ,
the samurai , a class corresponding
closely to the military feudal bar
ons of the middle ages.
It is this class which has been
instrumental in launching Japan
into what may be described as
state socialism , or state capitalism ,
whichever term the reader chooses.
The capitalist class proper has not
even played a subordinate part in
the transition. They oppose it in
stead.
One year ago Wilshire's pub
lished a leading article on the
* 'Mutation Theory Applied to So
ciety , " contending that , as it had
never been shown that certain
species suddenly generated new
forms utterly difierent to them
selves , there was no reason why
the phenomenon might not apply
to the movements of society also.
That iti was possible for society to
"mutate" and that progress by
the "slow and painful process of
evolution" was not always indis-
pentable.
"We present Japan as an example
of this possibility. Her transition
from feudalism to government
ownership of industries has been
practically instantaneous. N o
capitalist class within her borders
has fought its way to economic
and political supremacy through
long and arduous struggle. The
process that has occupied other
nations for centuries , has taken
her but a * generation to advance
much further. Feudalism has
"mutated" into an advanced capi
talism , or a preliminary stage of
socialism the reader can again
choose the term.
While we can tell nothing what-
ever of the causes for mutation in
the lower forms of life , the case is
different here. There is no diffi
culty in determining the causes
for the sudden leap of Japan. The
national existence was at stake. It
was a case of life or death with
little time for deliberation. Quick
action was imperative. It was
mutate or die , and Japan mutated.
As Mr. Charles Russell says in
his excellent article in the July
"Everybody's. " "These wise ,
keen-eyed people wathing intently
the trend of the daily progress of
the world , knew well enough that
the real struggles for world power
are commercial , not military. "
Mr. Russell might have added
that this conclusion was an after
thought in reality. What Japan
first perceived was that national
independence apparently rested
on the possession of modern weap
ons. Afterwards she canoe to see
that these in turn rested on in
dustrial development. The first
innovations borrowed from other
nations were not industial but
military. Japan imported modern
rifles , cannon , warships and ex
plosives as a starter. Then she
engaged military specialists , of
ficers , and drillmasters for her
newly organized army. After
wards came the ordinary com
mercial products. Then the ma
chinery to make them , and finally
the Japanese began to manufac
ture the machines themselves and }
place the product of them .on the
world's market.
It is related that in 1853 when
Commodore Perry visited the
island kingdom , his ships brought
many ingenious industrial devices
as presents for the Mikado , but b
they excited little interest. A
small locomotive and a few hun
dred yards of rail were among
them we are told. The Japanese
nobility had these rails laid in a
circle and amused themselves rid
ing around on the engine for
weeks , before the idea occurred to
them that it was possible to lay
the rails in a straight line and thus
get somewhere. Now Japan has
just perfected a plan for the na
tionalization of her extensive sys
tem of railroads.
But Japan saw at once from the
fate of India and her neighbor
China , what her certain fate would I
be if she neglected to provide for
defense against benevolent assimi
lation. And as the first line of
defense was evidently to be found
only in the weapons with which
the aggressors were armed , Japan
lost no time in prividing herself.
The same rapidity of decision
marked her course afterwards in
grappling with industrial prob-
lems. Here is how Mr. Rassell
describes her dealings with the
tobacco trust :
f
Once we enjoyed an abundant
GRANT BO YE R ,
CARPENTER & BUILDER.
All kinds of wood work done to order. Stock tanks made in ail sizes
Valentine , ' . - Nebraska
' trade with Japan in these things
( manufactured tobacco and cigar
ettes ) for we had taught her to
want them , and then joyously we
'supplied ' her want at high prices ,
Thus in the end Japan served
copiously to swell the hard-earned
treasures of the American tobacco
trust , for the Japanese were in
dustrious consumers and the trust
could charge what it pleased , hav-
the trade by the throat. But when
the trust had established branch.
houses and offices and works and
invested in them § 12,000,000 the
Japanese government concluded'
that it might as well have the
goodly profits as let the tobacco
trust have them , so it went into
the tobacco business on its own
account. It bought factories and
stores and passed a law establish
ing itself in a practical monopoly
of the tobacco trade , for no mak
ers of cigarettes , cigars or tobacco ,
were allowed to sell their products
until they had been offered to , and
declined by an agent of the gov
ernment. It then put an import
duty of 250 per cent on cigarettes
and tobacco. Thereupon the
American cigarettes vanished fast
er than their own smoke , and the
defeated American tobacco trust
was glad to sell to the government
( for what it could get ) its business
and branch houses.
All this occupied but a very few
years. There was no wearisome
discussion of the trust problem , no
fatuous Bryans to waste precious
time talking impotently about the
destruction of the trust. The Jap
anese govhfnment. impelled by
immediate necessity , that knows
neither law nor lawyers , saw at
once that the only thing to do with
the trust was to own it and forth
with took possession. A similar
policy is now being applied to ev
ery other industry in Japan. They
have had no time to grow into
trusts.
Japan has been forced to "mu
tate" through outside capitalistic
influences. Her'ieudal aristocracy ,
naturally desirous of maintaining
their national existence , arid at the
same time retaining their power ,
merely forestalled a capitalistic
regime by establishing govern
ment monopoly with themselves
as the government. It was the
only possible thing they could do
and retain political supremacy.
The example of Japan must
perforce be followed by her rivals
in trade , as it is impossible for in
dividual capitalists to compete
against a government. Her "mu
tation" will react on them and
force them towards the mutating
point also.
In this way the ground will be
cleared for the final struggle for
possession of the government be
tween the actual producers and
the ruling class , for whoever con
trols the government controls the
industries also , this final struggle
being the necessary condition
through which government owner
ship by a class must be transform
ed into socialism or collective , ;
ownership by all.
U. S. J > epartns > iit of Agricul
ture , Weather Bureau.
Bulletin .
"CLIMATOLOGY OF THE UNITED
STATES , " BY ALFRED JUDSOX
HENRY , PROFESSOR OF
METEOROLOGY.
The above is the title of a work
just received L y the local weather
bureau office. It contains 1210
printed pages and embodies a
study in detail of all the meteoro
logical observations taken and re
corded in the U. S. fro'm 1830 to
present date. Itisamounumental
work. As a climatic authority it
is invaluable. As no citizen can
escape the effects of climate so
everyone is interested to a greater
or lesser extent in its vagaries.
§
Its vagaries , however , up to date , '
though not under control , and not
entirely known , have to a large
extent been scientifically tabulated
and * put in such pleasing shape ,
that it is not stretching the imagination -
nation to state that this great !
work paves the way to a clearer
conception of this great science ofi
i
meteorology. | ! -j
Does any citizen desire to ex- <
' periment with a new seed , or
plant , he will find information as
to its most appropriate habitat.
Does a citizen desire to change
the climate for himself or some
dear one for health's sake , herein
will be found full information.
Does ] anyone desire to start a new
. manufacture of things useful or
' otherwise , be he captain of indus
j ' try t or small capitalist , or cooperator -
operator , he will find the informa
tion sought for. In every pursuit
of life we cannot escape the weath
er , and he who runs may read and
acquire knowledge that may mean
success or failure in accordance as
he follows out the deductions so
patiently , laboriously and ac
curately tabulated. This work is
built up on a foundation of natural
law , and one by one its funda
mental principles are being > de
duced from the most accurate
observations over compiled by the
citizens of any nationjn the world.
It is almost encyclopedic in its
particular scope ! -
The local official in charge of
this station will be pleased to give
any and all citizens access to this
almost unlimited mine of meteoro
logical and climatic information.
JOHN J. McLEAN.
Department of the Interior.
SECRETARY'S OFFICE ,
Washington , D. C. , Jan. 3. The
Commissioner of the General Land
Office. Sir : Referring to the cir
cular of instructions to special ag
ents of your office , approved by
me on January 29 , 190i , relative
to their duties under the act of
February 25 , 1SS5 (23 ( Stat. , 321) ) ,
entitled "An act to prevent un
lawful occupancy of the public
lands , " you are advised that said
circular is hereby amended and
modified as follows :
Strike out from said circular
paragraphs 5 and 6 , and insert in
lieu thereof the following :
It sfiall be the duty of the spec
ial agent on receipt of any charge
or complaint or upon information
being acquired by him from any
source , that an unlawful inclosure
is being maintained by any person
or persons , association , or corpora
tion , to at once proceed to secure
sufficient data , including a de
scription of the lands inclosed ,
with reasonable certainty , not
necessarily by metes and bounds ,
npr by governmental subdivisions
of surveyed land , but only so that
the inclosure may be identified
and the person or persons guilty
of the violation , as nearly as may
be , and by description if the name
can not , on reasonable inquiry , be
ascertained , and to at once submit
such case , with the data thus ob
tained , to the United States at
torney for prosecution.
It shall be the duty of the spec
ial agent , and he shall be so in
structed , to be alert and vigilant
to detect the existence of unlawful
inclosures in his district and to
proceed in accordance therewith
as hereinabove directed , and that
he is not to construe his duties as
requiring that , before proceeding |
in the matter of-an unlawful in-
closure , theie must first be filed
with him a formal complaint by
some person or persons acquainted
with the facts , but it shall be his
duty , as hereinabove stated , to
take the initiative himself. j
In this connection you are further -
ther instructed , by direction of the
President , to at once notify all of
the special agents and receivers
and : registers of local land offices
throughout i the United States , and
to i give the widest pqblicity there
to i that the provisions of said act
of < February 25 , 1SS5 , for the
summary i destruction of inclosures '
and : obstructions existing in violation
lation 1 of said act will be rigidly 1
enforced < on and after April 1 , 1
1907. : Respectfully , 1
E. A. HITCHCOCK , (
Secretary of the Interior. 1
Get your property insured by 1.
M. Rice and you will be safe. His
companies pay losses promptly.
Dollar Saved
s a Dollar Made
Furniture and Hardware , Household Neces
sities in the best Enamel Ware , Eustless Tin ,
Copper and fickle Plated Cooking Vessels.
Everything to furnish the home. My goods
- were bought before the raise. Come and
r get them at the old prices which are equal
to a big discount. To see is to believe.
Come and be convinced.
FRANK FISCHER ,
Hardware , Furniture and Coal.
THE STOCK EXCHANGE
Valentine's Pure Liquor Center
A HAPPY NEW YEAR to you , and may you starfc it
RIGHT by using the RIGHT KIND of WINES'
and LIQUORS. With us PURITY and BEST
QUALITY means "RIGHT , " and we guaran
tee our goods to be that in every sense of the
word. And while all good Wines , Whiskeys ,
Cordials , etc. , must vary according to vintage and
I age , they should be pure and free from adultera
tions under all conditions , which is what we claim.
We desire the PUBLIC TO KNOW that we
are neither BLENDERS , COMPOUNDERS
NOR RECTIFIERS ; also that we use the utmost
care to purchase our goods from the most reliable
houses in America , and just as we get them , they
pass into the hands of our customers * NO
SPURIOUS IMITATIONS or IMPURE LIQ-
OURS OFFERED FOR SALE. WE HAVE
THE LARGEST ASSORTMENT IN TOWN.
WHOLESALE IN DEALER W. F A. MELTENDORFF
PABST AND KRUC BEERS . , .
i Monthly Meteorological Summary ,
STATION : Valentine , Nebr. MONTH : December , 1906
AT.vtOdHERIC PRESSURE.
( Reduced to sea level ; iuches and hundredtbs. )
Mean 30.15 ; highest 30.00 , date 1. Lowest 29.7C. dat e 12.
TEMPERATURE ,
Highest ( M3. date 3. Lowest 5 ° , date 0
Greatest ddily ramje 44 , date 10. Least daily range G , date 30.
Meart for this mouth in
188939 = 1S92 2 = 1893 27s" = >
1898 23s 1901 22 1904 21 = >
1890 32 = 1893 26 = 1896 31 = 1899 20 ° 1902 19 ° 1905 30 °
1891 31 = 1S94 30 = 1897 21s 1900 32 ° 1903 27 ° 190U 20 °
Mean for 'his month for 18 years 27s
Absolute maximum for this month for IS years 72s *
At'S jlute Mini mini for this month tor 18 yearn -34 =
PKkCiriTATlON.
Total this month 0.40 ; snowfall 1.8 ,
Greatest precipitaii in 24 hours 0 24 date 4-3
snow en the ground at the end of tua month 0.
Total precipitation this nrmth in
1589 0 84 1892 0 43 1S95 0 13 1398 0.37 1901 0.93 1001 0.16
1890 0.32 1893 0.83 1896 0.46 1899 0.40 1902 1.23 1903 0.10
1891 0.42 1894 0.05 1897 1 03 1900 0.15 1903 0.15 1905 0.40
WIND.
Prevailing direction NW ; total movement 6379 miles ; average
hourly velocity 8.6 ; maximum velocity ( for five minutes ) 23
miles per hour from NW on the. 21.
WEATHER.
Number of clear days 9 ; partly cloudy 12 ; cloudy 10 ; on which .01
inch , or more , of precipication occurred 4.
NOTE : "T" indicates t"ace of precipitation ; " nelow zero ; "rC" partly cloudy.
I
JOHN J. McLEAN , Observer Weather Bureau.
Four room house to rent ; also ,
3 rooms over the Democrat Office
for rent as an office or light house-
o
keeping. I. M. RICE.
You can get a case of 2i bottles
of < Webb's soda for 75c , delivered
to j your house. Try a case. Tel
ephone ( 117. 31
Dr. Shipherd , the dentist from
Ainsworth , uses the new English
method ' of extracting teeth , which
does i it practically without pain to
the 1 patient. See him Jan. 29 or
30 at the Donoher hotel. 1-2
Frank Grooms of Sparks was
through 1 town the first of the
1i
week enroute for home , having
been 1 out on the Niobrara river
visiting at the home of his brother
Dick. He also bought some young
horses of J. A. A.damson.
Jake Stetter buys cattle and
hogs and anything the farmers
have to sell. Office is where
Lee's barber shop was , east side
of Main street. If you want to
buy or sell anything see me. No
deal is too large and none are too
small. J. W. STETTER ,
50 Valentine , Neb.
HEW TIME TABLE , C.&H.W.
EAST BOUND
No. 2 , Daily except Saturday. . . .9:45 p. m. . Pass
NO. 6 , D ily . 4:35a. m. . Pass
No. 82 , Daily , except Sunday . . .4:00 p. m. , local
No. 116 , Dally . 5:20 a. m. , loca
WEST BOUND
No. 1. Daily , except Sup-iay . 6:50 p. m. . Pass
No. 5 , Daily . i:47a. m. , Pass
No. si. Daily except Sui , day. . . . .9:40 a. m. , loca
No. 119 , ( doesn't carry ll:45p.m
LET US FIGURE ON YOUR
LIMVIBER
BILLS
BISHOP & YOUNG ,
Cody , Neb.
Order ot Hearing on Petition for Ap
pointment of Administrator.
In the County Court of Cherry County , Neb
raska.
To the ueirs and to all persons Interested In
the estate of Jane liowring. deceased :
( m readme the petition of Arthur BowrinK
praying that the administration of said estate
he granted to himself as administrator.
It is hereby ordered that you. and all persons
interested m said ma'.ter. may , and do. appear
atth County Court to be held In and for said
county , on the 2. d day of Frbruary , A. D. 1907.
at 10 o'clock a. m. to show cause If any there be
wi-ythe prayer ot the petitioner should not be
granted , and ihat notice of the pendency of said
petition and Ihat the hearing thereof be given to
all persons interested in said matter by publish
ing a copj of this i Tder In the Valentine Demo
crat a weekly newspaper printed In said county ,
for three successive weeks prior to said day of
bearing.
Witness my hand , and seal of said court , this
loth uay of January A. D. 1907.
SEAL VY.B.TOWNE ,
1 3 County Judge.
