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About Valentine Democrat. (Valentine, Neb.) 1900-1930 | View Entire Issue (March 22, 1906)
'V " T- ffift 1 fc t-TTi , 1470 P.attlc of Stanford. lulil Magellan discovered the Philippine Islands. 3."i-JO Tliomas , Lord Seymour , beheaded 3. ( H D.ivid Rizzio murdered. 3.llH ) j'.attle of Jarnac. 13SO Walter Raleigh inado an assign ment of his patent to Thomas Smith and others. 1021 England declared war against Spain. Itt.'S Treaty of Roeskild signed. KHiJ ) Memorable eruption of Mt. Etna. 1 < ; 7(5 Attack on Groton , Mass. , by In dians. 1G7S Ghent surrendered to Louis XIV. 1702 William III. of England died. Suc ceeded by Queen Anne. 1700 First London daily paper ap peared. 3710 Danes driven out of Sweden. 1732 Kouli Khan usurped the Persian throne. 17.0 City of London shaken by an earthquake. 17.10 Treaty between Russia and Swe den for neutrality ofthe Baltic. 17G."i Stamp Act passed by British IIouce of Lords. 17GS Six students at Oxford expelled for Methodism. 1793 French National convention abolished ished imprisonment for debt. 1790 Napoleon Bonaparte married to Josephine Beauharnais. 1790 Massacre of Jaffa. * 1S01 Aboukir surrendered after a san guinary conflict with the French. 1S12 John ITcnry's plot to dismember 1h < > Union discovered. 1S14 Lord "Wellington copturcd Bor deaux. 1825 Pasturing cows on Boston com mon forbidden. 1830 Petroleum discovered in Kvi- tucky. Bottled and sold as a rued- jcino. . First gold from Georgia mines received at the mint. 3S41 Steamer President wrecked ; 10G lives lost. 1S47 Battle of Vera Cruz. 1S4S Revolution in Vienna. Flight oi Prince Mctternich. 1850 Party processions in Ireland pro hibited. 1854 Alliance of England , France anO Turkey against Russia. 1858 Siege of Lucknow began. 1S01 Confederate constitution adopted. 1S02 Battle of the Monitor and Merri- 7nac in the James River. .Generals McCulloch and Mclntosh killed in battle at Pea Ridge , Ark. 1S03 Prince of Wales married Alexan dra of Denmark. 1SG4 General Grant appointed comman- dcrnchief of forces of the United States. 3SG7 Steamer Mercury sunk in Arkan sas River ; 25 lives lost. 1S70 First woman jury in America as sembled in Wyoming Territory. 1S71 Rise of the Commune in Paris. 1875 Moody and Sankey began series of notable revival meetings Jn London. 1S7S Outbreak of cholera in Arabia. 1SS1 Assassination of Alexander II. of Rnssia. 1SS3 Ship Navarre foundered off Spurra Dead , England ; Go lives lost. 1SS4 Coal mine explosion at Pocahon- tas. Va. ; 150 miners killed. 1884 Osman Digna defeated by General Graham at Taraasi , Egypt. 1885 Goal discovered in Dakota. 1885 United States hotel burned at Steubeuville , Ohio. ISSO Knights of Labor strike on Mis souri Pacific Railroad. 3S8G Anti-Chinese convention in San Francisco. 1SS9 Party of French tourists murdered in Yellowstone Park. 1S92 Business suspended in Northwest by a violent blizzard. 3895 Harry Hayward convicted of mur der of Catherine Ging an Minneap oKs..Queen Liloukalani of Hawaii sentenced to five years' imprisonment 1895 Chinese asked Japan for peace. 190-1 Lyncliing of Richard Dickerson al Springfield. Ohio..Mob burned ne gro quarters. 5 Cas ie L. Chad wick found guilty. Senator ClsirU Keeps Land. Tlie Supreme Court has dismissed the -case ajraSn-t United States Senator Clark of Montana , brought to cancel the pat ents to 11,000 acres of public domain , on xut * ground that they were obtained fraud ulently. ge Canal Decision. After innumerable delays , the Supreme Court of 'the United States has rendered its decision against the demand of the State of Missouri for a perpetual injunc tion to prevent the city of Chicago from emptying sewage -into the drainage canal , whose waters reach the Mississippi through the Desplaines and Illinois rivers. It was held that on account of the canal being flushed with 300,000 cubic feet o fresh water from Lake Michigan , the Illinois had been actualy improved in stead of harmed. , TRUSTS ARE HIT. Supreme Court Decide * They Mnnt Convict Themselves. Corporations can not receive immu nity from iiuTiiniuation us individuals and corporation ollicials must testify when called before grand juries. Ofli- cers of corporations may be granted immunity as individuals , but must pro duce evidence to convict the corpora tions In which they are interested. All corporations are creations of a sovereign eign power and are not privileged to commit any illegal act or possess any thing unlawful. When a corporation does either it is pluced beyond the pale of constitutional protection. This is the principle laid down by decisions of the United States Supreme Court in four cases affecting * tlie paper and tobacco trusts. The result will be that all corporations must produce their books and papers when actions are brought against them by xthe gov ernment and witnesses may be com pelled to answer all questions. Indi- vidauls may have immunity from self- incriminutions. but corporations are not individuals. It uj possible under the Supreme Court's decisions for the Department of Justice absolutely to prevent the coin- mission of illegal and unlawful acts by any corporation. No corporation against which proceedings are instituted here after can avoid convicting itself if any of its acts have been illegal. A cor poration will henceforth have no pro tection in the courts from self-convic tion unless its books and papers are de stroyed by some ofiicer , who will as sume responsibility for contempt. Two opinions were rendered regard ing the tobacco trust and two affecting the paper trust. Justice Brown handea down the decision on the tobacco trust and Justice McKenna on the paper trust Justice McKenna read his deci sions first and referred forward to Justice Brown's opinions * which follow ed , thus interlocking the four cases in * volving identical principles. COL. MANN IS INDICTEE * . Editor of Town Topics Held , on ft Perjury Clmrgre. Colonel William D'Alton Mann , of New York , editor of Town Topics , has been indicted for perjury by the grand jury on charges growing out of the trial of Norman Ilapgood , editor of Collier's Weekly , for criminal libel. He was held in $1,500 bail. Colonel Maim has been president and editor of Town Topics since 1891 and has won an uneviable reputation in jouralism. He also is the founder and manager of Smart Set. Mr. Maun prin- \tfXf . Vffi VW pt f 5fifft > > - - . . > y * ii COLONEL cipally made his fortune through im provements in army accoutrements and by his invention of the boudoir car , later sold to the Pullman Company. He was born in Sandusky , Ohio , in 1839 was educated as a civil engineer and served with Michigan regiments in the Civil War. When hostilities closed he settled in Alabama , and was the first Democrat from the Mobile district elected to Congress under reconstruc tion , but was not seated. He is a com panion of the Loyal Legion and holds membership in several clubs in New j York City. j John Morley soon after he had visited ' the President at the White House is said to have remarked : "He is a sort of cross betwen St. George and St. Vitus. " Gen. John C. Bates , who will be head o the general staff for one brief month , is the first bachelor in the history of the American army to attain this eminence. Admiral Dewey , dapper , smiling and sprightly , is a familiar figure on Wash ington's streets , lie walks with a youth- fui buoyancy and takes a keen interest in the street sights. John Temple Graves , editor of the At lanta ( Ga. ) News , has begun a move ment to celebrate , in his home city , tha centenary of the birth of Gen. Robert E. Lee on Jan. 19 next year. Senor Theodore Desha , the Governor of Vera Cruz , Mexico , has donated to the Carnegie museum at Pittsburg a Mex ican idol which was regarded as the gem of his archaeological collection. Richard L. Ashurst , who has just beejj made postmaster of Philadelphia , was born in Naples , was graduated from the University of Pennsylvania , and is a lawyer. The tashi lama of Tibet during his recent visit to Calcutta was taken to the races and was much astounded. He said that he had never thought there were so many people in the world. The Rev. W. H. Fitzpatrick of Bos ton , who has not taken a vacation for forty years , will shortly start for the Holy Land , stopping on his way to pay his respects to Pooe Pius X , President Roosevelt's special message on the joint resolution authorising the Interstate Commerce Comuiiscion to make an investigation into the subject of railway discriminations and mo nopolies in coal and oil contains some reminders which the members of both houses need. The resolution makes no provision for the necessary expenses of the suggested inquiry and fails to give the commission power to adminis ter oaths and compel the attendance of witnesses. While the President lias signed the resolution , he confesses that he has misgivings as to its utilitj- . lie urges Congress to note that at least it must make proper provision for the prosecution of the inquiry if it is not to be barren of results. The difficulties encountered in the beef-trust investiga tion and in the effort to secure proper punishment for railway officials violat ing the laws against rebates have dem onstrated the unwisdom of beginning Investigations without thorough prepa ration and a full recognition of the nu merous problems to be solved by the way. _ * _ Secretory of State Root , in a letter to Representative Denby of Michigan , explains the attitude of the American government toward the alleged scan dals iu the Congo Free State in Cen tral Africa. The Congressman had written regarding the widespread feel ing that our government ought to do something to bring about an interna tional adjudication of the issues in volved. In reply , the Secretary says that our country is not in a position to take the initiative toward such a step , because it has no possessions or spheres of influence in Africa. In the general act for the repression of the slave trade , to which we are a party , it is expressly stipulated that the regula tion of firerarins and liquor traffic shall be relegated to the powers having possessions in Africa. Our relation to the Congo State is that of one sovereign eign to another ; consequently we are without power to even investigate ex isting conditions. We do not even have diplomatic representatives in that coun try. Since Congress has cut down the ap propriation to the War Department , it is interesting to note the comparison tf our army budget with that of other countries. The regular army in the United States to-day amounts to about G0,000 men , and it costs in round num bers about $72,000,000. France main tains an active army of 540,000 men , and it costs her $133,000,000. Germany maintains an army which has upon its active list 640,000 men , and it costs her 8144,000,000 a year. France has an army about nine times the size of the United States and it costs her less than twice as much to maintain , while Ger many has an army more than ten times as large , costing her about double. The greater cost of the army of the United States is explained by the fact that this country pays its army men something like wages , while only a small and al most nominal stipend is allowed the troops of Genrany , France , and other European countries. " " Uncle Sam has discovered a real hero and rewarded him. It took the old fellow a year , but this caution makes the reward all the more raluable. An act of Congress was approved ou Feb ruary 23 , 1905 , which provided for the bestowal of a bronze medal on such per sons as risked their lives to save oth ers in the railway service. The first hero to get this medal is George Poell , of Grand Island , Neb. Mr. Poell was a locomotive fireman on the St. Joe & Grand Island Road , and on a run witli a heavy freight train a little boy , Paul Ussary , was discovered on the track. The lad , two and a half years old , did not realize his danger , and heeded not the whistle. Mr. Poell made his way to the pilot and reached out for the youngster. In saving him the fireman slipped from the pilot and was drag ged for 125 feet , his left foot being torn off and his arms broken. The boy had been dropped in the grass and was un hurt. " * " " For the first time in the current fiscal year a month has ended with a surplus in the United States treasury. At the close of business Wednesday the government receipts over expenditures for the fiscal year were $1,102,002. It is now believed that there will be a substantial surplus by June 30 next February's balance amounted to $4,475- 727. * * < VM * President Palnia of Cuba has re ceived from President Roosevelt a let ter thanking him and the Cuban con gress for its "touching and generous memento of the marriage' ' of his daugh ter. He congratulated President Palma on the progress of the Cuban republic -TT " * # Since the United States life-saving service was established , Nov. 1 , 1871 , there have been 15,631 marine disas ters on American coasts , involving 111- , 056 persons , of whom 1,098 have been lost , and 18,930 succored at the sta tions. The value of property saved Is estimated at $179,758,512 , and of that lost at $47,884,0-17. During the last fiscal year there were 360 disas ters , with 4,062 persons saved and 27 lost Gml dins nsn $ from Hie torpor of C ? A ages prepares to dominate Asia md to contend wim ike avilizahon of The prestige won by Japan , whose meteoric rise has been the wonder of the world , has not been lost on the Asiatic races generally. They believe the white warrior is not invincible , and that it is possible for them to compete success fully with the Occident in manufac tures and Industries. The full scope of the agricultural , mineral and manufac turing resources of the Chinese Empire is not known , even in China , but the possibilities are believed to be astonish ing. To-day the Caucasian races virtually are masters of the world ; but what po sition will they occupy when the twen ty-first century dawns ? "The Power that controls the Pacific will be master of the earth" is a phrase that has come to be regarded as axiomatic. A short time ago it was generally be lieved that Japan was destined to be come the dominant Power in Asia. That prophecy before the Russo-Japanese War had been made for Russia , yet if the straws show the direction of the wind , both prophecies will have to be THE AWAKENING OF CHINA. " " * I' ' ' > f9"V 4 * , : EUROPEANIZED SOLDIERS WHO STILL CLING TO THE PIGTAIL. revised , for China is throwing off the lethargy of centuries ; her crowded provinces are awakening , and the old- fcst civilization in the world seems about to bo born again. The renaissance of China , however , flates back much further than is gener ally appreciated. It began before Japan had been compelled to emerge from her hermitage , yet the Japanese , being a more shifty and mercurial people , and as a nation famed for the absorption of ideas , quickly sprang Into power by ail opting Western notions. Now the na tions of the world are preparing for tvhat Is regarded as the Inevitable. The United States is Increasing its forces In the Far East , and is about to estab lish a strong military base in Hawaii. Owing to her Impregnable position China grew up without a rival. The Neighboring tribes , forming the fringes frf the empire , were duly impressed with the power of the empire and paid willIng - Ing homage to the giant. These tribu taries China treated with condescend ing patronage and the disdainful con tempt calculated to keep them in sub jection. When the Western nations be gan to knock at her door China very naturally judged them to be similar to the tribes on her borders and assumed toward them the tone of superiority she was accustomed to use. She even went BO far as to denounce them as barbar ians and demanded tribute. While it would be wrong to Infer , as Is so often done , that there is no such thing as a national mind In China , it is true that the present renaissance is not general throughout the empire. In oth er words , there Is not yet that unity of sentiment among the vast hordes in the empire which is necessary for the suc cessful issue of any grea'c nationalist movement. But China is an immense empire. It has an area equal to more than one and a half times that of Europe , China proper Is about one-half the size of the United States without Alaska and the Jsland possessions , or about seven times the stee of France. Communications , for the great part , are In the condition they were a thousand years ago. There are roads , which are not good except ing where they parallel the Grand Canal , and the numerous waterways , some of them artificial. Excepting for about.SOOnlles In the north in the province of Chili , and also excepting the Russian Manchurlan Railway Chi na Is without means of rapid transpor tation. News does not quickly reach the interior , and , Indeed , the interior of China is terra incognita even to those who profess to be well informed. Awakening : In tlie Cities. It is not In the Interior that the awakening manifests itself , but In the populous cities along the coast or not far inland. The educated youth of those cities are leading the great move ment The Chinese are a proud people , and the humiliation of seeing the West ern nations boldly demanding and seiz ing territory ostensibly for naval sta tions , but really for exploitation , has given way to indignation and ambition. This manifestation first asserted it self In the Boxer uprising ; its latest phase has been the boycott against American goods and a growing hatred of foreigners. Young China demands a change of conditions , and as the Man- chus , the ruling class , are an infinitesi mal part of the whole population , the central government has found It neces sary to placate the clamor In order to preserve the dynasty from being over thrown. One evidence of this Is to be seen in China Is awakening , and the fact Is Impressed upon us from all sides. It is several months since the Chinese began to boycott the goods sent by America , which has long been strongly anti-Chinese in its legislation , and only the other day we had ominous risings against foreigners at Shanghai which to close observers have more import than the average anti-foreign movement in China. But it is clear that the Chinese are to imitate Japan in West ernizing themselves , though not in the whole-hearted fashion of the Island Empire ; thus at the recent menau- vers correspondents were immensely struck by the Europeanized - peanized appearance of the troops , especially the officers. So far , however , they have not had the heart to give up the historic pigtail , which remains a curious anomaly amid the trimmer trappings of the West. the dispatch of a commission to tour the world and bring back the latest ideas In manufactures , industry and commerce. The demand has also been made by the reform party in China for a reconstruction of the form of govern ment , a constitution founded upon that of the United States being most in fa vor. vor.For For thousands of years China has from its own resources fed and clothed and warmed itself. Everything the Chi nese required they wera able to pro duce. But the shopkeeplng nations saw in the great empire an immense market , and virtually have forced their wares upon the Celestials. The danger to the Western world , the "yellow peril , " in short , Is not political , but economic. Production has purposely been re strained In China by governmental in terference. Machinery was kept out of the kingdom until recent years for fear that untold millions might be ren dered idle , and idleness breeds anarchy and disorder. All this is now on the eve of being changed. Machinery will undoubtedly be introduced , and when the modern looms are running , when great Iron works are put Into opera tion , when the vast and Incalculable stores of coal and metallic ores arei worked with such appliances as now' maka the Western world pre-eminent , what will be the result ? With the adoption of labor-saving and quick-producing machinery , China , bids fair to become the most colossal ! manufacturer In the \\orld. The four hundred odd millions of natives cannot , reasonably absorb the uroduct Cliques-- tlonably production will be the cheapest in the world ; so the natural outlet for the gigantic surplus will first be thej neighbors of the empire Japan , Korea , ! the Shan States , even India itself. , Western competition will be unable to | enter the field ; it could not compete in ! price , and it could not equal Chinese ! workmanship , which is thorough , and > what may astonish those who fail to7 understand the Chinese honest Japanese commerce is likely first to feel the keenness of this competition. ) The Japanese , living up to their char acter , as "the Yankees of the East , ' * are invariably guilty of sharp practices in trade. It Is admitted by most writers on the Orient that the commercial mor-l ality of the Japanese is Inferior to that ! of Chinese. "There is always , " says * one authority , "a tendency to deterlo-j rate in all articles , for as soon as their superiority or cheapness has won for them a place in trade the standard I * lowered and something Inferior is pro duced. " Surely , Western civilization has taken root in Japan. On the other hand , the Chinese merchant - ) chant , as a rule , Is honorable to a de-f gree not always observed in this port of the world. Army Bclncr Reorganized. For a year or two Japan has beenl active In assisting In the reorganization ! of the Chinese army , which now numbers - | bers about 200,000 finely trained and ! competently officered men. In three ! years it Is believed thuc 1,000,000 equally - ! ly as efficient troops \vill be ready un-i der the banner of the yellow dragon * The outcome of another Chino-Japan-i ese war , remote as such a conflict lsi would probably have a result very different - [ ferent from the first struggle. It will be impossible for China to ; take an aggressive step until she IB provided with an adequate sea force. The collection of old Ironclads which figure in the Naval Annual cannot properly be considered as a navy. On the other hand , a blockade of the Chi nese ports by an enemy would be al most Impossible , owing to the great stretch of coast line. Even if prac ticable , the suffering would be entirely local. With such an army as she will have three years hence , she will be able to make a strong defense. Under the condition of ordinaryi evolution , no Chinese conflict would bei due for at least a decade , but the unrest - | rest of the rapidly growing Reform ! party In the eastern cities of the empire - pire may precipitate a conflict Thef Japanese are no more popular In China at present than are Americans , for while America excludes Chinese , Japan has taken overlordshlp of both Koreaj and Manchuria as the apoils of war with a third power. THE EMPIRE AS COMPARED WITH THE UNITED STATES ;
