BsJl % F v'7
The great battle of last week took
place on a line between fifty-five and
sixty'miles long , and the line oC battle
proper , where the fighting was most
severe and continuous , was twenty-
five or thirty miles Ions. The Hun
river on the north and west and the
Taitse on the east and south mark out
the field in a general way. The Schili
river , frequently mentioned in the dis
patches , bisects this field on an east
-and west line , and most of the fighting
thus far has been south of it. The bat
tle may possibly b-j known as the bat
tle of the Schili river.
( Jen. Kuropatkin brought into play
< ? very"pound of military strength that
Russia has available in the far East.
Since the battle of Liaoyang he has
"been re-enforced by the First and Sixth
corps , and possibly also by the Fourth
Don Cossack division. A low estimate
of his strength is 200,000 men. It may
be 230,000. With all that he baa been
gradually but surely beaten back , and
the chances are greater now than they
were at a corresponding stage of the
battle of Liaoyang that his army Avill
"be partially dismembered. Then his
divisions were closely concentrated for
mutual support. Now they are much
jnore widely spread out.
On the last day of September corre
spondents at Mukden made note of
great military activity , but their pre
diction of a movement southward was
not credited. Oct. 2 Gen. Kuropatkin
issued his famous order for the ad
vance , though it Avas not till a week
later that Europe learned of it. In the
meantime the Russians bad been en
gaged in pushing in the Japanese out
posts. This preliminary stage of the
struggle culminated with the driving
of the Japanese outposts out of Bent-
siaputze.
The small map gives a roughly ac
curate idea of the battle field strategy.
Three heavy black lines are to be seen
-on the map marked ' 'Oct. 8 ( Jap
screen ) , " "Oct. 10 , " and "Oct. 14. "
ZDDYJXGS OF THE BATTLE OF YFIfTAI.
These lines indicate the respective po
sitions of the hostile armies at differ
ent stages of the battle. The jagged
triangle including Yentai. Liaoyang
-sind SykAvantun marks the heart of
Ova ma's position , the tlir' e points be
ing heavily fortified and garrisoned.
> "ortb of bis triangle Oyama bad ad
vanced a heavy line of outposts at the
position indicated by the line of Oct. 8.
But he was not north of Yentai in
.groat force.
The Russian advance from Mukden
l.egan on Oct. C . Two days later it
came in 'contact Avith the Japanese
outposts. In two days' fighting the
.Japanese scouts Avere forced back to
ward their main positions. At the same
-time re-enforcements were sent for
ward from the triangle. The retreat-
Ing outposts and re-enfojx-ements met
* t the line marked "Oct. 10. " On the
follOAving daj * the beaA'y fighting be-
We can most easily get an idea of
the fighting by considering the Kuroki.
Nodxu and Oku armies separately. Ku-
roki has the right , occupying the re
gion at the bend of the Taitse , where
that river turns from a southerly to a
westerly course. Nodzu is in the cen
ter , holding the region from the Yen
tai station on the railroad. Oku is
west of the raihoad , holding both sides
of the Hun river.
Monday Kuropatkin in full force
crossed the Hun river where it flows
easterly just south of Mukden. His
advance guards on the same day cross
ed the Schili and attacked Yentai. but
wore driven back in the evening. Tues
day a larger force crossed the Schili ,
ftnd the fightins that day was very so *
rere to the north of Yentai. Gen.
Danieloff receiving his wounds in that
engagement. Gen. Noilxu took the of
fensive tbat same day and began to
force the Russians back. The strug
gle was extremely fierce here every
day , and probably the great part of the
JOSPCS are in this region.
Farther to the east Gen. Kuroki mot
the main force of the attack at bis
chosen positions near Renishti. The
Russians attempted to outflank him.
howcAer , or at least made a feint of
that nature , by sending several thou-
" \VarNe\vsj in ISrieF.
Gen. BiWerling lost nearly a whole
Brigade out of his corps.
The Dowager Empress has broken
down on account of Ut-d Cross work.
The Japanese have withdrawn troops
from Ncwchwang and sent them to Liao
yang.
The contraband question reached an
acute stage at St. Petersburg , but has
cased up.
Gen. Kuropatkin had a narrow es
cape from being 'tilled with his whole
taff by a Japanese attack on his head-
SCENE IN A RUSSIAN HOSPITAL CAMP.
sand men across the Taitse farther
north to work around to the Japanese
rear. Gen. Kuroki seemed to expect
to bag this expedition bodily , but if he
did it no report has yet arrived. The
country here is broken Avith small hills ,
and there seems to have been a large
number of separate engagements on
Tuesday and Wednesday. On Wednes
day Kuroki received re-enforcements ,
and Thursday he sent a strong force
under Prince Kanin to cut off the Rus
sians north of Benslhu. This force
formed a wedge between the Russian
left aid center , but the left seems to
haAe escaped from it , and the center
was too hard pressed itself to strike a
counter blow.
West of the railroad the fighting Avas
more distinctly faA-orable to the Japan
ese. Here it Avas that thirty-five Rus
sian guns Avere captured. West of the
Hun Gen. Oku seems to have cleared
the country of Russians to a point
within ten or twelve miles of Mukden.
In the number of men engaged , in
the casualties of both sides , and in the
decisiveness of the Japanese victory
the battle at Yentai surpasses that at
Liaoyang. But it does not anyAvheiv
equal the first conflict in interest. Liao-
yanc : AVI * ? the first squirtstand up
fight on a big scale Aith equal num
bers and modern Avcapons between tht
yellow men and the white. When the
OEXEn.VI
. ,
Japs AA-on that fight the great lesson
was ' taught that education , study ,
training and patriotism Avill achieve
just as great results for a yellow man
as for a Avbite man.
OVER 60,000 FALL IN BATTLE.
Appalling Slaughter Leads to Demands
for the War's Kiul.
Field Marshal Oyama , in a report to
the Mikado , estimates the number of
Russians killed in the battle south of
Mukden at 10.000. Other reports from
the Japanese headquarters in the field
estimate the total number of killed
and Avounded on both Mdes at GO.OOO.
but this is considered too low.
The railway yards at Mukden are
congested Avitli the-trains bearing the
Avoundcd from the battle field to the
quarters. lie v.is obliged to flee bul-
dti.Iy.
The r.nltic fleet was Supported by the
Emperor at Rovnl , and will sail in a
few days for the Pacific.
Japs are reported to have crossed the
Hun river re.uly to attack the Russians
in the rear , when they arc driven
across it.
The Russians arc supposed to have
lost from 20,000 to 30,000 in the six-
days' fighting. There were 4oOO dead
in front of oirc Japanese army.
Russians are offering fabulous prices
hospitals at Harbin , and it would not
be surprising if Kuropatkin had lost
nearly one-fifth of his army in killed
and Avounded. Complete figures are
lacking on the Japanese losses , but
they Avill be large , although smaller
than those of Russia.
The extent of the slaughter has
shocked both Japan and Russia. In
Toldo the appalling tragedy is consid
ered to be a strong appeal for peace.
The Japanese , usually quick to cele
brate victory for their arms , are re
ceiving the ncAA-s in a subdued spirit ,
although it contains the report of a
SAveeping success for Oyama's forces.
A member of the diplomatic corps
makes a strong argument In faA'or of
an adjustment of the conflict.
In Russia the defeat of Kuropat-
kin's armies is making the Avar more
unpopular than ever , and fears are ex
pressed openly that Japan's success
will cause China to abandon her neu
trality and come out openly in faA'or
of the Japanese.
RUSSIANS LOST 25,000.
Almost Routed by Japanese in First
Battlevvitli Conditions Equal.
The seven days' battle north of Yentai
v.as the heaviest blow yet struck the
Russians by the Japanese , so far as loss
of life is concerned. The left Japanese
army during the Aveek buried 4,100 Rus
sian dead left in front of its lines. A
village in front of the left Aving contains
many Russian dead , hut the shell fire
of the retreating Russians prevents the
Japanese from reaching them. Conserva
tive estimates place the Russian casual
ties at not less than 23,000. Probably
many more dead are on the field in
places not yet searched. The Japanese
report their total casualties at a little
over 3,000 killed and Avounded. The
principal Russian casualties occurred in
determined counter attacks on each vil
lage captured by the Japanese. The
Russian attacking parties were inmany
cascfl entirely annihilated.
For the first time the Russians met
the Japanese on an equal footing , not
having strong defense positions to de
pend upon , and lor the first time they
attacked the Japanese in their OAVII
trenches. The Russians everywhere
fought bravely , but they Avere unable to
drive the Japanese out or to hold their
own positions against fierce charges.
Almost in every case the Russians re
tired from their positions at the first
charge , then made repeated attempts to
iccapture them. The Japanese left
army , with a front of nearly ten miles ,
moved forward about five miles , fighting
over every inch of ground. The final
retreat of the Russians was almost a
rout. The Japanese extreme left adA'anc-
ed , driving the remnant of Russians
ahead. The Russians covered their re
treat Avell Avith artillery and carried
away much baggage and many wounded.
The Japanese 'soldiers were practically
the same that fought before Liaoyang.
Chinese report that heavy works ore
ready for the Russians along the Him
river. The Japanese are undecided Avhere
the ne t stand will be made. Details of
the operation of the right and center
armies are not obtainable.
Baron ITayashi sees no probability of
anything being done1 towards peace in
the event of a victory for the Japanese ,
but thinks Avhen Port Arthur falls there
may bo some hope.
to got supplies ? : : iLi > Port Arthur. Gen.
Sioesaol admits that serious damage ia
being done : : nd things are AViarm there.
A mail pouch for the cruiser Cincin
nati vra-s oized by Russians from Oal-
chas , and opened and afterwards return
ed. The government will make a strong
protest.
Over in Japan they call the war dis
patches from Chefoo chefooleries. Those
that come from Shanghai they call
Shanghai "bunders , " meaning that the
news is created on the huud , or river
trout , of SU-anghai.
BLAME IS FIXED.
! Commisaios on Slocnm Horror Makes
I Itb Keport.
1 The national Slocum committee haa
' spared nobody. It has struck at the head
of the steamboat inspection service. Per
emptory orders have been issued to dis
charge from the service of the United
States these officials :
Robert S. Rodie , supervising inspector
of the Second District , with headquarters
in Albany.
Gen. James A. Duraout and TJomas
H. Barrett , local inspectors in charge
i > f the port of New York.
They are held directly responsible for
deadly laxity and neglect.
It is ordere-1 that their succeesors in
office at once conduct a thorough exam
ination of the entire inspection force of
the port of New York , with the object
of weeding out all the men whom such
examination shall shoTV to be unfitted to
perform he very arduous and responsi
ble duties of their positions.
Changes in the regulations of an ex
tensive nature must be made ( Cor it is
BO ordered ) , designed to prevent a repe
tition of the General Slocum disaster in
the port of New York , when Qoo died
and 17o were hurt out of I,25S. Con- '
struction of flimsy steamboats of the Sloi i
cua kind will be guarded against. The
owners of the Slocum and their ex ecu-
(
live agents are declared to share largely (
in the moral responsibility for the whole
sale destruction of life. Captain Van
Scha.Tck and the pilot are also condemn
nl. The commission declares : "The com !
mission , therefore , believes that the mas- {
ter .had . knowledge of the fire before the '
steamer passed the eastern end of
Ward's Island. The commNs'on , there
fore , believes that the master knew of
the fire in time to have beached the ves
sel either in Little Hell Gate , to the j
westward of the Sunken Meadows , or in
the Bronx Kills , to the eastward of the
Sunken Meadows. " !
A fearful rebuke is given to the ofifi i
cers and crew , save Assistant Engineer '
BrandoAV and Chief Engineer Conklin.
who nre commended ns heroes. Pilot
Van Wart showed bad judgment and
lack of skill in beaching the vessel , giving
little opportunity of wading ashore t ( ,
those who could not swim. The fire fight
Ing apparatus is sharply criticised , and
as to the rotten life preservers the con
demnation is supreme. Laws to confer
greater power on the inspection service
to enforce its commands are strongly
urged.
All the regulations must be enforced
by order of President Roosevelt , who ha ;
written a letter to Secretary Victor II.
Metcalf of the Department of Commerce
and Labor , directing 'him ' to carry into
effect the regulations of the commission
CAMPAIGN WARMING UP.
Its Last Days May See Some of the Old
Time Enthusiasm.
The remaining days of the campaigi
of 190-1 will occupy the public mind pret
ty much to the neglect of everything
else. The voters and those who read
the newspapers , the Utica Globe says
believe two weeks is plenty as it has
been impossible to arouse enthusiasn
at an earlier stage and a herculean ef
fort has been put forth to start it evei
now.
now.This
This campaign differs from others ir
the absence of accessories the uniform- '
ed inarching clubs , the big meetings , ami
the things which contributed to move
ment and color. When the spectaculai
feature is omitted , the distinguishing
mark of the presidential canvasses sine' |
the GO's , the life is gone. W < hen it is
left to the press and the spellbinders
to importune support for the candidates
the glory of electioneering has departed
In the old days the cost of carrying 01
a campaign was small compared to now
In 18GO the Wide Awakes and the Littl *
Giants wore an oil cloth cap and cape
costing 40 conts and this placed it withi i ,
the reach of everyone. Now the unifonm '
cost all the way from $10 to $23 and onlj
the few can afford them. A battalion oJ
200 dressed this way in one month ex
pend from $4,000 to $7,000. The old
fashioned torch has been superseded bj
an expensive lantern , and musicians whc
received $1.50 per night now ask $4 and
$5. The increased cost has had a good
deal to do to make this campaign th i
listless one it has been up to the ove
almost of election.
While the omission of the spectaculai
has disappointed the boys and girls it has
served a good purpose iii that the heated
arguments , the bitterness aroused among
the parties to them , has not manifested
itself in anything like the proportions
of ye olden time. The discussion of plat
forms and candidates has been carried
with respectful deference in nowise cal
dilated to anger those who seek enlight
eument. This is tus it should be and is
a distinct gain over the old way of nbuso
and villification which marred so many
campaigns heretofore.
The "Wursf : Ever.
The bologna sausage makers employed
in 1G3 wurst shops in Chicago agreed the
other evening to strike for recognition of
their union. Eleven hundred men , ex
pert in separating sausages from their
bark , joined in the movement. The
meeting decided fin linked action against
the manufacturers , whose trade agree
ment with the ; ii " MI has expired. The
, employers decided to run open shops.
The union wants the shops closed tight
I as the bologiias. The wurst is yet to
i come.
Noted Horse Sold for $7OOOO.
One of the la-rgest sums ever paid for
a horse in this country was that given
' by Harry Payne Whitney at the sale of
the stable of his late father , William
C. Whitney , in Madison Square Garden ,
New York. Monday night. The price
was $70,000 , and the horse was the
noted stallion Hamburg. James It.
Keene , the famous hor-oman and Wall
street operator , \ > as Whitney's only com
petitor in the bidding , he offering $ 'JO.-
000.
The Vote in November.
It is estimated that 15,000.000 VO
will be cast for President in November.
The vote in 1SOG was 13J.37S , and in
1000 it was 13,901,500. If the estimate
of l'5,000000 votes should prove correct ,
over a million more votes will be c.vit j
this year than were ca't four y * s.i * ncro. | j
There has been a large increase in t'uo j
number of votes , and there will proba
bly be no larger number or" &Lay-.it-home
voters this year than there was in 1900.
A well-to-do man Is often hard to do.
\
I
Wi v yjL A L.ZL&-J % jy SL JL JY
The Trusts and T abor.
"When the late Senator Hanna took
up the fad of the Civic Association and
tried to arbitrate all disagreements be
tween capital and labor , he made some
of the principal labor leaders believe
that the concentration of business in
the hands of the trusts was for the
benefit of organized labor. There was
to be the trust for the masters , with
the protective tariff to enrich them ,
and a combination of labor to force
up the wages of the workingman to
keep pace with the increased cost of
living. As long as the "business boom"
continued 'the Hanna plan worked to
perfection , and both the trusts and the
labor leaders thought they had at last
reached a Utopian existence. All tbat
was necessary was to "stand pat" and
"let well enough alone. " But the con
sumers , who have to pay trust prices ,
find the effort beyond the reach of
their pocketbooks and have been com
pelled to resort to economy. The Steel
Trust and other large trusts and the
railroad combines discovered their
earnings decreased and many mills
and workshops have been shut down.
Wages have been cut and strikes have
become epidemic and the inflated pros
perity bladder is punctured. The rail
roads had advanced their rates , but
soon depressed wages. The Coal Trust
advanced prices , but the miners re
ceived no increase. The Beef Trust
"boomed" beef , but cut wages and low
ered the price of cattle and hogs. Oth
er trusts acted on the same hypothesis ,
that they could continue to plunder the
consumers and reduce their expenses
and pay big dividends upon watered
stock.
The trusts did not kill the goose that
laid the golden egg , but they have so
maltreated her that the eggs dwindled
in size and value. The numerous
strikes that have resulted from the
wage cutting has brought about the
combination of manufacturers for the
'open shop. " The manufacturers' trust
must be preserved at all hazards , but
the labor combine must be disrupted.
Everyone with a vestige of common
sense is demanding some kind of tariff
revision , to stop the trusts from plun
dering the consumers and especially to
hinder the trusts from selling cheaper
to foreigners than to the American peo
ple. A strong minority of Republicans
clamored for reciprocity and tariff re
form , but the leaders said , "Stand
pat. "
President Roosevelt was for some
time in doubt about tariff reform ; he
vacillated between "revision" and a
"commission. " The Protective Tariff
League threatened to defeat his nom
ination and the trusts declared they
would put up no money for the cam
paign , so what could the poor man do
but succumb to those mighty auxil
iaries of the Republican party and
"stand pat"
So there is to be no relief from pro
tection , no escape from the plundering
trusts , no reciprocity , if President
Roosevelt and a Republican Congress
is continued in power. Parker and
Davis ! Retrenchment and Reform is
the only hope for the people.
No Promise of Kcform.
Since the Republicans have been
confronted with the unquestioned fig
ures that the administration of Presi
dent Roosevelt has cost $211,000,000
more than McKinley's and $883,000,000
more than Cleveland's they have con
stantly been trying to explain away
this extravagance. But the glowing
fact remains that before these unrea
sonable expenditures were shown up ,
not an effort was made for economy.
No promise of reform , or retrenchment ,
or economy was made in the Republi
can platform , nor in President Roose
velt's speech of acceptance did such
words occur. But public opinion has
become so aroused that in his letter of
acceptance the President tries to cor
rect this omission by not only mention
ing economy but defines it. He boldly
claims that "the expenditures have
been managed in a spirit of economy , "
although he does not attempt to ex
plain why the expenditures for the
year ending June 30 , 1904 , were great
er than the annual average during the
four years of McKinley , including the
cost of the Spanish Avar.
The voters Avho pay most of this
vast increase should remember that
the surplus is being wiped out with a
rapidity that will compel new taxes if
the present spendthrift administration
is continued in power. The deficit for
the fiscal year ending June 30 , 190-1 ,
Avas $41,079G01 , and already for this
year , up to Sept. 28 , the deficit is $18-
792,300 , Avhich , if continued for the
balance of the year , in the same pro
portion , will make a deficiency of OAer
$70,000,000.
This mismanagement of the financial
affairs of the government cannot con
tinue ; there must be a change. Either
the Avasteful appropriations must be
decreased or more taxes must be im
posed. The only way Avith govern
ments , as with indiA-iduals , is to make
both ends meet. To borrow , by issu
ing bonds , is only a temporary make
shift , for interest must be added to oth
er expenditures , and the principal must
be eventually paid. This is the in-
evitable condition that frauds , graft
ing and extravagance have brought us
to and that the voters must consider
when casting their ballots. If they
conclude that their official servants
liaAre mismanaged their affairs , they
c
Avill refuse to give them another lease *
of power. '
Kami Produce and Protection.
The farmer who has been beguiled
into believing that the protcctiA'c tariff'
helps him obtain an enhanced price for
his produce , should remember that the
farmer is an exporter and not a man- ,
ufaeturcr threatened with imports. The
farmer must have markets abroad ,
for he raises more than the home mar-k
ket can consume , lie does not fear ,
j any competitor from a foreign coun- .
try , so what protection can a tariff on
farm products give him ? No one Isj
going to send wheat , or meat , or corn.i
or cotton here to compete with hini.j
After he has sold all the American peo-j
pie can consume the surplus must lind
a market abroad in competition AVlthJ
the surplus of other countries. Near-j
ly always , the price' that the surplus
brings abroad fixes the price at home.
What the farmer needs is not a pro
tective tariff , but protection from the-
trusts , elevator combines and corpora
tions. High freight rates and high-
trust prices for all the farmer buys eat
up his profits and these high freight
rates and largely increased cost of all
be buys is mainly caused by the pro- ,
tectivo tariff. Steel rails and nearly
eA'erything the railroads use are in
creased in cost one-third by protection ,
and of course the farmer pays his- ,
share of the bills. Farm machinery ,
tools , barbed wire , building material ,
clothes and many more articles that
might be mentioned are protected by
the tariff , so that the manufacturers
can charge a great deal beyond a rea
sonable profit. All this , and more , the
farmer pays , and still some otherwise-
sensible farmers A-ote for the party
Avhich is openljin league with those *
Avho plunder them. Remember that
the Republican national platform and ;
State and congressional district plat
forms pledge the candidates to uphold
the protective tariff , so no relief can b
expected from a Republican Congress
or a Republican President.
Good Reasons for a. Change.
Republicans AVIO detest Roosevelt-
ism , but do not like to ally themselves
with the Democrats , should take cour
age from the examp.e of DeWitt Clin
ton Overbaugh , president of the Grand
Hotel Company of NOAV York , a life
long Republican. lie Avas a member of
the famous Committee of Seventy Avho *
overthroAV Tammany , and is president
of the North Side Board of Trade.
His reason for his change of heart
he declares to be , that he dislikes the-
methods of Mr. Roosevelt and cannot
trust him to settle the vital questions
of national importance , such as mon
opolies , strikes , investigation and pun
ishment of dishonest public officials ,
squandering uselessly the public mon
ey and the rich trust combines which
are eating like a cancer into the A'ery
life of the nation and the tariff to bo
adjusted properly.
LEAVE CAMEL FAR BEHIND.
Several Animals Can Go Witliout Water
for Remarkable Xionj ? Periods.
Several other creatures besides the
camel are able to get along for extend
ed periods Avithout drinking.
Sheep in the Southwestern deserts of
America go for forty to sixty days in
AVintco : without drink , grazing on the
green , succulent vegetation of that sea
son.
Peccaries in the desert of Sonora live
in little dry .hills , Avhere there is no nat
ural water , for long periods. They can
not possibly find Avater in fact , foe
months at a time the moisture they can
obtain comes from roots and the fruits
of cacti.
But the most extraordinary case is
that of the pocket mouse , one of the
common rodents of the desert.
This little creature , by the way , has
a genuine fur-lined "pockcit" on the
outside of his cheek. When it is hun
gry it takes food from this pocket with
its paw , just as a man AA-ould pull a
ham saiidAvich from his pocket.
One of these mice has been kept for
three years AA'ith no other food than thu
mixed bird seed of commerce. Daring
this period it has not a taste of either
water or green food.
Other experimenters have found , in
fact , that these mice in captiA'ity refuse
such treats , not seeming to know that
water is good to drink.
The bird seed put before this mouse
contained not more than 10 per cent of
moisture , which is less than is neces
sary for digestion. Stuff so dry as this
cannot even be swallowed until it is
moistened by saliva. Yet this remark
able mouse gave nothingbut his time
to the interests of scicmce.
He suffered nothing in health of spir
its during his captivity. The "abso
lutely abstemious age" of Avhich Ed-
Avard Lear Avrote is completely out
classed.
The question is seriously raised
whethcir this mouse is provided AA'ith a
condensing apparatus by which it is
able to absorb moisture from the at
mosphere. At night , and in the bur
rows , the humidity is much higher than
in the daytime above ground , but it
never reaches the dew point.
These interesting facts of natural
history suggest possibilities in the way
of cures for the incorrigible inebriate.
Have the courage to doubt and your ,
eyes will besin to open. '