ONE WEEK OJP WAB ,
LITTLE NEWS HAS LATELY COME
FROM THE FAR EAST.
Only Events Recorded During
Are Unimportant Skimiisheb Ilib-
tory , in the War Dispatches , Has
Given Place to Speculation.
During the last -week there was lit
tle news from the far East , and in the
war columns of the newspapers history
4jave Avay to speculation. The only
events recorded were several skirm-
.ishcs between the outposts of Kuro'a's '
.army. AA-hich is concentrated at Frng-
-\vangcheng , and Cossacks throAvn forth
AS feeders from the Russians at ? fo-
lien pass , midway between Feng\v.ing-
chcng and Liaoyang. The skirmishes
were intended only to develop the po
sition of the enemy , and signify noth
ing , as is eA'ident from the small num
ber of casualties resulting from them.
Other skirmishes occurred botAvecn
and the rear guard of Gen.
awny at Vangenfuchu. about
forty miles north of Kinchou on the
railroad. Casualties slight and honors
Later news of the storming of Kin-
chcu and Nanshan hill shows that the
Japanese lost 4,300 men in that suc
cess. To lose 4.300 men in the taking
of an outpost may seem at first to be
magnificent , though not war. How
ever , the taking of the hill seems to
have given the Japanese a clear road
to the gates of Port Arthur , and to
have enabled them to take Dalny rnd
its fine harbor without a struggle. In
view of these later events , the taking
of Nanshan hill may turn out , after all ,
to have been as wise as it was cour
ageous.
The two questions which are most
thoroughly agitating the prophets at
present concern the Russian fleet in
Pert Arthur and Kuropatkin's report
ed attempt to raise a siege of that
town.
If the Japs seem about to storm the
line to Port Arthur will the Russian
fleet make a run for it ? The result of
this run would be the destruction of
the Russians , but also the severe crip
pling of the Japanese fleet , which
would open the way for the Baltic
squadron's appearance in oriental wat
ers. If the Russian ships staid in the
haibor their fleet would be destroved
just the same , but no coincident dam
age would be done the Japanese. There
is one consideration in this respect
which must not be overlooked. It is
reported that the big naval guns have
been removed from the ships and sta
tioned in the land fortresses.
Will Kuropatkin try to relieve Port
Arthur ? If he does he must march
-down the railroad from his present
position at Liaoyang and strike Oku
in the rear. It is fair to suppose ti.at
Oku has fortified his rear , and his
base is , of course , safe , because his
"base is the sea. If Kuropatkin marched -
ed in any force southward from Liao
yang his left flank would be exposed
to attack from the third Japanese
-army at Takushan , which is under
command of Lieut. Geu. Nodzu. while
bis' ' rear would be open to a simulta
neous attack from Gen. Kuroki , whose
forces ave now concontratrd at Foug-
wai choni : . That is the situation as
sized up by military experts.
Investment of Port Arthur.
Those who follow the Russo-Jap
anese war elosoly are perplexed at the
course of the European power in al
lowing Port Arthur to be invested by
the enemy from the land as Avell as
the water without taking measures to
'relieve , the besieged.
The prestige of Russia has suffered
much since the Avar began. The driv
ing out of her entrenched battalions at
Nanshan Hill was perhaps the most
seAere blow dealt her pride , for here
she had the advantage of position ,
troops equal numerically to the as
saulting columns and splendidly equip
ped for battle. Yet her army was over
borne. If fortified places are wrested
from her A\ith odds so much in her
favor how can Russia expect to win on
ground where the combatants stand
soircwhere on nearly equal terms ?
Instead of being the aggressor , as
sluv promised. Russia has been content
to be the contrary. She has displayed
a woful lack of energy in dealing with
her wily antagonist and the latter has
been obliged to take the initiative
from the first. The provisioning of
Port. Arthur is thought by some impar
tial observers to have been indifferent
ly done , and that hunger will conquer
if lire fails to subdue the stout-hearted
defenders. At any rate , the do-nothing
policy of Russia in letting the garrison
of Port Arthur fight it out alone is one
-which brings out the incompetence of
the government of the Czar in a more
conspicuous way than any of the se
ries of blunders which Russia has com
mitted since she forced the Asiatics into -
-to lighting.
The long-contemplated attack by the
Japanese cm Port Arthur began early
'Thursday morning. The Russian fo'ces
mound the beleaguered city were re-
enforced by the troops which had gar
risoned Dalny and Kinchou. The Rus
sian vessels in the harbor , with their
great guns , aided the land forcea fn
repelling the attack.
Talien\vnn Cleared of Jlines.
Admiral Togo has succeeded in
clearing the channel leading into Talie-
\ an. He began locating mines on June
3 and since then he has found and ex
ploded forty-one. The work of locat
ing other mines is now continuing and
It is expected that the vicinity will
be speedily cleared of all such danger
ous obstructions to navigation. Ad
miral Togo reports that a southerly
gale and a high sea prevailed during
.Ms operations- '
SEARCHLIGHTS USED AT PORT ARTHUR.
The illustration shows the high-power searchlights in use at Port Arthur
and the manner in which they are operated by the Russians. Each lamp iii
mounted on a stand specially constructed , and is moved from place to place
behind the bastions on a railway track. Storage batteries supply the elec
tricity for the intense light , and the power of the lamps is so great that
obj'fts miles out at sea can be dis'-erned by their aid. From nightfall until
daybreak these searchlights now are in continual use , officers with tele
scopes following the moving rays and scanning t'ne dim horizon.
FIGHT IN WATER WAIST DEEP.
Japs and Russians Clash in Sea at
shaii Hill Battle.
Wounded officers who have returned
to Japan from the Laiotung peninsula
give details of the battle of Nanshau
Hill. After the first ineffectual attack
on the hill the Japanese stouts discov
ered that there were mines at some spot
at the foot of the hill. It was deter
mined that they could he definitely lo
cated only by the sacrifice of some men.
Hundreds volunteered to go to what ap-
peaied to be certain death. They led the
second advance and found that heavy
.
fosxrar en.
l ta ircxssr
- 1KJICS
THE THEATER OF WAR.
rains had washed-away the covering of
earth and exposed the mines. Engi
neers cut the connecting wires , rendering
the mines useless , and sustained no loss.
The volunteers were nearly all killed in
the subsequent ineffectual attack on the
hill.
hill.The
The Osaka men , from the right wing ,
while advancing through the water along
the shore , encountered a holy of Rus-
.sinns , nNo in the water. A fierce li ht
endued , both sides being waist deep in
the sea. When the Rusnans finally re
treated the water was crhn on. Both
sides lost heavily.
During the day the Russians used sev
eral war balloons well out of range.
JAPS RETURN TO TAKUSHAN.
Chinese Say Army of 2O.OOO Does Not
Join Gen. Kuroki.
Chinese who have arrived at Chee Fee
from Takushan say that the Japanese
army of 20,000 men which lauded at
Takushan last month and proceeded to
ward Fenirwangcheng. presumably to re-
enforce Gen. Kuroki. returned to Taku-
Now that the religious emblems have
been removed from the courts in France ,
tlu- minister of justice has ordered that
the declaration of the rights of man ,
adopted by the National Assembly in
ITS ! ) , be posted in the court rooms. The
famous statement contains seventeen ar
ticles , and is to French republicans what
the Declaration of Independence is to
Americans.
_ *
- -
People who sit in their houses and run
the business of the world are now plan
ning campaigns for Russia and for
Japan. One is reminded of the story
which Punch told during the Boer war
of two parlor strategists who were walk
ing down the Strand , quarreling with
Gen. Buller's poor strategy in crossing
the Tugela. Presently they tried to
cross the street , and were run over by
an omnibus.
One of the Northwestern railroads will
substitute a row of evergreen trees for
the board snow-breaks which have long
been employed to protect the tracks from
the drifts of winter. Planks often get
out of order and are constantly show
ing the effects of wear. A live tree re
pairs its own injuries. This distinction
was in the mind of the man who said
that he preferred his bare hand to mit
tens , which could not mend their own
brt.isc .
It is reported that a number of mines ,
similar to those which sunk the Hatsuse ,
have been set adrift by the Russians in
the Gulf of Pechili , and are floating
about on the high 'oas. Two of them , it
is reported , have been seen Avithin six
miles of Weihniwei , across the strait
from Port Arthur. These reports liaA'e
oro.'isionod iip"iip ; < 5s. and there is a
cnrnil feeling that it will be neteiry
to dciiiip the legitimate use of mines by
international agivemeut.
When .1 reader has difficulty in recog
nizing the Russian names IIOAV appear
ing in the newspapers , he should remem
ber that it is possible for the English
alphabet to represent the sound of Rus
sian words in a great many ways. Take
"tss.reA-itch , " for instance , which has
more than twoscore different forms. The
first part of the Avord may be "tsar , "
t
" " " " " " " * '
"tzsre , "czar , "cesar" or "cezar , and
the last part may be "vitch. " "vidi , "
"vitz , " "witz" or ' 'tsch , " and the "i"
ma Abe changed to * 'ee" in all the forms.
ONE OF DALXY'S PRINCIPAL STREETS.
shan May 28. The Chinese belieAed that
the Japanese had been defeated by the
Russians , but it is regarded as more
likely that the advance toward Feng-
wangchcng and return to Takushan Avas
simply a Japanese feint.
Turkey Keeps Black Sea Sealed.
The Associated Press is informed offi
cially" that no negotiations are taking
place between Russia and Turkey con
cerning the passage of the Black sea
fleet through the Dardanelles. The Turk
ish government has affirmed positively
its intention to maintain neutrality and
to observe strictly the obligations of the
Berlin treaty.
While diplomatic circles do not believe
in the existence of danger in the Bal
kans , it is thought that Russia \vill not
consider a reduction of the Black sea
fleet at this time.
A Chinese formerly employed in the
marine shops at Port Arthur , who ar
rived at Chee Fee , says that only five
of the nine largest Russian ships at
Port Arthur are capable of going to sea
auf that steam is kept up on but three
of the five sound vessels.
A correspondent at Tien-tsin learns
that 10,000 Russian infantry , Avith sev
eral batteries of artillery , are intrench
ed in a strong position at Pochichia ,
twelve miles south of Kai-Chau and
thirty-five miles from Newchvranp.
As one writes the Avord he is forcibly
reminded of Andrew Jackson , who did
not think much of a man Avho could not
spell a word in more ways than one.
Port Arthur Well Supplied.
It is said that Port "Arthur is abun
dantly supplied with provisions and
munitions of war. The bulk of the
supplies noAv there was sent fllbin
Vladivostok before communication Avas
cut off. Vladivostok was not AA'eaken-
efl by sending these supplies and there
is plenty of everything remaining ex
cept sugar. Kerosene is also scarce
airong the civilians , but the quantity
on hand is adequate for the needs of
the garrison. The railway is open
and the traffic in ordinary freight is
considerable.
American Tin Mines.
The newly discovered tjn mines at
Gaffney , S. C. , bid fair to prove much
richer than was at first thought. Shafts
have been sunk to a depth of fifty feet ,
and the report is that "the deeper the
shaft goes the richer the deposit is found
to be. " One expert expresses the opin
ion that the mines will proA'e to he the
richest of their kind in the world. Ma
chinery is being established for the work
ing of several tons of ores per day.
Three hundred Russians are reported
to have fallen in the fight at Kinchow.
BANDITS HOB TJftAIN.
PASSENGER ON DENVER AND
RIO GRANDE HELD UP.
Masked Men Wound a Brakeman , Blow
Safe and Get Bag of Specie Bandits
Cross a River and Flee to the Mount
ains.
Denver and Rio Grande passenger
train 3 , west bound from Denver , was
held up Tuesday night by five masked
men three miles west of Parachute ,
a small fruit station between Grand
Junction and Glen wood Springs. One
scaled bag containing specie was taken
fiom the express safe , which was
dynamited. The express car was
wrecked , but the robbers were forced
to take to the mountains before they
could gather up the valuables in the
car.
car.When
When the train reached a point three
miles west of Parachute two masked
men crawled over the tender of the
engine. They placed six-shooters to
the head of Engineer Allison and his
fireman and demanded that the train
be stopped. Three men were waiting
on the tender , and as the train stop
ped they ran back and uncoupled the
cpress and baggage cars. These cars ,
with the engine , were run two miles
west.
west.Members
Members of the train crew were
ordered to remain with the passenger
couches under threat of being shot.
When the point selected for the dyna
miting of the express car was reached
the engineer and fireman were orderd
down. One of the robbers covered
them with two revolvers while the re
mainder of the gang wont to the ex
press car. Messenger D. il. Shea re
fused to open the car and piled the
baggage in front of the door. The rob
bers placed a stick of dynamite- the
side door and it was blown away
and half a dozen trunks piled up
against it were demolished.
The large iron combination safe wa
the only one in the car. The robbers
showed that they were familiar with
conditions on th.e road , for they did
not even ask the messenger to open
the safe. This safe can be opened
only in Denver or Salt Lake City. A
stick of dynamite- was placed against
the lock of the safe. At this point
Brakeman Shelleubarger , who had
been ordered to remain with the pas
senger coaches , two miles behind , came
running up the track carrying a lan
tern. One of the robbers shot at him.
He was wounelcd in the leg.
When the robbers saw the train crew
coming they fled to the mountains.
One of them , as he jumped from the
express car , seized one scaled bag
which had been blown out of the safe.
The scene of the robbery is only 000
yards from the Grand river , and it is
believed the robbers had a boat hid
den in the Grand and used this to
cross the river , destroying it after they
had crossed.
WORLD'S FAIR EXPENSES.
Cost of Seeing the Bi Show for a Week
Need Not Kxcccd $23.
What will it cost to see the St Louis
fairV This is the question huudrcds of
thousands of people are asking. And
there arc sis many answers as there are
qucbtJoniirs. It will cost you as much
or as little as you choose.
By careful economy and by making ar
rangements in advance , one shoukl be
able to see the fair one week the actual
fair without trimmings for $25. This
does not include railroad fare , the Pike ,
the theaters , the purchase of souvenirs.
It does include just this :
Room , six days at $1.50 $0 00
Admission , six days 3 00
Breakfasts , six days at 25 cents. . 1 50
Luncheons , six days ( on grouudsj ,
at 75 cents -1 50
Dinners , six days ( on grounds ) ,
at 75 cents 4 50
Car fare to grounds , 10 cents a day GO
Total $23 10
By arranging in advance , a pleasant
room may be secured for $1.50 or $2 per
day. By good luck , this may include
breakfast. Of course a breakfast
25 cents will not be very elaborate. But
it should consist of good coffee , good
rolls and fruit.
To save time and a second admission
ticket , one should count on eating lunch
eon acd dinner inside the grounds. The
gates are open from G a. in. to midnight
Prices inside the grounds are high.
Of course , one might live ou a ham
sandwich and a cup of coffee , but the
exertion of walking around the immense
extent of grounds makes one's appetite
ravenous. Sandwiches cost 15 cents each
and coffee 10 cents per cup , and neithei
is very large.
But for 75 cents one may obtain a
simple menl , including a roast , coffee
and a small dessrt. An elaborate din-
nee in the high-grade restaurants will
cost you as much as you wish to spend.
By remaining six days , you can de
vote one-half day to eacli main build-
Ing. Your evenings you may spend on
the Pike , witnessing the illuminations
or inspecting the State buildings.
This is the minimum one should ex
pect to spend. There will be runny
things to tempt you to exceed the limit ,
and it will require great strength of
will to resist them. This , however , is
a fair basis upon which one can esti
mate what it will cost to see the fair.
By writing to the bureau of infonna-
tion , Louisiana Purchase Exposition ,
people can arrange for rooms or learn
bow it can be done.
Marion N. Butler , the well-known
Kansas prohibition agitator , died at his
home in Topeka of cancer of the stem
ach. He had spent the past ten years
trying to reform things in Kansas. He
lectured on temperance and ran a tem
perance paper.
Harry \\J. Kelley , a plumber at work
on a Santa Fe deep well at Shawnee , O.
T. , stepped out of the way of one en
gine on to a main line track , where a
swiftly moving engine stnick him in the
back , tossing him outside the
\v'ar and instantly killing him.
One Hundred Years Ago.
Vaccination for the cowpox was in
troduced with great success in Persia.
The Bank of Cape Fear , with
branches , incorporated the mother
bank at Wilmington , X. C.
The first session of the Court of
Common Pleas was held at St. Louis ,
Mo. , the Supreme Court was organ
ized , and a postmaster appointed.
The Harmonists , a religious sect ,
settled in Pennsylvania.
John Stevens , of Hoboken , N. J. ,
built a steamboat with twin screw
propellers and engine supplied with
line boiler.
Aaron Burr was proposed as the
Federalist candidate for Governor of
New York.
Seventy-five Years Ago. x
The steam'frigate Fulton was blown
up and twenty-six persons killed.
Fort Pierr was established in South
Dakota.
The woman's college at Andover ,
Mass. , was established.
The board of internal improvements
was organized in Mississippi.
A branch of the United States mint
was established at St. Louis.
The United States Telegraph be
came the organ of General Jackson's
administration.
Fifty Years Ago.
Riots occurred at Brooklyn , N. Y. ,
between the advocates of street preach
ing and the Catholics , Wlien many per
sons were killed and wounded , quiet
only being restored by the militia.
The city of Otuaha , Xeb. , was laid
out.
out.Gold
Gold was discovered at Plainfield ,
X. II. , in the Connecticut valley.
Albumen paper was introduced for
use in photography.
A reciprocity treaty was concluded
between the United States and Great
Britain respecting Newfoundland fisu-
erics , international trade , etc.
Four British steamers attacked and
destroyed the ships , dockyard and
stores at Uleaborg.
Forty Yeers Ago.
Major General John C. Fremont
having accepted the Presidential nomi
nation at the hands of the anti-Lincoln
Cleveland convention , resigned his
army commission.
General risk at St. Louis , Mo. , is
sued an order forbidding the prosecu
tion in the State courts for harboring
fugitive slaves.
Provost Marshal General Fry recom
mended to Secretary of War Stanton
that the $300 financial exemption
clause of the draft act be repealed.
Secretary of the Treasury Chase ad
vertised for sale $75,000,000 G per cent
bonds of the United States , to meet
the war's demands.
Thirty Years Ago.
Congress defeated the Eads $11-
000,000 scheme for the improvement
of the mouth of the Mississippi Rivei
by jetties , and passed the Fort St.
Phillips Canal bill , providing for a
ship caual connecting the river and
Gulf of Mexico.
Electrical , wind and rain storms , occurring
*
curring simultaneously in Illinois , Xe\v
York and Michigan , did much property
damage and cost a score of lives.
Rochefort , Paine and Benedict ,
French communists , who had toured
the United States , sailed from New
York.
Twenty Years Ago.
The Emperor of Germany gave a
state banquet at Berlin in. honor of
the Czarina. While en route to the
function Prince Bismarck was sur
rounded by a mob of workingmen and
hooted.
The Republican national convention
in Chicago nominated James G. Elaine
for President and John A. Logan for
Vice President of the United States.
An attempt of William H. Vanderbilt -
bilt to dominate the Rock Island man
agement was answered at the annual
meeting , when his candidate for di
rector was defeated.
The Bankers and Merchants' Tele
graph Company was merged into the
Postal Telegraph and Cable Company.
Ten Years Ago.
Ladas won the English Derby , and
the student days ambitions of Lord
Rosebery , its owner , to marry the rich
est girl in England ( Hannah de Roth
schild ) , to be Premier , and to be own
er of a Derby winner were all real
ized.
ized.The
The United States Senate passed
the revenue measure known as the
"sugar trust bill , " which was declared
to give the trust a profit of $50,000,000.
RIOT AT VICTOR.
Colorado Dynamite Outrdgo
by Fatal Battle.
The authorities at Victor , Colo. , hava
arrested and arc holding 250 union min
ers prisoners , as a result of the riots
and clashes with the troops in the labor
war. These men have been arrested
throughout the district and taken to the
military prison. A reign of terror still
exists throughout the region and although
the situation is well in the hands of the
troops , further outbreaks are feared at
any time. The union men are in the
minority and many of them arc seeking
the shelter of the military prison in or *
der to .save their own lives.
At aii early hour Tuesday a mob of
200 armed men crushed in the front of
the Miners' Union building in Bennett
aicnue with a battering ram. Union
men lied to escape mob violence. The
soldiers pursued and continued firing and
to scour the country for men who wcro
in the union hall.
The vigilance committee organized is
still at work in the small towns arrest
ing unionists and bringing them to Vic
tor , where they are placed under heavy
military guard. These arrests will con-
tiuut , a Victor dispatch says , until every
man of influence in union circles is a
prisoner , when , it is understood , they
will be placed on board a special train
urn ] deported from the county.
Sheriff Bell , who succeeded H. M.
Robertson , announced that all citizens
must go unarmed and any one who dis
obeys this order will be promptly ar
rested by themilitia. . Resistance to his
orders means shooting and no interfer
ence of any kind will he tolerated.
Sheriff Henry M. Robertson resigned
under compulsion. He was forcibly tak
en to the headquarters of the Mine Own
ers' Association and his resignation was
demanded. At first he refused to re
sign , but when finally a coil of rope was
thrown at his feet -weakened and sign
ed the resignation which had been pro
vided for him.
The sentiment of the mine owners , 03
voiced by C. C. Hamlin , secretary of the
association , is that all union miners must
he driven out of the camp. His declara
tion that the time had come to "purge
the district" started the rioting at the
mass meeting in Victor called to discuss
the dynamite outrage at Independence ,
which resulted in the killing of Roxlo
McGee , a non-union miner , and the
wounding of sis other persons , one of
whom , John Davis , also a non-union
miner , died a few hours later. The first
shot was fired by some one in the crowd.
This was followed immediately by I wo
rifle shots from the windows of miners'
unior hall. Sheriff Bell called on the
local company of the State guard , com
manded by Capt. Harry G. Moore , to as
sist in preserving order and in arresting
the men in the union hall. Soldiers were
stationed on the roof of the huildjng op
p&site the hall and from this point of
vantage fired , into the doors and windows
dews of tjie hall. A scattering fire was
Itepl up by both sides for twenty min
utes , at thg end of which time the min-
C s _ surrendered. J s"2. S ? we re killed
" thlT ! * * ' - * *
and eigiit "wcuud.ed in rioting \
The city marshals of Anaco-nda , Goldfield -
field and Independence are among the
prisoners held by the authorities. To
gether with the city marshal of Victor
and the sheriff of Teller County , this
makes a total of five officials ofthe gold
camp towns who have been deposed
since the troubles of Monday began.
A VICTIM OF MOONSHINERS.
Body of Missing Philadelphia Million
aire Found in the Mountains.
The mystery surrounding the .disap
pearance of the young Philadelphia mill
ionaire. Edward L. Wentz. last October.
was partially clear-
Mi the other day ,
when his body was
found in the moun
tains near Kelley-
vie\v , Wise County ,
Virginia. But the
manner in which hemet
met his death may
never he ascertain
ed. It is believed
he was murdered by
Tioonshiuers who in
fest the region and
LDUARD L. AVE.NTZ. with whom he was
not on good terms. The body was found
by a boy who was searching for a stray
cow. The front teeth were missing. His
revolver , from which three shots had
been fired , and his eyeglasses were dis
covered twenty feet from the body.
What are supposed to be , bullet holes
were found in the coat and vest. There
was a bullet wound above the heart ,
which was probably the cause of death.
The vast property on wiiich the scene
of the tragedy is laid covers several
counties and extends in part over the
borders of four States Virginia , West
Virginia , Kentucky and Tennessee. It
is wild , mountainous land , rich in unde
veloped coal and other minerals. It3
mountain strongholds are peopled with
squatters , who have lived there for gen
erations and who have furnished the
men who have shed so much blood in the
Hatfield-McCoy feuds. This tract la
OAfned by the Wentz family , and the
sons a few years ago organized a com
pany to develop the property. They
built a mansion on the scene and went
there from Philadelphia to live.
Early last October a big illicit dis
tillery in the neighborhood was broken ,
up. One of the revenue officers was
killed and the leader of the moonshiners
mortally wounded. The responsibility
for the whole affair was placed upon the
shoulders of Edward Wentz by the
moonshiners. He was -warned by friends
that his life was in imminent danger.
Oct. 14 last he started out for a ride
on horseback , and that was the last
seen of him until his body -was found
recently. The whole country roundabout
was thoroughly searched , and the spot
where the body was found -was gone
over again and again. Rewards aggre
gating $100,000 were offered for information
mation concerning him.
To Reclaim Huge Swamp ,
The Canadian Pacific Railway Com
pany this year will commence the lajg-
est irrigation schAe ever undertaken in
that country and by it will reclaim over
3,00(5,000 ( acres of swamp lands and
make them suitable for farm purposes.
The company \vill commence by dredg
ing the main canal , which will be twenty
miles long , and will reclaim over 3,000-
000 acres of land. The work is to be
carried on near Calgary in the North
west Territory.
Old papers for sale at this office.