f HE VALENTINE DEMOCRAT X. M KICE , I' YALKNTINE , NEBRASKA Theworlf armc * ; t.as time to listen to the man who has something to say. Chicago boasts of 1,100 churches. - tomeuseful ; some merely ornamental. TJoaey doesn't grow on trees , but It teem * to develop pretty rapidly in oil The chances are that Russell Sage triohea that Hettie Green's aim may be and her nerve strong. DM It ever occur to you what would happen to the country if the women's dob * were all suddenly to dissolve ? "Mr. Carnegie talks of buying and op- mtlng a number of newspapers. Per- Jtopj he Is not getting rid of his money lut enough. "Weare a thrifty people. Belling as we lo warships to Kussia , and mules to d meantime carrying on quite ft , war of our own. John Plerpout Morgan is simply a great big overgrown promoter. And he Deceives great big overgrown commis- ttons on his deals. If all actors were like the late Sol -mUh Russell iiobodj' would have any fanse to complain of the demoralizing Influences of the stage. Having invented ( for publication ) * one of the greatest wonders of mod- trn times , " Mr. Tesla has turned his Attention to something else. * * It is presumed that the money con f tributed by Americans will last Pad- .jrewski about four years. He is com- kig back at the end of that time. New York is going to expend $1,500- & 00 for churches during the coming fear almost as much as the average magnate Is willing to lay out on his lummer cottage. A Kansas man has named his baby Jaughter B. Pluribus Uuum. He isn't is crazy , however , as might at first be Supposed. She is his eleventh , and the ther ten are living. A college President died of grief be- tause the students didn't like him. What a dropping off of college presl- lents there would be If that complaint ; became generally fatal. R. Stockton , Sol Smith Kus- fell. J. Sterling Morton , Amos J. Cum- ilngs. Potter Palmer , Archbishop Cor- rlgan , Bret Harte and Admiral Samp- Ion constitute a list that the world can ) K > t lose without painfully missing. Food sharps state that what the Working man needs for his proper fcourishment is about : j. < V)0 ) calories or heat units. The man who attempts to leed a hungry workman on calories is likely to get slapped with the tin din ner pall. Here Is a lovely refrain for a news- Japer poet When Hetty Pulls Hdr Gun. Reference to Walker's rhyming Dictionary will show scores of suitable Chymes for "Green" and "gun" and he must be a pretty poor order of poet Who cannot work up a poem of solid Indiana merit on such a theme. And when Hetty does pull her gun there'll fre something doing In legal circles. Dr. Cyrus Edson , health officer of New York , finds many reasons why reputable physicians should advertise their business in the daily newspapers. Besides the benefits to the doctor him self benefits to which he is clearly entitled and of which he is robbed by neglecting , to advertise it it is a great tronvenieuce to the public to learn at first hand where to find a physician who makes a specialty of a particular class of diseases. Dr. Edson is confi dent that the ban on advertising will soon be removed. Ton may go about tenths of the comfortable homes in al most any civilized country and find that the sun is counted by the typical housewife her especial foe. She does not allow him even to peep Into her parlor , that holy of holies , where her "best furniture and her finest carpets and costliest hangings are oh , no ! Science has clearly shown that sun light properly used decreases mortali ty. Both physically and morally we should let the sunlight have free right of way into our lives. If we lot it into tue physical sphere it will find its Tray into the moral. There is no such thing as too much sunlight. When you arc yearning for wealth did you ever stop to wonder if you could stand it ? Poverty has wrecked the minds of many. Sudden affluence lias had the same result. It takes a level head to withstand the shock of sudden prosperity. A young man in one of the West States always wanted money. He tried a lot of ventures that didn't pay. and finally went into a Jo.nd speculation. He took la $3.000 hi three weeks and went stark , glbbpr- Ing crazy. Three thousand dollars isn't much. Mr. Morgan could put twice .that amount in his , inside pocket and forget it. But riches are comparative. 'A dollar" a fortune to a beggar and 2T cents looks like great wealth to the average boy. To the young uai t'jls Tucney seemed like unlimited wealth. He gave diamond rings and music 'boxes to his friends , presented a gold J . watch to a hack driver. Then he was sent to an Insane asylum. The posses sion of money is good and an ambition to honestly gain pos- sion of wealth is laudable. This case simply shows that money without brains to care for it , without mental balance to make good use of it , is a calamity instead of an advantage. When you demand from Destiny great wealth , ask for wisdom with it. "A New York man recently called on me , " said ex-Commissioner Evans re cently , "submitted a list of fifty men and asked me if the names of any of them were on the pension rolls. 'Dur ing the Civil War , ' he said , 'there was a bank on the river front In New York. Across the street was a recruiting sta tion. One day fifty recruits came Into the bank In a body and each deposited his bounty. None of them has ever called to obtain his money. Interest was allowed for twenty-two j'ears. My visitor was trying to locate these men , so the accounts might be closed. I had the pension rolls examined and found six of the names of the fifty men who had deposited the money forty years ago. Each of the six , by proving his identity , will receive a large sum. " The appreciations of Francis Bret Harte called forth by his death have strangely omitted to give him the credit he deserves as the'father of the modern short story. His service to literature in this respect Is more clearly discerned in England than In America. We have not yet fully grasped the fact that to Bret Harte , more than to any other writer , belongs the honor of giving the short story its most perfect and human form. Poe and Hawthorne had brought the older type of story to perfection , but their tales dealt largely with an imaginary world. It remained for Bret Harte practically to create the story of local color and of local char acters. From the appearance of "The Luck of Roaring Camp" in the Over- laud Monthly in 1870 we may justly date the rise o the modern short story. With a Hash of genius the y'oung author put into his tales the strange , wild , kaleidoscopic life of the mining camps as he had seen it in his most impres sionable years , setting each picture into sin exquisite framework of Sierra scenery , and casting over his unkempt characters just enouirh of the glamour of romance to make them attractive. The distinctive thing about the stories was their essential realism their frank portrayal of real characters in a pe culiar environment. This type of story has become so universal now that we take it as a matter of course. Mr. How- ells has applied the method to New En gland , Mr. Cable to Louisiana , Irlr. Page to Virginia , Mr. Allen to Ken tucky , Mr. Kipling to India , and so on through the list of the best story writers of the day. The short story now is closer to the hearts of the peo ple than any other form of literature. It will ever remain Bret Harte's chief glory that he brought it out of the air and down to the soil and the lives of real men and women. Social customs are matters of lati tude and longitude as truly to-day as theyere when St. Ambrose declared that iu Rome he kept fast on Satur days , although in Milan he did not. There is but one invariable rule for the young woman who wishes her practice of all social forms to be "correct. " It is of no use for her to write to the mentor of some "Woman's Column" in a newspaper , to beg for n tinal edict on this , that or the other problem of man ners. The verdict will be of no avail , for other questions will spring up around it like mushrooms. The only course for the inquirer is to study care fully the community in which her lot is cast. Then she must select the highest standard there set up , make it her own , and adorn it with suchj special and per sonal graces as she may possess. For example , in the older Eastern cities the people have been slowly driven , by influences varie/1 and numerous , to something resembling the European at titude toward ehaperonage for young girls. Even when the chaperon is a more or less unwelcome burden to the "bud , " ' she is now accepted as a matter of course. But to introduce such a scheme of social life into a Western frontier town or into many a New En gland village would be an absurdity. On the Western prairie the girl would probably have to take care of the chap eron as well as of herself. In the New England village the straightforward , sensible , capable girl would be in sulted by the suggestion that she did not value her own self-respect the fruit of her best wisdom far above rubies. The very freedom of the prairie is a protection. The simplicity of the village makes the complicated motive ; ind the clandestine attitude unthink able to the "nice" girl and the high- minded boy. Conduct that would be unwise to the girl bred to European traditions is not so unwise in other so- lal conditions of lime or place. The xirl who determines lhat she will al- ivays choose "the first best" wherever ; he is need not fear being judged rustic > ecause her social observances are not jxactly those of Boston or London. The Welsh At a recent eisteddfod at Dolgelly , iValcs , one of the principal speakers stated that in 1871 as many as 1,00J.- XX ) persons spoke Welsh , but in 1S91 he number had fallen to 1)11.280 ) a de- rrease of 05,811. though the population lad meanwhile increased. Short-Liived. "His musical compositions achieve ionic little popularity , but not for ong. " "That's so ; just thirty-day notes , as it vere. " Philadelphia Press. Work Is pretty hard. Make it count Irrijjatinc a Farm Garden. Mauj' farmers feel so sure of success with artificial watering that they are putting down artesian wells and in tend to build reservoirs as soon as pos sible , the past dry seasons causing them to realize the necessity of a most constant supply of moisture. Nearly all the wells are 2 inches in diameter 'and ' cost from oO to SO cents per foot. The flow amounts to from 15 to 85 gallons per minute. One SMriuch well that cost $200 and is 295 feet deep flows about 1,300 gallons per minute , though the amount has never been ac curately measured. K is thought the flow of some wells near this large one has diminished and it is possible that the artesian water supply may be lim ited. ited.A A few fields have been flooded or "wet up" direct from these wells dur ing the fall and winter , and have pro duced the following season 25 to 30 bushels of wheat to the acre , and other crops in proportion , while fields not so treated produced less than half this amount. Irrigation here is largely con fined to gardens , the water in most cases being used direct from the welK but a few farmers have reservoirs which aid in the economical use of the water , thus giving much better results. One garden has been irrigated five AX AKTESIAN VATER 51 PI'LY. years and is producing all kinds of vegetables in abundance and of fine quality. A few gardens have been watered by wind-pumps. This method gives excellent results , especially where a small reservoir is used. Other gar dens have been watered by pumping from streams. This mode of irrigation must necessarily be limited , as the amount of water in streams is very small ( luring a dry time. In fart , I have seen it almost dry. The water is usually run between the rows of the various crops , some times between every row. or at most every third or fourth row. The plan proposed is to have main ditchesviih several sets of laterals dividing the fields into squares , varying in size ac cording to the slope of the ! : ind. In stead of ditches for the second set of laterals , back furrows may have to be substituted if the fields have much slope , for the water is too valuable to permit of waste. The illustration shows how a few "catch" the water from artesian wells. It may be dis tributed as best suits the gardener or farmer. L. G. Hendricks , in Farm and Home. The Gradiia Pea. Those who find the best profit in rais ing the wrinkled varieties of peas will be glad ro have the Gradus. shown in the illustration. Not only is the quality 3t" Hiis variety equal to that of any , kvrinklecl sort , but it is better than any ) > f the smooth sorts that are early in I season. The Gradus combines quality ivith extra earliness and extreme pro- luctivoness. .Most of the wrinkled sorts ire ratlur lender , but this variety may THE G1SADL& PICA. > e planted as early as any of the smooth sorts without injury , and .s ( aid to be the only wrinkled variety vith which this can be done. The , growth of the vine is strong and lealthy. and the bearing qualities are if the best. The pods are large , holrt- ng from eight to ten peas. While the ort is comparatively new. it has been ested quitet extensively , and if it does s well generally as in the localities rhere it has been tested it will be an cquisition. Deep T lowinj ; . We used to believe in what we read vhen young about the value of plow- ng deep to bring up the fertility that ; iad leached down through the surface oil into the subsoil. Our opinion was hanged when we tested the deep ( lowing upon a field with a clay sub- oil that we planted with corn. Later xperiments have more thoroughly con- inced us that deep plowing , by which 1 re mean a depth of more than four to i ix inches. Is se. ' m beneficial .in this t limate , whatever it nuiy be in other f ectious of the eouiuThe crops like , j , corn , that like to spread their roots near the surface where the soil is warmed by the sun , certainly not need to have the earth stirred very deeply for them , while those that send their roots down into the subsoil , as ' onions , clover , beets , etc. , can do so 1 almost through the hardest subsoil or anything excepting a gravel in which there is no moisture. American Culti vator. Select Good Seed. Replauting in the field Is obnoxious to the farmers , hence they should select j good seed. When plants are missing In j the hills or rows the appearance of the I field is not attractive. It is better and j ' cheaper to buy selected seed than to perform the labor of replanting that which would be unnecessary and which could be prevented by making a proper beginning. The failure to properly pre- | pare the ground , too little care given to the covering of the seeds and economis ing in the use of seeds are also causes of loss. Sorjchnm for Stock Feed in sr. Any farmer who can grow corn sue- ' cessfully can succeed with sorghum , and will find it a decided addition to the winter supply of stock food , al though those without a great deal of experience with it seem to think it can be used to advantage only as a supplement to the pasture. To grow sorghum successfully the soil must be put in good condition , broken up deep and well prepared. Make the seed bed fine and sow the seed any time this month. Grown for hay , the seed is j sown broadcast at the rate of two bushels per acre and harrowed in , but it is better to grow it in rows two or three feet apart , the latter distance being preferable , enabling one to culti vate with the horse. When grown in rows the culture should be the same as with corn , and the plot should be kept free fromeeds. . Stock of all kinds eat sorghum readily and it will pay to experiment with a small plot of it this season. In feeding it , ns with all foods that are new to the ani mals , it should be given in small quan tities at first until the animals get used to it. An Uudertjronnd Cistern. Mrs. Lou Detwiler. of O'Brien Coun- ty. writes Iowa Homestead : "Will you please give a good plan for an under- ' ground cistern ? I would like one " 0 the pump can be in the house. " To this the editor of the . Homestead replies : "A cistern is built according to the customary methods with an inlet for the rain water. In the bottom or to c n > , side of the cistern is built a filter , i which consistse of a solid brick wall made of soft brick. A lead pipe lends from this to the cistern pump in uie kitchen. All cisterns should be provided with an overflow pipe to let off the sur plus water in time's of flood. We nnd this a better plan than to depend on cutting off the flow in the inlet , as that ' will sometimes be neglected. " | Trimming Plnm Tree * . The trimming of plum trees is simi- ' lar to that of the peach. Do not trim a plum tree for two or three years , as the little shoots bear the first fruit , and let them remain until yon have had a good crop. Afterward trim the trees systematically , says Mr. Skill- , nuin. a successful New Jersey plum j grower. ' Fnrrn Notes. Bordeaux mixture controls downy mildew on lima beans. The Iron Mountain is a rich peach Hid almost melts in the mouth. A haphazard , go-easy way in farm- * ing is not going to bring a big profit ; his year. Make the boy's interest in the farm io profitable that he will be anxious to make farming his life work. Chicory culture was started by Long Island farmers several years ago , but t did not pay and has been abandoned. The-farmer as well as the business nan who is going to forge to the front liese times is the one who thinks and ilans. Broom corn should have frequent Motivation till the plants are two feet ilgh. Then the cultivation may be stopped unless needed to retain moist- ire. It has been demonstrated that in the sections where thorough drainage is micticed larger crops are produced. [ ind at less cost than wher drainage is < ' i icglected. j The currant worm is ready to begin I i vork on the first approach of warm [ { veather. Powdered hellebore is the ! c emedy , which may be used with i p vater or applied in the dry condition , ' i vhile the leaves are damp from rain1 t dew. jj String beans can be obtained during a he entire summer by planting once a ' f nonth for successive supplies. The0 eed germinates quickly in warm veather , and the plants grow rapidly. Chey can also be extensively grown , or pickling. When the old strawberry beds are | ut of use plow them under for late abbage or turnips. If preferred the' and may remain for a garden plot text spring , but If such is preferred ; , he bed must be seed. Late in the ail cover the beds with manure and 3 low the plot neit spring. | fcfl A MAN'S WAY AND A WOMAN'S. CCORDING to the Ladies' Home Journal , this is one of tiie differ ences between mankind and womankind : Why is it deemed so necessary for a woman to affect knowledge when the affectation is perfectly apparent ? I do not say that this affectation of ( knowledge is confined to women. But one sees it less among men. A man Is quicker to say , "I don't know any thing about it , " and that ends the matter for him. What is it that makes woman consider it necessary that she must be au courant with the passing Tads of the day ? It is palpably appar ent that she cannot be. Then why pretend that she is ? This higher de velopment is rapidly drifting into a de- | velopment of altogether the wrong side I Df woman. And it is due very largely to the fact that she does not seem to be able to concentrate her powers. The intelligent mastery of any one of the great sciences for which woman's mind ind temperament are peculiarly adapt ed is sufficient to absorb all her en ergies and power. Why must she turn aside from an honest grasp of one thing to acquire a scattering knowl edge of a doj.en things ? Nothing is ac- ' iually accomplished thereby , luforma- ' Uoii picked up at random is not knowl edge. Knowledge , in its final analysis , ! s a clear perception of something ; a Quality , behind which you cannot get. It is rare to find a woman who can put one great thing first in her life and then make all other things secondary to it. A man does this , lie puts his business first , and all things are ad- Justed thereto. In that very adjust ment of things lies his success. Mothers never have any trouble with the naturally curly locks of their chil- 3ren. It is the straight ones that per plex them. If a child's hair be brushed upward instead of downward from in fancy it will acquire a tendency to curl by the end of the first year. Hairdressing is a detail that does not receive much attention in the case of little girls. Probably not one inolher tn fifty studies the contour of her i flaughter's face with a view to ascer taining the most becoming head-dress- tog. tog.To To the intelligent mother a baby's jry should be the best index to its phy sical condition. The healthy baby cries rcry loudly and in a lusty , explosive , ingry manner , and the tears flow free ly. The sick baby , or the one on the rerge of sickness , cries peevishly or svhines in a low tone. Watch the manner in which the baby takes its food. If it is perfectly well it ivill attack the bottle greedily and will express its satisfaction much in the Mime manner as any other young aui- nal that is , by soft and inarticulate loises and grunts. If , on the other land , the baby contemplates Its food ) efore touching it , or , after tasting urns from it , be sure there is some- hing wrong. Don't play "up to the sky and down : gain , " suiting the action to the words iy tossing the half-delighted , half- cared and wholly excited baby several eet skyward and catching him as he omes down , while he gasps and trem- les , undecided whether to laugh or ry. Babies have nerves , ; md such ames will make neurotic martyrs at n early age. Education Ts Her Life Work. The first woman in the history of the kmgregational church to receive the egree of bachelor of divinity is Miss Florence A. Fen- } sham of Constant- ! ( nople , upon whom the honor was re- . cently conferred in } Chicago , after she had taken a course in the Chicago The ological Seminary. Miss Fenshain is a native of East j Douglas. Mass. MISS KEXSHAM. while young she noved with her family to Albany , N. f. She received her education at Cor- lell and Harvard , subsequently study- ng at the University of Edinburgh nd at Oxford University , England. Lfter her Oxford course she went to Jonstantinople. where she occupied the hair of Biblical literature and com parative religion in the AiwrY-in col- zge for girls , an institution founded > y Americans. She now holds the iui- tortant position of dean of the college , nd when she returns to the Turkish apital. she will also assume the duties f chaplain. The Characters of School Teachers. The rank and file of the teaching rce from the highest to the lowest ositions non-progressive and are non- fudious. Few are close , thoughtful indent in any line of education or of nnd scholarship. Thi is just as true f a majority of university ad college rofo.-cors as it is > if the omiMi.md I'uded school teachers. Such a coud-- on can only tx accounted for on the jrpotheste that most persons who se- . : < cure a position as teacher have reached their highest ambition.-and are content to spend most of their time in merely holding what they have as the way of living out their monotonous lives with the least annoyance and friction. They are satisfied if they draw their salaries. If they read , It is not the quality of reading that develops mental power or broadens or deepens the sources of knowledge. As much as many do is to- read something of a fugitive nature Iu order to pass away the time or , as they say , "for recreation. " Their reading la chiefly mental dissipation. The Worldr . Work. Advice to "WiveH. Max O'Rell , In his book , "Her Royal Highness , Woman. " gives this ad vie * to wives : "To rule your husband , my * dear lady , do exactly as you please , but always pretend that you do as h pleases. That is where your ability comes in. Men are ruled , as children are , by the prospect of a reward. The reward of your husband is your ami ability , your sweetness , your devotion , and your beauty , of which you should- take constant care. "Always let him suppose that it Is for- him that you wish to remain beautifuL The woman who believes she is assert Ing her independence every time she- puts on a hat particularly displeasing : to her husband-is as clever and Intelli gent as the Irishman who buys a re turn trip ticket at a railroad office , and , , on entering the car remarks to the pas sengers , "I have bought a return tick et , but I don't mean to come back. ' " Glycerine. Many people think glycerine a per fectly good and healing application for" the skin. This is a mistake ; pure gly cerine Is very heating'and parching. Sometimes it has to be taken instead or cod liver oil. and it leaves a very un pleasant and burning sensation in the- throat. It has a strong affinity for water , and absorbs all - the moisture from any surface it touches , so that It dries and hardens the skin. Mothers and nurses will sometimes apply pure- glycerine to a baby's tender , chafed skinwhich gives it much pain and' really injures the skin. Glycerine oughc always to be mixed with an eq.ua ! quantity of water. Hose water or elder flower instead of plain water makes it more agreeable to use. and it can thea be applied with great benefit to the- most tender skin. Girl "Who Has 3Tade a Tiecord. Miss Lillian Glotfelty , who carries the mail on the rural delivery route out of Hampton. Iowa , is one of Uncle- Sam's faithful * ser vants and has just distinguished her self for making the- best money order record in the rural system in Iowa. Slip is II ) years old and was one of the- first girls to become a rural mall carrier. Miss Glotfelty for merly lived In this UL.OTI'i-i.T\ . . . . , city and was edu cated in the Eldora public schools. Her brother , Charles Glotfelty , has beert given a position similar to that of lite accomplished sister and both have the warm regards of the farmers they serve. A Hint to Girls. It was a little thing , but the other flay a young girl was noticed following- lier callers , two young lads , into the- ball as they took their leave. She even , accompanied them to the stoop , this , undoubtedly because she did not quite know how to say good by and dismiss them hi the parlor. There was noti ng formal In the call , which was mere ly a drop-in of some schoolboys , but it svould have been a good time for that roung girl to practice the little digiil- 3ed conversation of the hostess , that presently she will very much need. A. ; irl may be all that is charming and companionable and cordial and hospit- ible , and yet preserve the ceremonious "orms that are the necessities of social ntercourse. Harper's Bazar. Health and Beauty Hints. Summer freckles are easily removed > y applications of diluted lemon juice. To remove the odor of onions from rour breath eat a little parsley dipped n vinegar or drink a cup of strong cof- ee. Cucumbers and strawberries are s'ov- treign cosmetics if prepared properly , , ind even when used raw the former ias a bleaching effect on the skin and. he latter a bleaching effect on the- eeth. Tooth powder containing camphor ometimes causes the enamel of the eeth to crack , and therefore It is better .voided , since the cracking of tfae- narnel means the first stage in the de- ay of the teeth. Sleeping with flowers in your room is. langerous , for during the night they ive off the carbonic acid gas they have aken up during the day , and , more- ver , they consume some of the oxygen f the room , all of which you need for ourself. WomanTs greatest charm Is perfect ealth. The healthy woman , full of ounding life and enthusiasm , centers ttention on herself is , admired by men nd envied by other women. She is ever meiicholy , jealous , irritable , ex- itable. nervous , hysterical or subject > fainting.