An Improved Brooder.
The Orange Judd Farmer gives com-
preheusive illustrations of an improved
brooder.
Fig. 1 shows the brooder complete
with cover raised. The hover is shown
within the top. The upper dotted line
shows the position of the matched
"board floor and the lower dotted line
shows the position of the sheet iron
beneath which the lamp stove Is placed.
Fig. 2 shows the drum of sheet iron ,
or galvanized iron , which is attached
to the edge of a circular opening in the
floor , as shown in Fig. 3. This cut
shows the floor , the sheet Iron and the
two inch space between them with the
lamp underneath the sheet Iron. The
air above the sheet iron is warmer and
rises through the drum , escaping
FIG. 1. BUOODEK COMPLETE.
through the small openings under the
top , out into the brooder. A cloth cur
tain is hung around the edge of the
"broad top of the drum , forming a hover ,
inro which the chicks go for warmth.
This curtain is "slashed" up every few
inches. Openings in the sides of the
brooder admit air to the lamp to the
space between the sheet iron and the
floor above , and also ventilate the
brooder chamber. These openings
from the brooder chamber can be con
trolled by corks in very cold weather.
The brooder can be made any size up
FIG. 2. FIG. 3.
inoK imuir. LAMP , FLOOH AND DKVJI.
to :3x4 : feet , which is large enough for
seventy-five chicks. It can be heated
with an incubator lamp or any good
! lamp with Xo. 2 burner and large oil
\ chamber.
Cnrrantj for Profit.
There is no kind of small fruit that is
so sure a crop if kept from the worm as
the currant. It also generally sells at
a good price , with the advantage to the
grower that the currants will remain
on the bushes two or three weeks , not
only without injury , but each day
growing better after they are colored.
This may not altogether prevent a glut
1n the market , but it at least gives the
currant grower more time in which to
market his fruit. The only drawback
to currant growing is the currant
worm , but this is so easily killed by
timely applications of hellebore pow
der that it is really an advantage lo the
grower who uses it in lime , as it de
stroys the currants of so many others
who would otherwise be his competi
tors. There is nothing usually to be
made in what everybody can produce
very easily. American Cultivator.
Sirctchinsr Karbeil Wire.
Uarbed wire is uncomfortable stuff
iit the best. One of the easiest ways ,
perhaps , to handle it when placing it
upon posts is with the device shown in
.the accompanying illustration , which
is from the American Agriculturist.
nAKBED WIKK DEVICE.
This frame can be quickly made and
from it the wire can be unreeled as
rapidly as a man can walk , pulliug the
framework after him. When his com-
panipn is ready to staple the wire to a
stnkfc , the pin is put through the side
of the frame , locking the reel , when
the wire can be pulled up as taut as
des-ired.
Preparation for Clover.
Vsually there is not much difliciilty
in securing a stand of clover , but ow
ing to a diversity of soils there are oc
casionally small areas upon which the
younc ? clover plants fail to grow. To
nanl against this failure haul ma-mire
-direct from the horse stable and scat
ter it thinly .over those places. Straw
should be used liberally for bedding ,
-ind during the winter enough manure
will be made to cover several acres.
The soluble parts of the manure are
washed into the surface soil , where
they are easily available for the young
clover plant. The straw serves as a
mulch , affording considerable protec-
tion should an early drouth follow.
Clover haulm can be used the same
way , thereby getting the benefit of any
seed remaining in it. Whatever the
method employed , we cannot be too
thorough in the preparation for the
clover crop. Orange Judd Farmer.
.How to Secure I.arjic Potatoes.
It will pay to thin potatoes to one
stalk in a place and so give all the
strength and moisture of the land to
those that remain. It might be well
to cut all eyes of the potatoes when
planted , except such as are desired to
grow , and so save the trouble of thin
ning out the field to some extent. There
is no profit in growing a large crop of
potatoes unJcss they are of merchant
able size. The largest potatoes are al
ways found where the largest and
strongest stalks grow , and the small
ones where they are small and weak.
It is a mistake to plant small seed , or
to cut the large ones to one or two eyes
to save seed and to reduce the number
of plants , as the common practice is.
It is much better to plant whole pota
toes of good size , or , if large , to cut
them at most only in halves. Of course ,
it will cost more to seed a field , but
with good seed properly nilniied , much
better results can be obtained.
If one desires to raise the largest
quantity possible from a few seed ,
great results can be obtained by taking
off the shoots and transplanting , but
the potatoes will not grow large. It
may not be known to some people that
each eye in a potato is capable of pro
ducing a large number of shoots ; as
fast as taken oil others will grow. Usu
ally not more than two or three to each
eye will start when planted , but that
number is far too many to lie left to
grow. Orange Judd Farmer.
Trees by the Roatlbidc.
Many farmers when setting out trees
by the roadside make the mistake of
planting only one variety , which hap
pens to be the one that they pailicu-
larly admire. But variety of scenery
adds much to its attractiveness , and a
row of trees of different kinds shows in
the varying foliage far more beauty
than a single variety could do. Besides
where there is a long row of trees ,
some will be on low and wet soil , and
others on that which is high and dry.
Besides , each kind of tree should h.iv
the particular soil that it is best adapt
ed to. An exception to this rule of in
terspersing varieties is found where
rows of sugar maples are planted along
roadsides , to be tapped for sap when
old enough. It is then economy to have
the trees in unbroken rows , so that the
sap may be gathered more easily. A
row or grove of maples near the house
will usually be tapped every spring ,
while the more distant sugar bush may
be neglected , when the woods are full
of deep snow and it is hard work io gt > i
into them.
Corn.
But for the great corn crop uwt > in
the South last season the price would
be mountain high , and the cotton Stats
would be badly stranded. The rst-ap:1
from the peril incident to being caught
between the rocks of 4'-cent { col ( on
and $1 corn , should afford a warnin.y
never to be forgotten.
It is among the probabilities of tin-
near future that the Gulf States wili
be called upon to reverse the old order
of things and ship to the We t. for llu-
unfertilized lands of that .section are
not responding with their old time har
vest of that cereal.
For the next few years , and pIujps
always , there will be a splendid mar
ket for corn and hay in Cuba and Porto
Rico , that we ought to capture and con
trol ; and when the work begins on the
Nicaragua Canal the Gulf States shu'd
supply the corn and fora go consuir d
in course of construction , as well as th.1
cattle , mules and lumber ; and later on
we should make enormous .shipment- :
of these products throuicli tin' iriO.it
canal. Aberdeen Ex.
Variation of Cii'tivxlc.l Pln' > - .
Most of the forest trees havevt rlii -
tle variation from their original s > tock
when grown from peed. With live *
that have been long in cultivation , ili- '
variation is so much greater that lu : >
only way to secure ilic identical , . :
riety desired is by budding and gv.t : ;
ing. It is probable that cultivation an-1
better care given to trees and plant. *
has much to do with making new and *
belter varieties It is after seasons
that are uuusuallv favorable to fruit of
all kinds that the best varieties have
been originated. It is always worth
while to plant the sei-d of extra choice
fruit and see what variety will como
from it. Exchange.
IlomcIade Cheese for Tanner j.
A great deal of the complaint of over
production of dairy products would be
obviated if more farmers made a prac
tice each year of using enough milk for
cheese to have a supply always on the
family table. There is no better , cheap
er or more healthful nutrition than can
be found iu cheese. It contains all the
strength-giving nutrition for which
meat is often eaten , and even when
bought at retail , the cheese gives this
much more cheaply than meat could
do. Almost everybody likes cheese , and
if more farmers made and used it , they
would avoid the necessity of eating an
excess of meat , as many now do , iu
hot weather.
Feedin-.r Cotton-Fcesl Men ! .
Cotton-seed meal is extremely dif
ficult of digestion , and should never hi
gh-en to young animals or those which
from advanced age have a weak diges
tion. The hull which is shown by dark
c
spots in the meal is almost entirely in-
g
digestible. Calves and pigs have-been i
failed by eating small amounts of"dark i
cotton-seed meal. Ruminant animals
t
can digest it better , but it is so concen
trated a food that it ought always to be .
fed with some bulky but less nutri
tious ration. A small amount of cottonseed
ton-seed meal in a pailful of bran mash
can be eaten safely by a cow.
TOPICS EOR FABMERS.
A DEPARTMENT PREPARED FOR
OUR RURAL FRIENDS.
Cuba and the American Jfarnier-The
Farm as a Permanent Home How
to Cnt Up Hojra-Traveling Poai-
ofliccs for the Country.
Since the farmers of this country
have learned more about Porto liico
and Cuba there has been much ques
tion as to what extent the soil products
of these countries will injure home pro
duction if admitted free of duty to our
markets. As Porto Kico is now a Uni
ted States possession there will be no
duty on products shipped from there ,
and the distance will serve to keep
down prices to a point where they will
be of little injury to the home output.
With Cuba it is different , but it is not
probable that the products of the isl
and will materially interfere with our
own except in few instances. In vege
tables we have little to fear from
Cuba.
The main competition will be against
our Southern States , and chiefly in such
tropical productions as pineapples ,
bananas , mangoes , oranges , tobacco
and sugar. With the growths of the
North Cuba cannot compete , but the
people of the island will in time grow
their own vegetables for winter or
rainy season use and also raise their
'
own'meat , thus cutting off a valuable
market. At the present time we have
more to fear from the free entry into
this country of sugar from Cuba than
anything else. If Cuba is kept an inde
pendent nation a duty will probably be
kept on sugar , but if the island shall
eventually become part of the United
States our sugar-producing States must
suffer unless especial provision is made
for them. Farmers' Friend.
'His Farm a Home.
The farm is a home not a place to be
lived at to-day and moved from tomorrow
row , but a home to be improved and
beautified a home where orchards are
to be plante'd , where vines are to be
grown , where substantial things are to
be constructed , where children are to
be born and fathers are to die. Into the
fields come and reap new generations ;
out of the fields and into the graveyard
pass old generations.
There is no spot on earth where God
more continuously shows himself than
on a farm. Uere becomes understood
the endearing name "Father. " The God
is Father to the father , Providence un
rolls the heart-curled corn leaves , fills
the grape skins with new wine , gives
drink to thirsty cattle , beautifies the
garden with many-lined flowers , per
fumes the air with fragrance made
among the meadows. Here , too , man is
made philosophic as he beholds on
every hand the "evidences of design. "
Faith he does not need ; certainty takes
the place of it. Farm and Factory.
Cutting Up HOJCS
For cutting up , the carcass of a hog
should be laid on the back , upon a
strong table , says Western Plowman.
The head should then be cut close by
the ears , and the hind feet so far below
the hocks as not to disfigure the hams ,
and leave room sufficient for hanging
them up ; after whiefi the carcass is di
vided into equal halves , up the middle
of the backbone , with a carving knife ,
and , if necessary , a hand-mallet. Then
cut the ham from the side by the second
end joint of the backbone , which will
appear on dividing ( he carcass , and
diess the ham by paring a little off the
flank or skinny part , so as to shape it
with a half round point , clearing off
any top fat which may appear. Next
out off the sharp edge along the back
bone with a knife and mallet , and slice
off the fust rib next the shoulder ,
where there is a bloody vein , which
must be taken out. since , if it is left iu ,
that part is apt to spoil. The corners
should be squared elf when the ham is
cut. The ordinary practice is to cut
out the spine or backbone. Some take
out the chine and upper parts of the
ribs in the first place : indeed , almost
every locality has its peculiar mode of
proceeding.
Traveling Po-.tofiiccs.
The Postoflice Department has or
dered an innovation in the postal ser
vice by the experimental establishment
of a postoffice on wheels , to operate in
the vicinity of Westminster , Md. The
service , which is to begin shortly , calls
for the use of a postal wagon to travel
over a designated route in rural dis
tricts. Mail boxes can be placed at
some point on the route for every farm
er living within a mile or t\vo from the
proposed route and mail will I > L col
lected therefrom. One important fea
ture of the contemplated innovation ,
which , if successful , will be extended
generally , is that it will have money
order and registry matter facilities.
Grafting for a Head.
A writer in one oE our contempo
raries tells how he succeeded in re
building a tree bygrafting : limbs on
the body of a tree. He had some trees
which were not symmetrical , and some i
from which limbs had been broken , un
til they were one-sided. These were so
badly crippled that it was not probable
the tree would correct the fault , as it
would if but slightly misshapen , so he
secured some scions , and opening the
bark of the body of the tree to be ope
rated on , introduced the scions exactly
as he would if budding a tree , the only
difference being that the scions had
several buds on instead of being a mere
bud. These , were then waxed and
bound as a bud would be , and all of
them began to grow at once , and at the
end of the season bai'J made a very sat
isfactory growth , with a promise of
making the trees so grafted symmet
rical in a very sliort time.
It is thinking of these little things
that makes successful fruit growers ,
and publishing the results is what
makes a man's work valuable to the
world as well as himself. Farmer's
I Voice.
Yon Should Keep Hens.
1. Because you ought by their means
to convert a great deal of the waste of
the farm into money , in the shape of
eggs and chickens for market.
2. Because with intelligent manage
ment they ought to be all-3Tear-revenue
producers , excepting , perhaps , about
two months , during moulting season.
a. Because poultry will yield you a
quicker return for the capital invested
than any of the other departments of
agriculture.
4. Because the manure from the poul
try house will make a valuable com
post for use in either garden or orchard.
The birds themselves will destroy
many injurious insects.
u. Because while cereals and fruits
can only be successfully grown in cer
tain sections , poultry can be raised in
all parts of the country.
G. Because poultry raising is an em
ployment iu which the farmer's wife
and daughter can engage and leave
him free to attend to other depart
ments.
5. Because to start poultry raising on
the farm requires little or no capital.
With proper management , poultry can
be made a valuable adjunct to the
farm. Farmer's Review.
Combined Harvester and Thresher.
The Laufenburg traction engine and
combined harvester is thus described
by the Scientific American : The har
vester , which is used iu the great
wheat fields of California and the Pa
cific coast States , cuts a swath 28 feet
wide , and threshes , cleans and sacks
the grain as it moves along. It would
seem that a machine cutting a strip of
grain 28 feet wide would be handling
straw fast enough to satisfy almost
any one , but the Laufeuburg machine
has been built to cut a nice little swath
of 52 feet and sack the grain complete
ly clean and ready for market. While
the combined harvester is not a new
feature in the handling of crops on the
coast , only recently , and not until the
traction engine became a success in the
field , did they ever attempt to cut
Avider than IS feet , 1C feet being the
standard machine , requiring from thir
ty to forty head of horses to handle it
Wealth of the United States.
The United States constitutes the
richest nation on the globe. Mulhall
furnishes these figures : United States ,
SSlJuO.OOO.OOO ; Great Britain , $59,030-
000,000 ; France. $47,950,000,000 ; Ger
many , $40,200,000,000 ; Russia , $32,125-
000,000 ; Austria , $22,500,000,000 ; Italy ,
$15,800,000,000 ; Spain , $11,300,000,000.
These computations are based upon
values as shown by real estate records ,
buildings , merchandise and railways ,
as well as the circulating medium in
each nation. As will be seen , our wealth
is more than seven times greater than
that of Spain , double that of Germany ,
two and one-half times greater than
that of Russia , nearly double the
wealth of Russia , Italy , Austria and
Spain , and $22,720,000,000 larger than
that of Great Britain.
Keep Out of the City.
Why do men prefer the privations
and battling and poverty of a city ,
when on a farm there is so much of
plenty and peace and Avealth ? The il
literate laborer selects the town be
cause of that sense which prompts the
knowing to raise his eye above the six
pence which conceals the dollar be
yond. "It is easier , ' ' says a carter , "to
load a cart than to grub a clearing. "
And so it is , only that brush land once
made clear stays cleared , while carts
that are laden empty as fast as they
are laden. The work with the cart
waxes harder with the age of the
carter. The cultivation of the land
grows easier with the children of the
farmer.
To Exterminate Vermin.
A writer in the Scientific American
says he has cleared his premises of
vermin by making whitewash yellow
with copperas and covering the stones
and rafters in the cellar with it. In
every crevice in which a rat might go
he put the copperas , and scattered it in
the corners of the floor. The result
was a complete disappearance of rats
and mice. Since that time not a rat era
a mouse has been seen near the house.
Every spring the cellar is coated with
the yellow whitewash as a purifier and
a rat exterminator , and no typhoid ,
dysentery or fever attacks the family.
Cultivation of Timber.
Very little of the timber now in this
country is valuable for lumber , and
that which will not make lumber has
no other value , present or prospective.
If it is to be retained , why not have the
laud freed from taxation ? Perhaps a
premium should be paid for the culti
vation of timber. It seems that we
must do that or do worse. The sooner
we arrive at some determination the
better it will be for the country. As an
investment our timber lauds do not
now pay. G lobe-Democrat.
Potatoes in Africa.
In spile of the statement frequently
made that white potatoes would not
grow in Africa , the trial was recently
made again , and the potatoes grew and
brought forth abudautly. From this
time on travelers and missionaries need
not be deprived of their favorite vege
table , provided they stick to the higher
altitudes. While the African-raised po
tatoes are a little more watery than the
best American or European tubers ,
they are not so much so as to impair
their quality to an important degree.
Spanish Wines.
Wine forms 48 per cent , of Spain's
general exports.
There are still some old-fashioned
people who do not believe that a social
affair is a success unless the colse can
be heard a block away.
Evidence of Indigestion.
Coldness of feet and limbs Is almost
invariably an evidence of Indigestion.
The coldness Is due not to the weak
ness of the heart or feebleness of cir
culation , as is generally supposed , butte
to the contraction of the small arteries ,
preventing blood from entering the
parts. There is generally an irritation
of the abdominal sympathetic nerve
centers wihch control the circulation
of the lower extremities. This difficulty
is not to be removed by exercise or by
any special application to the limbs ,
but by removal of the causes ofirrita
tion. This may be a prolapsed stomacher
or chronic indigestion. Hot and cold
footbaths are valuable. These act not
simply on the feet and limbs , but by re
flex action affect beneficially the ab
dominal sympathetic centers , which
ure in a diseased condition.
Human Power Exhausted.
In an Aberdeen bookshop an old lady
was Inquiring for a copy of the Bible ,
and the shopkeeper brought forward
one at half a crown. But the old lady
wanted something cheaper. A copy at
18 pence was produced , containing
illustrations. But the illustrations , the
old lady averred , entailed superfluous
expenditure. "Then here , " said the
shop-keeper , "is a copy for a shilling ,
which contains a' that's necessary for
salvation. " He descended from the
ladder and laid it before his customer.
"But hae ye no something a wee bit
cheaper ? " asked the old lady. ' 'Wum-
man , wumman ! " said the shopman ,
"ca' upon the Almichty to come down
and sell ye his ain publications , for I
can dae nae ninir ! "
The Highest Cross in the "World.
Crosses arc placed in all sorts of po
sitions , but the monster structure that
has recently been erected on the peak
of the highest of the Hartz mountains
can certainly claim to be the highest
cross in the world. As a matter of
fact the cross is a tower , and has been
built more for the purpose of sight
seeing than anything else. The tower
stands on the .Tosephshoehe Mountain ,
and commands a magnificent view.
The mountain itself is 1,731 feet above
the level of the sea , and the cross tower
is 120 feet high. The colossal struc
ture rests on a quadrangle , shaped into
an immense hall , to hold 500 people.
A stairway of 200 steps leads to the
top , and a hydraulic elevator will soon
make travel unward easier.
FJamo in His Breath.
There is a colored man by the name
of Bill Watson , who is employed in the
new Illinois Central yard as car re
pairer , who has a wonderful breath.
He can take a piece of paper or any
light material and by blowing his
breath upon it the material will ignite.
A Whig man had an opportunity of
seeing this feat accomplished with a
small piece of writing paper. It was
lighted when he had blown his breath
on it twice. He is compelled to sleep
on .in oilcloth and cover with the same
to prevent setting fire to the bedcloth-
ing. He has been in thrmploy of the
Illinois Central company for quite a
while , and is an efficient employe.
Jackson Whig.
The Longest Head > i * Hair.
The woman who posxses the long-
c-'st ' head of hair in the world is said to
be Mercedes Lopez , a Mexican. Her
height is 5 feet , and when she stands
erect her hair trails on the ground four
feet eight inches. The hair is so thick
that she can completely hide herself in
it. She has it cut very frequently , as it
grows so quickly , enabling her to sell
large tresses to hair dealers every
mouth. She is the wife of a poor sheep
herder.
In Austria 5,578 patents were grautea
in 1S97 , of which only 1,795 were issued
to Austrians. 202 to Hungarians and 4
to residents of Bosnia and Herzegovi
na ; that is , 2.0G1 to subjects of the Aus-
tro-Hungarian monarchy. The remain
der , 3,517 , were taken out by foreign
ers. Of these , Germans were most nu
merous , viz. , 1,804 ; Americans were
second , with 4G2 ; British subjects third ,
with 408 , and French fourth , with 3G5.
" Oat of Sight
Oat of Mind/ '
In other months we forget
the harsh winds of Spring.
But they have their use , as
some say , to blow out the
bad air accumulated after
Winter storms and Spring
thaws. There is far more
important accumulation of
Badness in the veins and ar
teries of humanity , which
needs Hood's Sarsaparilla.
This great Spring Medicine clarifies
the blood as nothing else can. It cures
scrofula , kidney disease , liver troubles ,
rheumatism and kindred ailments. Thus
it gives perfect health , strength and ap
petite for months to come.
Kidneys "My kidneys troubled me.
and on advice took Hood's Sarsaparilla
which gave prompt relief , better appetite.
My sleep is refreshing. It cured my wifu
also. " MICHAEL BOYLE , 3-173 Denny Street ,
Pittsburg , Pa.
Dyspepsia " Complicated with liver
and kidney trouble , I suffered for yeara
with dyspepsia , with severe pains. Hood's
Sarsaparilla made me strong and heart } * . "
J. B. EMERTON , Main Street , Auburn , Me.
Hip Disease "Five running sores on
my hip caused me to use crutches.as
confined to bed every winter. Hood's Sar
saparilla saved my life , as it cured me per
fectly. Am strong and well. " ANMS
EGBERT , 49 Fourth St. , Fall River , Mass.
IIood'H Pills cure liver llli. the non-Irritating and
the only cathartic to take with Hood's Saraaparitla.
* * For six yeara I wan a victim ofdy.s-
pcpsla in Its worst form. I could eat nothing
but milk toast , and at times my stomach would
not retain and digest even that. Last March l
began taking CASCARETS and since then r
have steadily improved , until J am as wel. "S I
ever was in iny life. "
DAVID H. MuiiPny. Newark , o.
CANDY
CATHART.C
Pleasant. Palatable. Potent. Taste Good. Jo
Good , Never SIcten , Weaken , or Gripe. lOc , 2oc. tc.
. . , CURE CONSTIPATIOPO. . . .
Bler'U ; Remedy Coaptny , thbago , Montreal. S w Yorl. 511
KG-TQ-8&G Sold and guaranteed by - - ,
- - gists to CUKJ3 Tobacco Habit-
WILL KEEP YOU DRY.
Don't be fooled with J mackintosh
or rubber coat. If you war.tacoat
that will keep you dry in ! hc hard
est storm buy the Fish OranJ
Slicker. If r.otfor sale In your
town , write ror catalogue to -
A. J. TOWER. Boston. Mass.
Good Garden
la a pleasure xnrtji prpflt _ _ Gregory's secJ i "i ! : il 1-
ls u rijiht ucff.nntng Gio.orj'is Sce.1 insirtin
tnost successful en ling. Ot tlie book now ; it' . , fri-o.
JHR. J. M. Gregory & Son lurb ! . * licu ! , tJasi.
JOHN TT.HIGSRJS ,
, 'Successfully Prosecutes Claims.
Late Principal Bsdmlner U.S. Pension Buroau.
I 3yiaiacivllwar 15 diijudicatmi claims , attj-siu
WI1ISN TTRIT1NG TO
plenso Buy you sa\r tlio uUvertisenjenS
in this paper.
iimiiiimiiiiiiiinM ! ! ! > ! u'Mi'iillimiliutmm ; ' ! ' ! ! ! ,
ti.H > . . . . | ' ' . ! | | - . . ! ! ! ! . . ' ! . _ . il. Eor Infants and Children.
m
' ' . ' . . ' . . - . . .
'iii'iiiMi'iiifi.-ii'iiiiiiiii.fiiMi"iii'-'i.'V " ' ' -i'mrr.- } ; >
slflulatirig theToodandEeguIa- w
ting lhaS tnmnrhs aiuLBowels of
r
Promotes "DigeslioivCkeTful-
uessandRsst.Contalns neither
OpiumiMorphine nor Mineral.
NAR c o T-IC .
Scfel
Aperfcci" Remedy forConsiipa-
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