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About Western news-Democrat. (Valentine, Neb.) 1898-1900 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 26, 1899)
I-ntcherlnsr UO ; H. HuJchoring hogs has many disagroe- Jible fealuros , but some of those , par ticularly the lifting of the hogs before mid after dressing , can be roubed of 111:1113' of their objections by having a convenient arrangement for scalding , scraping , cleaning and hanging. One ftiTangement for lightening labor in this way is shown in the accompanying illustration. The farm sled can ba used ns list ; scraping platform b. The scald ing vat a may be. osy large barrel which Avill hold walor. Securely block iind brace il so that it Avill not be dis- placOd in put Ling the hog iu and taking ii oul. In the iron kettle , c , the Avatcr is heated. The hog is killed and drawn along the side of Ihe scraping platform opposite the iron kettle. Instead of lifting the carcass onto the platform by band , make use of the pivotal lever at tached to the post d. Place a. chain jihoul Ihe hind leg of the hog. hook Hit fOiort end of the lever into this chain and the hog is lifted easily. The post d } * equally distant from the platform b ynd posts g , b and f. After the hogs have been scalded and nil tiie hair removed put in the gani- brels and with the lever lift them from ihe scraping platform and swing them around HO they can be hung upon the crossbars in pcsls g. b and f. A lot of heavy lifting is thus avoided. The Crossbars can be made so that they Aviil tin 11 around on a pivot in the direction KUTClIEKKfO ARHAXOEMKNT. of the arroAVS. This is accomplished by boring a I1/- : inch hole in the top of th ' post 1'se for crowbars 4 by1 oak properly narrowed at the outer ends. Cross these on top of the posts , bore a I1- inch hole in the middle of the iuler- j-eotion and secure Ihem in place by means of an iron pin Avhie.li just fits into the l1/ inch hole in the crosspieces and the post. Fasten ihe cross arm.i losjpiher and a first-class , cheap piA-- ot-il arrangement for hanging hogs is the result. With Ihis device and the lover there is absolutely no necessity fur hcaA-y lifting. American Agricul turist , A Ftitch in Time. The weekly mending is ahYMys so much of a bore that iho happy thought of applying Ihe old adage , "a slitch in lime. " io this dreaded task has set mo \\ondorinjr AA'hy 1 have alloAved myself to by troubled so long. Upon my dress- ins ; table I keep in a little tray a needle , i bread and some darning cotton. Every niuht when I remove my stockings I look them over a glance sndices and I Iind ihe little holes that begin io come Aasily easier to mend than Ihe .AMAVII- ing caverns lhat Yvould olhenvise bo a AY ailing mo on Tuesday. And so it is AY ilh other things. Serving on a buttcn or catching together a tiny rip hero and there tstkes scarcely a minute , but the sum total of those rips and buttons Y\ould make a largo inroad upon ono precious Aveek day morning othorYvise. Perhaps this scheme Avill not commend itself to mothers. Certainly a half- dozen pairs of slot-kings , big and little , could not bo mended every morning before breakfast , but it is admirable : in the still economy of a bachelor girl's domain , and ought to Iu followed by many of the girls Avho believe in the old Remington saying. "To save time s is to lengthen life. " M. I. McXeal. in Orange Judd Farmer. Value of Buttermilk. l' 3uUcrmilk possesos many valuable qualities not generally recognized by sfarnu-rs and dairymen. Some recent < * niodioal tests have proven that as an ajieni of digestion buttermilk has no superior on the farm. Ir is of great value in typhoid fever and. being a lax ative , is excellent for habitual consti pation. As a remedial agent in kidney troubles it posseses good features , and ii in cases of gastric ulcer and cancer of ihe stomach it can be retained Avhen AY no other food Avill remain. Those facts oiitrht to be kept in mind and the niedi- fl H-I ! virtues of buttermilk utilized in re gaining health and keeping the body 01 impervious to disease. Farm and 01b' 3'airyman. b' Scab on Applet and Pears. The Ontario Experiment Station re in ported a number of years ago lhat for the prevention of seal ) on apples and 0 pears it is necessary to spray IAVO years in succession io secure satisfactory ro- ni ults. The first year's spraying often appears to be of comparatively little lo benefit in combating ibis disease. Confirmation in firmation of this conclusion is found ibis year in reports from Michigan , wlrt'ro it is said that there is much scab in ibis year , except in orchards Avhich cl were sprayed last year. Chicken Cholera. iz It is hardly Avorth Avhile io doctor jiens for this falal disease , and the en- ct < > rjry of the oAvner should be devoted 1o preventing its spread. Let him sep at arate ihe sick hens , and then make up liis mind to root up Ihe germs of the al ala disease from the premises by thorough a Cleaning and disinfecting. The surface of Hu ; hciij.-liii fatiuilid tten raped .lli-l burucd. Every pan of Ih ' floor , rees : and nests should be serap-d perfectl/ clean , and tben d'sinftcted wiI ; . : , ; jq- uid made of one pint of o.-irluuio : ; cid JD fifty qr.aiLs of water. Hx > ) * ' : 1 evoi : are not able. lo sivc : encu. li of ih : > \ If tims of eho'er.i to pi.v for tl.ic'nni'g. but anyone tan chock i-s spread by thorough measures. .Ma sa--t s.'iir ; Ploughman. The favor in which Kentucky sa bred horses are. iovr held in I'uHi. . - ? ! , consequent upon repeated viclorii's in the show rings , will str.vly oneonivjr oven - 'O.SCM' attention in the lreoIij : districts Jo the prodr.crion of high elis- : hor.ses. The fact thai the. Ersst prefers n Yvalk-trol--anler horse to one that has all fit ; accomplishments is in favor oi the breeder and trainer , as it is much less work to finish the horse of the lesser education. Type , weight carry ing and Mood and saddle horse in Hiinols ami intelligence are wii.-it is M anted , am' the breed of saddle h : > rsoj- chiefly fostrivd in Kentucky nu < l M' sotiri is abundantly able to furnish a * these roqr.iremt-nls. Action should not be overlooked -not the action of n h'gh stepper , but clean , true , attractive and balanced fore and aft. From action that comes from the shoulder is do mandcd. while the hocks should follov. promptly. Of all horsis a saddle horse needs a leg always under him. There- is a bright future for'breeders of the saddle horse.- Breeder * ' 'lax/-lto. ' To Make Fhoe * l it. . A new wrinkle may In1 learned from an English soldier , who was noted for keeping his boots in bettor condition and making them last longer than any of his brother officers. When asked what he did io them to prevent the leather from cracking and keping it soft and .smooth , his reply was : "Mutton bone. " When an explanation was demanded he said : "It is uothi'i/r. I : issro you. My man asks the cook for a knuckle bone , which he clonus and then bakes. After rubbing the leather with cream he then frotles them as hard ns he can v.'ith the bone. Usually my boots las. ' uie three years. " Economy of Hornless Co\vs. When ii comes to putting up cows for winter , the cow lhat has no horns will be found lo take much less room than her neighbor who is templed to and generally does hook and light all those near her. In the stable * , of course , each stall will accommodate its cow , horns or no horns. But horned cattle are often kept in stables on bright , pleasant , winter days , to keep them from hooking one another , when they would be much healthier if al lowed to run in a small yard. Most barnyards are made much larger than would be necessary if all horns Averc removed. Improved Incubator House. The. cut shoAVs a plan for obviating the inconvenience of rising tempera- lure in the incubator house when the sun is shining , especially late in the spring" or in the summer. Then it isT diJiicult to keep a uniform heat in the machines , as the house becomes over- boated from the effect of the sun upon Douni > i-Kooi' ' ixciruATOi : uousi : . the roof. A simple AA'ay out of the dim'- tlel onlty is io put on an additional roof , leaving an air space botAveen the two. IfT The inner roof can be covered with cheap boards and roofing paper , with lath battens. Tim outer roof should be hisi shingled , as a black roof absorbs the sih heat readihv Now England ironic- slead. ' Salt for Lawns. "Wherever lawns are highly manured , us ; most AY'oll-kept ISIYVUS are apt to bo , a dressing of salt sometime during the ; aAA Yvintor Avill greatly benefit Ihem. Salt in small quantities , as it must be used iiAY Yvhen applied io land , is one of ihe best , soh-onts < knoYvn. Wo arc so used lo pulling salt in ex Ira amounts to hard en and pick A'ogetables that YY'O are apt It forgot that in A'ory small amounts it rots them. Salt is especially valuable U release mineral fertilizers that have Ub become inert in the soil. Dairy Tomler * ; . If the butler is mottled work it a lit- llo after salting. If the bnltor is too soft feed Ihe COAV some polaloos. Stringy milk can be cured by keep ing the COAVS clean. Wash all the milk vessels Avith cold Avalor before scalding. WhitOYvashed stables mean fcAver Hies and more milk. Crosses arc usually belter for farm ers than pure breeds. WhenoA'erpossible test the COYV'S milk before ' buying her. A COAV that lests below 3 per cent , is not Avorth keeping. COYVS and horses should not bo ailoAv- d in the same pasture. Richer food does not mean richer milk ; it means more milk. Many dairymen like an ounce of salt the pound of butter. Do not Yvot your hands Avhen milk ing : if you do you ilaY'or the milk. You Avaste 25 per cent , of your butter summer by not using a separator. , ' Adding hot water to cream while c-hurning is Ihe Avorst of all practices. Healing milk lo 100 degrees Pasteur izes it. Stir it continually while hot. is When butter is poor don't blame ihe OAA * . Blame your OAVH AY-ant of skill. If the butter lakes lee long to come idd one lo IYVO fresh COAVS lo the dairy. ni "Warm milk from the COYV does not . ibsorb odors. While cooling keep it in pure atmosphere. Illinois Dairy Re- lort. - - > a THE FARM AND HOME. MATTERSOFINTERESTTOFARM- ER AND HOUSEWIFE. Ideas in Reservoir and Fish Pond Biiildine The Apple Tree Silk Moth A Fhortajrc in the World's Wheat Supply Not Probable. In the following there may be some new ideas in reservoir and fish pond building : For pond , mark off space fifty feet wide and as long as you want pond ; remove all woods and trash. ( If ground is in sod , turn over light sod and remove it. ) Plow'this strip deep , harrow and pack : make bank eighteen feet wide at. bottom and 12 feet high by scraping dirt on Die prepared strip , sloping gradually - ually on outside ; the in , or water side slope , o feet in G and then round up to 7i . IL > making bank , every evening wet all .lirt placed on bank that day by means of hose attached to wooden tank at win-Jmill. Tlie team tramping over this the next day pack it solid so it will not leak water. The grade on inside will lave to be made by hand ; drawl' dirt < D edge wilh hoe or shovel , then tamp solid by hand. After banks are completed wet entire inside of pond and tamp both sides and bottom. I would use .a Avooden beetle for this , one AVith o or G-inch face. It would be better to cement the bottom and sides tip about three or four feet , but do not cement above frost line. The whole secret of building a dirt reservoir is the packing or puddling the dirt after the banks are mftde , and if the dirt used in banks is very sandy or gravelly , you will have to use a layer of four or five inches of clay or black soil , mixed Avith short manure , lo puddle the inside one-third u-anure , two-thirds dirt or clay. Make banks of reservoir same way , only make bottom 20 feet wide and slope from both sides alike to top of 7 feet. When completed fence and wet thor oughly. Now , turn iu twenty-five or " thirty" head of catllc and horses , as many as you have available , and driA'e hem around. They Aviil do the pud- riling batter than you did the fish pond , but you could not use them there on ac count of uarroAV bottom and slope banks. * Repeat this puddling three or four times. The bank betAveeu pond and reservoir should be 12 feet across .it top. All banks should be at least 18 inches higher , when settled , than Irish-water lino. Stock Farm Journal. The App'.e Tree Silk Moth. The attention of orchardists is fre quently called during the winter to co coons on apple and other tYvigs. The chances are lhat these are Ihe cocoons of the apple tree silk moth. In many Df the Middle and Western States these cocoons are very common about the edges of Yvoods and sAvamps. The lar vae feed upon a great A-ariely of Avild and cultivated trees and shrubs. The moth comes forth from the cocoon in early summer , often measuring & inches across the expanded wings. The ground color of the wings is a grizzled iUisky brown , Avilh the hind margins ? lay colored ; near the middle of each of ' the' wings there is an opaque , kidney- shaped , dull rod spot , having a Yvhitc center and a narroYV black edging , and beyond the spot a wavy reddish baud bordered with AVhile. The fore wings , aexl lo Ihe shoulders , are dull red Yvith a. curved Avhite band , and near Ihe tips jf the same is an eye-like black spot within a bluish Yvhite crescent. The moths lay the eggs on the trees : -hoson , a single moth often depositing many hundred eggs , from Avhich hatch , m about a Yvook , minute spiny caterpil- 'ars ' that at once begin to devour the surrounding foliage. From lime lo time they shod their skins , or molt. They ire } very voracious , as Avonld be ex- icetcd from the great size they attain , being , Avhen full groAvn , more than 'hree inches long and thicker than a man's Ihumb. The body is covered Avilh numerous spiny luborculos of yellow or 3f a coral-red hue. Two or throe of hese fnll-groYvn larvae will strip a j-oung apple iroe of foliage in a very short time. Orange Jiuld Farmer. Yield of AVJical. Despite the enormous crops of Avheat annually produced and low prices dur ing some years , some political econo- inisls are of the opinion that in a dec ade more there Yvill bo a shortage of the world's supply , as nearly all the aYMil-j j able whe.-'t land is ISOYV utiiizod. There j are. ! u > wc\rr. enormous crops of corn , oals and rye .urown. and more land may . bo brought into service. Indeed , in the matter ofvheat. . one fact has been overlooked , \viiich is ihr possibility of l larger yields per acre. The average yield of Yvhent per aero in this ooiin- try is about thirteen br.-hels , yet tYvico ( as many bushels per acre can be ir/own as an average. There are fields of wheii. : iiinler a high stem of oultiYM- . iSr.n , which produce fifty bushels per j acre , and as lonj ; as the land < -nn be 5m- j provd ihe yield may be increased ae- ciir.li2i.nly. The cost of production is I > o- iig : reduced rvi-ry year , and the science of agriculture is receiving more atten tion 0:1 : the part of farmers. Should i there 1-e a sirair ! ; ' < : f wheat fur one j ' i sass > : i it would ret : 1:1 fanner.- ; re-j ! sortipg to every kiunvn me/hod } to st-j ! ' cr.re ' .nriTrr rroj's. as iii.vher prici-a- \\U'\ j \ sihisri.sro tlieni u > tin so. i Ice in V sitersv ; T--oii-.vh' . i ; Whaiever stock i > waiered from j 'rotisihs in ce.lslveiriier. . there should I ! \ be : : < : hu ; lixesl : : l ibe lower end of Ihyj ! j irui'i ; ! ' . . so ; : ! u-i5i its icinoval all tiit ! ; water can be drawn oil' every nhrln. It j i t f.-r Ijot.'ci * . ! : ov.vv-r. tovaror scck ; i i j in v ius-r ii is.nnJs where she K-e Avill . c. . i * T * 1 * * tjje f-t si So ; * ihii 'ins ' fornrlover' ; ; j li ! , ii .iie .vuif { il ' : irf.- . Tie : warer"j r.i'Jit i ili - ! rA > 5isJi ld { p P"d : : s kept j ' J watering trough is allowed to fill with ice , it will keep the water very near the ; freezing temperature. A running brook ! where the ice may not freeze at all lias | : water much colder than it is under the ice in a pond. Transplanting Yoimtr Forest Treca. All the kinds of forest trees that are most used as ornaments are groYvn by nurserymen , and they are so much preferable - ! erable to those taken from the forest ' j ' that it is cheaper to buy nursery trees than to take the latter Yvithout cost. The cultivation iu the nursery develops a great many small roots near the trunk , and Yvhich can easily be removed Yvhen the tree is dug. In the forest the trees so crowd each other that they spire upward with few branches , while Ihe j roots not cheeked at all by cnltiva- . lion run so far that all the feeding roots aie destroyed when the tree is taken up. So well is this understood that it is j ( usual to cut off all the branches from \ i ; a young tree transplanted from the for- \ ! est. In most cases dormant buds will ; start from these bare poles during the j first summer , and if a number of them i j live this forms the beginning of the fu- j ture top groYvth. Where Irees are proSe cured from Ihe nursery Ihe branches j should be thinned out , and those that j are retained should be shortened. The tree ' Avill almost certainly live , and will be an ornament instead of disfigure ment the first year or two after it has been set. In many cases the tree from the forest , set as a bare pole , puts out a feAV shoots Avhich cannot get sap enough to continue life through the sea11 son. : Nutritioii3ncss of Buckwheat. Buckwheat pancakes are said bj those who work hard in the-open air to maintain strength for a longer time than any kind of bread or other cereal food. This Is probably because th e pan cake is somewhat harder to digest , be cause it is not chewed so well and therefore is not so porous in the stem ach. Everybody knows that buckwheat cakes are palatable. The discovery that they are also one of the best foods to put into the stomach in cold weather make them more popular. But the buckwheat flour is too heating when the weather turns warm. Fattening Sheep. W. A. Henderson , an extensive and successful grower and feeder of sheep , AVaseca County , Minn. , feeds and fat tens sheep in large quantities for the early spring marker. Ho lets his sheep run. to straw and hay stacks as they will. The grain fed is made up of shelled corn , oats and screenings , one bushel of the first , a peck of oats and half a bushel of the last. This he keeps before the sheep all the lime ; they will not eat more than is good for them , and fatten very rapidly. 'Farm ' Notes , The Massachusetts experiment sta lion , after very thorough tests of insec ticides and fungicides , only recom mends bordeaux mixture for fungus diseases , paris green for biting insects , kerosene emulsion for sap suckers , soap , salt and sulphur washes for scales , and pyre'thriiie or insect powder and white hellebore for certain condi- tious. Tut the young ro.ses that have just rooted into a cellar where the frost will not reach them , but do not keep them too warm. If started very early in the spring in the house and set out in the open air after frost has passed , they Yvill make rapid gytnvth and bloom dur ing the summer. Old rose bushes may be cut back after the ground is cold , and protected with straAv or old bags. Xut groYviug is profitable , but it re quires years to bring a nut tree to a stage of groAVth Yvhero it Yvill pay well , hence only young farmers are induced to devote land in that direction. AVal- nnts , chestnuts and butternuts Avould improve Avith cultivation. In a feAV years AYMlnut trees Avill be so scarce that the farmer Yvho has a groA-e will secure his OYVH price therefor , the tim ber being valuable. The cost of Yvceds to the farmer in a a community is enormous compared Avith certain other expenses. Woods rob Ihe soil and entail labor from spring u-util fall. If the farmers in each community would unite and determinedly fight Yvcods for three years , not alloYving a single one to groYV if possible , they YY-ouId Ihen find their expenses greally reduced oYving to the cost of produc- lion t of Yveods and their destruction bo- I ing removed. Milk is the best food for all young animals , but as the young animal that is j fed on milk grouvs rapidly its de mands for a larger quantity at each of meal } increases. There arrives a period Yvhon the animal can not drink enough for { its support unless supplied fre quently , as milk contains about SS per cent , of water. If bran and linseed meal are gradually added to the milk a < Use animal advances in growth , its ( wants Yvill be fully supplied , Some of the export pickers of poultry can lake the feathers off a fowl so quickly as to astonish ono who do 's not multrst.-.nd the operation. It is done by dipping each oarcar-s in cold water and afloAving it to drip. Finely pulver- IziMl rosin H then dusted over and among Ihe feathers , which causes the . feather.- stick to tlu- hands , even the pli feather- : coming out with bui little difiicuJiy. I'SLthe 0011111:01 : crr.de ru in. ' ! : : ! iilf a lea poonfiil for each fowl. in There are not many farmers who Yvould bo willing io spread forty or fifty ; loads of siauli- manure over the apple i orchard , yt if : iiey would tlo so they v.-tMii'l iind out that apples are profitable as the manure Yvould increase - It crease the yieldfinprdvo - * la- quality p : : ml niake'iiieu ; n t.re salable uijTinrk'tii : . to if thehar.urc Isj'iun olHarijahio a J'e'r- 1 cor.sistiugj of -i\hr ( pb'.mds uone of nieTil. ' 00 pnr.'iuh ? s ; lpljfo of potash w Increased Value of Farms Near Cities. Why is it that as YYO approach a large city or approach a good turnpike , the farms ahvaj's seem to be in a more prosperous condition ? The buildings are betler , ihe fields are apparently m fruitful , and everything about IL farm looks like it is in a highly prosperous condition. My answer to this question is that it is due to the in creased profit upon the farm. The cost of marketing the farm products is re duced , and just as these costs are re duced , the profits of the farm are in creased. If the roads are good the farmer Yvith his tAvo-horse AY'agon can deliver at least a ton of hay or grain at about one-fourth the cost of Avhat it Avould be were the roads bad and he couM only haul half a ton or less. If the ! roads are good he can haul large loads and make more frequent trips. For example : If a farmer over a rough road can haul Avith a tYvo-horse team reh half : a ton of grain to the market in town , and make IYY'O trips a day , it would cost him , say $4 a ton to deliY'or his products to the market. If by im proving the roads he can deliA'er a ton al each load , he would at the same rate ald deliver ( two tons per day , which Yvould cost him $2 a ton instead of $4 as bo- fore. But if the roads arc in such condition fcdi dition that he can haul a ton at each load instead of half a Ion , Ihe probabil ity . is that the same team will walk it.m more rapidly , and instead of delivering IYVO loads , he Avill be able to deliver t11 three : or four loads in a day , thereby still further reducing the cost of deliY'- cring his farm products to the market from $4 down to a dollar or less per Ion. The saving upon leu tons of farm toPI produce YY'ould therefore be from tAven- ty to thirty dollars ; yet AVC have farm ers who complain that good roads are unnecessary ] and that money expended in improving the roads of the com munity is largely AY'asted. Without knoAviug it , every community having good < roads bears silent and indisputa ble evidence of their effect upon the agricultural prosperity of Ihe community ajra munity Avhere Ihey exist. Agricultural raE Epitomist. Proper Jfond Rcpairinsr. Road-Inspector Thomas Malley , of Morris County , XCAV Jersey , says that ' the scheme of pouring screenings on a road to repair it is very expensive and utterly AA'orthless. The first hard rain carries away the screenings , or they grind up and are blown aYY'ay in the first dry spell. Experience shows that until a road needs three-quarter Inch stone it needs nothing. AVith Ihis size stone as a basis , a little binder and screenings , all Yvell rolled , Yvill make the road as good as new. " Carry IVIicli Larger Loads. The Long Island farmers carry more Ihan } ] double loads lo the New York market since the main roads on the isl and were macadamized. Pick Up the JLoose Stones. Remove loose stones from the high ways. In many States the huv express ly requires road overseers-to do it. At an Antiquarian Banquet. This unique and select feaot , says Harper's Bazar , YAMS given more Hum twenty years ago at Brussels , by a resident of that city , himself an anti quarian. Only six guests Avcre invited , one of lhem an American , from Avhom , as then published , is derived this brief account. So dainty a bill-of-fare can never be repeated. There YY'crc apples groYvn more than eighteen hundred years ago , and for this modern enter tainment taken from an earthen jar res cued from Ihe ruins of Pompeii. Bread was offered made from wheat found in chamber of one of the pyramids , and raised before the children of Israel passed through the Rod Sea : butter , churned when Queen Bess occupied England's throne-chair , was taken from an earthen crock found on a stone shelf , where for centuries it had been preserved in icy \YMter in one of the wonderful tlcep Avells of Scotland ; and Yviue , "long mellowing through the apse of years' ' in : i secret Y'atilt in the city of Corinth , as far back , so it Yvas affirmed , as the fifteenth century. At this unparalleled array of dainties each guest had a bit of bread , a sip of wine , butter as much as desired , and thf jai-of canned apples YVIS freely circu lated. Paris nn I : piV nahc ! City. A well-informed military writer , a me'mber of the general staff of the Jerman army , has given it as his opin ion lhat a successful siege of Paris Yvould be. under present conditions , an impossible undertaking. The now for- tifioatioii that surround the French capital -fro some fifteen or twenty mil ? s from the city and are connected wih ; Paris and with each other by a rail- Yvay system Avhich would enable the French commander so quickly mass at oue point a very large body of nitn. uhile the geneial of the besieging army , if he wished to prevent the city i'ron obtaining supplies and thus shut the people and the army lhat YY--SS del'enlug : it. would have to occupy a line e.\iendng ; over K.'O mile and hcnoo could not by , any possibility collect a lai'SCe number of-his force at any one point" io re.-is-fan at tad ; of the enemy. required a ( lOrni.in army of. ap- . . - ' . < .OOMiH'ii pro.\iiiiSeIy.-n'.iO : , to lay siege Paris from Sept. i : > . 1870 , to Jqu..39 , 1871 , jbut tin ? anihoriiy. j.vo . refor'to is the opini&i ih.'H to repeat ihe "same army I I dliug Its parts would be something j which few governments would care to | undertake , and feYv military command- era would be able to efficiently per form. Besides , these great outlying forti fications would give to tiie people of Paris , if their city AYMS again besieged , opportunity to obtain many of the smaller supplies of life from the sub urban districts. The French have spent upon these new fortifications an amount variously estimated nt from 530.000.COO to ? r 0COJ,000 and lionet can well afford to sell the laud occupied by some of the HOYV obsolete fortifications of a generation ago. Boston Herald. BUGLE CALL UNITES KRIEND3. Novel 3-lspedicnt of a Tar to Find a Mate's House. Wai worth YYMS Yvitness on Christ man eve of a striking instance of nautical ingenuity and fraternity. A sailor from her majesty's ship Ganges arrived in one of the side streets of the district mentioned in search of a shipmate pass ing a brief holiday Yvith * his parents. Yvho lived somewhere thereabout , but whose address he had lost. lie asked policemen and postmen and shopkeep ers if they kneYV where a sailor boy from her majesty's fleet lived , but none of them Avere able to give the desired in formation , and the dwellers in private houses , whom he summoned by knocks at the door , Avore equally devoid of knoYvledge on the subject. The gallant tar YYMS slightly nonplussed at so many rebuffs , but at length he met a man Yvith a barrow soiling paper decorations for Christmas. These haYvkers ahyayn carry Yvith them a long moJal Irumpec through which to announce their wares to the community. The sailor gave the man a pennj * for the use of the instru ment for one minute , and then sounded Avith all his force Ihe Gauges' "dinner call , " adding : "If lhat doesn't bring out Jack , then he ain't in this locality that's all. " Sure enough , in less than half a min ute a window Avas raised fifty yards further doYvu the street , a nautical look ing head showed itself at the aperture ; and from strong , healthy lungs camui the cheering response : ' 'Ship ahoy ! Full speed ahead , and here you are. Why , the grog's been aAYMitin' for you the last half hour ! " Thus the two found each other through a bugle call on a tin trumpet and spent a joily holiday togelher. London Telegraph. Yankee Jn/jemiity'Ditl If. Only a feYv years ago practically all the canned peas consumed in this conn- try were imported from France , the famous petit pois. At that time it Avaa deemed impossible to produce the re quired quality in this country , consum ers desiring firm , even bright green , goods , and though sulphate of copper YYMS used in securing that color it madw comparatively little difference Yvith tha Irade. American packers , hoYvever. ex perimented Yvith the object of produc ing a pea the equal of the French arti cle , and IIOYV Avell they succeeded ia now an old story. Starting Yvith good seed , and under careful cultivation , the American pea HOAV equals the imported product of Franco , and our packers have built up an industry Yvhich has become an important feature of the great canned goods trade of the coun try. The careful selection of seed has resulted in \aricty having all the de sirable qualities of the French product and requiring the addition of no color ing substances to make them attrac tive. American canned peas stand on their merits. Wisconsin and New York are the leading pea-packing Slates , al though others are rapidly developing the industry. The Sta ; o in Sliakspcnre's Time. John Chnrton C'ollins. the distill- guishedessayist and Quarter - RovioYV- er , has been lecturing on the th'-afer o Shakspoaro's time. Tin' typical theater then Avas of Yvood. circular or hexagon al in form , being modeled externally on the general structure of the old amphi theater for bull and iir i baiMng. Tim interior AYMS fashioned after the man ner of an inn yard. The pit YAMS scorch ed bA' Ihe sun , YY'hile. iho actors YY'orc protected by a thatched penthouse. The scenery YYMS supplied by the imagina tion of the audience , but AY'liat ww : lacking in scenery YVJJS made up iu noise and busre. ! things being kept. A'ory lively in that dir"ciioii. The mosc numerous class amonir the audience were roistering apprentice . On the < ? tajro and in other parts AY-ete fashionable dandies. SYv.-ishbucklers , writers and actors. These , it is inter esting to knoYv. ahvny < had a free pass. The play lasted IYY'O hours on an aver age , and. considering the noise and the. smells which accompanied the perform ance , one Yvas. Mr. Collins presumed , not sorry Yvhen "the ar-tors dropped oy their knees to pray for the queen. " America's Oldest Kongo. The oldest house in America is in St. Augustine. Fii. In l"jJ4 ( it YVS bv.ilc by the monks of the Order of St. Francis , and the whole of the. solid structure is composed of eoqnina. : i ce-mbination of sea shells and mortar. Yvhich is almost indestructible. When Francis Drake sacked and burned tlm town this was the only hou c left in the trail of destruction. It has befit purchased by theAvellknown anti- , quariau , J. W. Henderson.vho Yvilj' make it hi- ; winter residence. Bible Translations. * .During the reign of the Queen tha. British and Foreign Bible Society has' issued UK ; noYV translations of th Bible , or of portions of it , and bonmi- copii > of these have found a place in the library ofViud > or Castle as a gift to the sovereign and as a memento oftfr th ; > diamond jubHea of last year. Wo seldom criticise the extravagance of others when YVO are invited to par- * ' take therect. ? : fJf ? Vj r
