i I II - T THE CONSUMER PAYS Pass it on to the consumer That is the rule with reference to tariff taxes It is the rule also as far as this can be made so with reference to extraordin ary taxes imposed for the purpose of the war Somebody else must pay It is required in the law that not only car riers shall stamp a bill of lading but that they shall see that it is stamped and canceled Shippers expected for a time that railroads would take the bur den on themselves but they do not pro pose to do so They prefer to have the shipper pay Some compromise may re sult but the prospect is in this case as in all cases that the burden will be placed on the shoulders of the ultimate person Congress requires that sugar and oil refiners doing a business of over 3250CC0 shall be taxed annually of 1 per centum on the gross amount on all receipts in excess of 20000 but these companies will not pay the tax except In a formal way They will as they an readily do increase the price of their products The consumer must pay So as to the beer tax The brew er must settle with the Government but he has raised the price of beer to the retailer who will probably not raise the price to the consumer but will save himself by giving the cus tomer more froth and less substance Compmies having parlor cars or sleep ers are required to pay a cent on each seat or berth sold and themselves affix to the ticket the stamp representing the payment of the tax It will be diffi cult for these companies to pass on tihis tax inasmuch as their charge is now large and they cannot very well in crease certainly they cannot do so without the liveliest sort of protest upon the part of the traveling public but to the inculcation of State legisla tion limiting their charge For the rest it will he the old story the con sumer will pay Pacific Railway Commission An exceedingly objectionable meas ure is that which proposes to take the settlement of the Pacific Railroad debt to the Government out of Congress and to place it in th hands of an adminis tration committee The measure in question proposes to make the Secre tary of the Treasury the Secretary of the Interior and the Attorney General a commission with power to settle the indebtedness of the Government grow ing out of ih issue of bonds in aid of the construction of the Central and WeWv rn Pacific Railroads Representative Mnguire of Califor nia in an interview had at Washing ton says My objection to this meas ure is that no limit is made to their power exciit as to a quesiion of time and interest It cvnres an patindy new relation ship Ihwiv Government and the company c J srltuting an innovation or new cont - bidoning th right of the Gov riVt to pursae the di verted a--- vi the company which the Kilway Commission found tohi onoai d to more than 70CO0 K with a reasonable probability rhat they amounted to a much larger sum It provides for a special assessment of claims of Lhe Government with its rich and power debtors of he Govern mcr Ir v pt rs a period of lobbying and manipulation on the part of the company to secure terms from the next Congress or a future one similar to those- whii h it and the other railroad companies have been seeking for the last five years It is objectionable from almost ev ery point of view All that can be said in favor of it is that it is nor nearly so liad as those which were beaten in the last two Congresses But it is bad enough and its passage gives no guar anty either thn its terms will be car ried out or hn during the pericl of suspension th 1 Governments rights against cue company which it involves It may not be used to secure a further extension ard waiver of the Govern ments riirhis Victories for Silver With lapau heartily sick of the gold standard and with the English gold raonometallists urging the opening of the India mints to the free coinage of silver the foreign outlook for the silver cause is cheering But certain trausac tions at home are worthy of considera tion In the first place the authoriza tion of 400000000 of Government bonds contains no taint of gold legisla tion The bonds are coin bonds in spite of the desperate attempts of the reformers who strove to place this country more firmly on the gold basis shortly after the inauguration of Mc Ivinley But in addition to this import ant fact it must be noted that the bill for the seigniorage was passed by both houses of Congress and that gold advo cates were forced to vote for the meas ure When it is remembered that the monetary reformers are the authors of the statement that to coin the seign iorage was to coin a vacuum the ex tent of the silver victory may be more readily estimated Now the administra tion organs are satisfied to let the money question in Congress go over until the next session And when that session meets they may be still more anxious to postpone the day of discussion The fact is the people of the United States are becoming more enlightened on this important question and the Republi cans see defeat in further advocacy of gold monometallism on their part Cleveland Not Approved Opposition to the annexation of Ha waii on the part of the Democratic A t - ufA Congressmen has been characterized as approval of Grover Clevelands policy This is a mistaken view of the situa tion and is put forward bj the annexa tion advocates merely for the purpose of darkening counsel Clevelands pur pose was to re establish the monarchy in Hawaii while those Democrats who now oppose annexation hold no such theory As the Atlanta Constitution says To oppose anexation is one thing there are good arguments on both sides but to attempt to restore a monarchy which has been overthrown is another thing Mr Cleveland we believe is the first American official who ever attempted such a game as that All our Presidents have been im pressed by the fact that the Govern ment is pledged by its history and its character to sympathize with if not support the efforts of the people every where who desire to govern themselves Properly understood the American re public is a menace to monarchial in stitutions everywhere Democrats in Congress have sins enough of their own to answer for without being responsible for those of the late President Grover Cleveland Exchange No Politics in This In favoring the building of the Nic araguan Canal this paper wants no con struction company granted a concession to do the work When the task is un dertaken it must be by the Govern ment and when the task is finished it must belong to the Government It should be a great national work cm ploying thousands of American citizens in its constructions and belonging to the United States when it is done There should be no politics in discus sing or in forwarding the Nicaraguan Canal project It is a national enter prise Republican Populist Democrat all sorts and all shades of politcinns should favor this work The nation needs it The nation ought to construct it and once it is constructed it should belong to the nation Democrats of Arkansas and Indiana have approved the canal project by resolution adopted at their State convention Republicans of Ohio have done the same thing But let the work be done directly by the Government Let no corporation in tervene between the Government and the people in the labor of construction Then there will be a unity of purpose and a national triumph worthy of this nation and of its citizens Chicago Dis patch Rich Men in War Timoi The rich American has never failed with purse or sword in any of his coun trys perilous periods His temptations come not in time of war but in peace time inclination to be an ostentatious spendthrift a mere pleasuri hunter or on the orln r hand a misi r a mun y grabber or a coid eyed conservative blocking the way opposing improA i irerts waiting for the labor and enter prise of others to make him rich But this disposition overcomes him in time of peace and not infrequently N meted and fused in time of war Kansas City Star Just Like No combination of capital however vast engineered by abilities howevei great has ever been able to ly carry through a corner of the wheat market except for a very short period on a line of prices beyond thtiir natu ral level Every attempt cf the kind however apparently successful for a time has ended disastrously for these concerned in it That the Leiter disas ter will have any more effect than its long line of predecessors in deterring others from following his example ma well be doubted CbnMTicv the Wenthercvk When he was in Paris our own and only Channeey Depew told the Paris ians the talk about an Anglo America ti aliance was all moonshine and that The only country which America really loved is France In London the peach is advocating an alliance between the two great English speaking nations All of which shows that Dr Depew lias re- termined to he agieable und r any and all circumstances St Louis Republic Trust nle in New Jersv New Jersey is ruled by the corpora tions True to their history the courts there have held that the American To bacco Company may sell its goods to whom it pleases the same as an indi vidual without violating the anti trust law It is well known that the Tobacco Company preserves its monopoly by re fusing to sell goods to retaiers who buy of other manufacturers Buffalo Cou rier Effect of the Tariff It is coming to be understood better each year that Americans are more ir danger of losing foreign markets by restricted tariff policy than that they are saving their own from competition Instances are thickening all the time in proof that the world is moving just ir this way Boston Herald Dangerous Perry Tatettic 1 wonder how one of them fellers that has a steady job am works every day feels Wayworn Watson You better not let your thinker run on them ideas First thing you know you may go wrong Cincinnati Enquirer its an 111 Wind They can say what they please about the horrors of war said Sprocketts but afte all it has its bright side Hows that asked Wheeler McWatters the sprinkling cart driver has enlisted iO - Jiv fcr - STATE OF NEBRASKA NEWS OF THE WEEK FN A CON DENSED FORM Recently Promoted Men to Be Ex amined as to Their Fitness to Hold Commissions in the Nebraska Na tional Guard Other Items Examination for Officers An order has been issued from Adjutant General Barrys office at Lincoln directing that under the requirements of the mili tary code of the state a board of examina tion shall convene at the armory of the Wymore battery for the purpose of exam ining such per ons as may be ordered be fore it as to their fitness to hold ions in the Nebraska National Guard The members of i he board designated are Captain J M Murdock and First Lieu tenant William McKinncy both of battery A The order further directs First Lieu tenant A A Munlofk Second Lieutenant S E Yoiler ot the battery to appear be fore the board of examination The officers to be examined have recently been pro moted RIGHT TO REGULATE EXISTS Judge Cornish Decides Against Tele graph and Express Companies Judge Cornish of the district court at Lincoln lias handed down a decision in the telegraph and express case holding that the law giving the state board of transportation power to regulate the charges of these companies is valid The case came into the district court several mouths ago on the application of the com panies for an order restraining the board Irom enforcing lower rates Judge Cor nish in his decision goes into the history of the case and into the principal featuies of the new law The opinion concludes with the following The questions in volved are not free from doubt The law is as has been stated by the supreme court that legislative enactments ought not to beheld unconstitutional unless they aie clearly so The legislation under consid eration was passed by the legislature un der a subject that lias been agitated in this state more or less for some time Rightly or wrongly the public mind as expressed in this enactment has readied a conclusion that corporations of this na Ime are pioperly under state control that ordinary competition and business methods are not effective to prevent at times arbi trary action on their pare and grievances against which the people may justly com plain The necessity for it may be re gretted but the legal right of the people acting through their representatives is well settled Cost of Free Text Books Superintendent of Public Instruction Jackson recently received from the super intendent of the slate of Michigan a re quest for figures showing the cost of books for the state under the free text book law In accoi dance with this request the fol lowing interesting table of figures haa been compiled 18Jfi Number pupils enrolled 272310 Text books total cost 12154143 Cost per pupil 45 1895 Number of pupils enrolled 274282 Text books total cost 168tit909 Cost per pupil 151 1894 Number pupils enrolled 273C52 Text books total cost 14883fi 0 Cost per pupil 54 83 Number pupils enrolled 251517 Text books total cost 14817500 Cost per pupil 5fi Ctionls Filled with Shot The 4-year-old son of Frank Hushnell of Columbus was buried Friday and Sat urday Hushnell was informed that the grave would be robbed Hushnell and son went to the cemetery and watched About 11 oclock a light spring wagon drove up and they identified the driver as an old man who lives in Columbus He said he had come to cut some grass for feed and was allowed to go on About half an hour later forms were seen in the cemetery making direct for the new grave Hush nell was unable to restrain himself and lei go with two big loads of buckshot The ghouls tied pell mell out of the cem etery Had Hushnell been more cautious and got some help the whole outfit might have been bagged The child died with spinal meningitis This is the fourth time within two years that graves have been tampered with at this point Shot from Ambush Frank ONeil son of J H ONeil of Gordon was shot about sunrise one morn ing last week by some person in ambush with a shot gun loaded with pounded glass and ciockery His right shoulder and right hand were badly shattered and pieces of glass were imbedded in many places in his body He was evidently jJiot at close range as his face is badly powder burned He claims to have seen and recognized his assailant as one Louie Eddy a neighbor with whom the ONeils are not on friendly terms Eddy has Lecu arrested charged wish the shooting New Omaha Scandal Comptroller West berg of Omaha has anJJ nnum ed a sensational discovery In a cosimunicatioa lift sets out that during the years 1803 and 1894 thousands of dollars of taxes were marked paid on the books and not a cent of the money turned into the city treasury An investigation has boon ordered by the council Wcsthcrg says he has recognized the handwriting of the clerk who made the entries The work was done during the administration of Henry Holln as ciy treasurer Hollu is now serving a nineteen year sentence for embezzlement Celebrate Schleys Victor- The people of Fremont had an enthusi astic demonstration in honor of Commo dore Schleys victory at Santiago A salute of forty five guns was fired and a procession of citizens headed by the nor mal school band and a drum corps paraded the streets Across the street were sus pended two large new American and one Cuban flag Kicked by a Horse Dr John H MeConnell of Falls City was found in a barn in that city the other day in an unconscious condition Upon examination it was found that two of his ribs had been broken He entered the barn some time during ihe night before ind was kicked by a horse David City School Census The completed school census of the school district of David City gives 709 as itho u umber of pupils in the district a gain of twenty eight from last years number k i - - f t r Fatally Shot by His Wife George Blackwell a hostler in the em ploy of Dr Gilmore at Omaha has a bul let wound through his right lung indicted by his wife Lottie Blackwell and his wife had a quarrel over a picnic the former attended at a suburban grove and Black well struck his wife after which he left the house Two hours later he returned and the quarrel was resumed At the time of the shooting Blackwell so the woman says had her prostrate on a bed and was choking her She reached under a pillow where she kept a revolver and placing it against his heart fired After the shot Blackwell ran from the room but relumed in a few moments and dropped onto the bed unconscious At the hospital Blackwell said he did not want the woman prosecuted as the shooting was all hi7 fault Shooting Affray at Tcoumseh Mrs Zoe Knight caused another shoot ing affray at Tecumseh July 3 and the vic tim of it will die Zoe has recently turned her affections to V E Worthen a horse trainer and Worthen has reciprocated to the extent that he left his wife and child ren The pair have been out of town to gether a number of days and when they returned Knight the womans husband stiot him with a shot gun over sixty buck shot entering his left side Worthen dodged behind a tree to prevent being giv en a second charge Knight then gave his attention to the woman and threatened her life She delied him and his courage failed The woman then administered to the wants of Worthen while Knight took tiight Knight was caught by the sheriff and a posse when about eight miles from town Raids a Hole-in-the- Wall Osceola citizens are on the alert and are thoroughly organized to rid the town of the bums bootleggers and streetwalkers that have been infesting it lately At the spring election the city voted no license and it was thought that the liquor ques tion was pretty well under control but on the Fourth of July the sheriff and a posse pounced down on a hole-in-the-wall where they found a gang congregated The sheriff seized two crates of beer and tookC A Badgely who seemed to be the one who ran the establishment Mr Badgely pleaded guilty and the judge gave him the lightest sentence he could 100 and costs Mr Badgely had no money and Osceolas jail has one prisoner who will board until the whole line and costs are paid Liquor Question at Humboldt The question of the illegal traffic of liquors in Humboldt has taken on a new phase Deputy United States Marshal A J Keini of Beatrice went to the former city and took away with him Harry Perkins colored who was a short time ago convicted in police court of disposing of liquor without a license and took him to Beatrice to answer to the United States commissioner on a like charge The officer also made a thorough search through the drug store of Wiesner Son but failed to find any evidence of illegal sale of liquor - Street Cars fop Havelock The council of the village of HavelocK has called a special election to decide upou the p opositiotMf the Lincoln Street Car Company io extend Its Tines lo that place The franchise if granted will provide for a 10 cent faro between Lincoln ana Have lock for a period not to exceed ten years after which time a lower rate is to be made It will also provide that the work on the new line be commenced before October 1 and bu finished before April 1 Pioneer Passes Away Stewart MeConiga one of the oldest settlers of the state and the first register of the land office when the state capital was located at Huieoln died at his home in that city aged 71 years Mr MeConiga was bom in West Virginia his parents hav ing been emigrants fiom Scotland He came to Nemaha Oouuly in 1851 md located in Lincoln when the laud office was uatabl shed there Young Man Inwned Walter Fawkes a young man 17 yoirs of age whose parents reside about four miles northeast of ONeill was diouind in the Elkhoru July 4 Deceased could not swim and got into the water over his depth The body was found about an hour after he went under in ten fcef of water Creamery for Duncan Duncan is to have a creamery ttie first meeting looking to a location was held July 9 A voie of the stockholders resulted in forty votes for Duncan nd thirty for another point All the shares are sold and a 4000 plant will be put in at once Farmer Badly Disabled O A Cooper while assisting iu looking after the stowing away of his mammoth hay erop near Humboldt was struck on the right hand by a hay fork and badly disabled Hartley in the Pen Ex State Treasurer J S Bartley hs been turned over to Ihe warden of the pen itentiary at Lincoln Nebraska Short Notes Aurora is figuring on putting in an elec tric light plant Work has been commenced on the To bias telephone system Young grasshoppers in large numbers have appeared in Dawes County Lightning killed twenty steers on the Stewart ranch inrLogau County Applications for 7500 wortji of the new government bonds have been made by resi dents of Ho tkins Tim Folev aged 28 years was drowned at North Bend while in bathing in the Platte River It is presumed he broke bis neek while diving in -hallow water The body was recovered The sixteen sections of land comprising the larger xhare of the old Fort McPher son reservation were opened for entry at Xorth Platte Monday morning By noon iluce fourths of the land was taken Bishop Scannell of Omaha lias notified the trustees of the llavenna Catholic Church that when they have raised the sum of 31400 and invested that sum iu a site able residence property for a priest he will see to it that a resident priest is sent there There is talk of starting a second bank at Creston J M Snyder and wife of Loup City cel ebrated the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage July j and four generations were present The remarkable feature was that not one of the families in these four generations hadsuffered a siugle less by death There are some pretty big grain fields in the vicinity of Gothenburg W F Black has in 930 acrs of small grain H L Wil liams 700 acres J W Hiiest one seetion white J00 more farmers adjacent to the city have from 100 acres to 820 in small grain which promises an immense yield JHOpdif They were talking of the civil war and the older members of the company had compared reminiscences Which side were you on during the war Mrs BV asked the kittenish young girl of the party turning to a pretty little woman who had been born In 02 I was in arms on the Southern side was the quick reply Sir John Sinclair once asked Coch rane Johnstone whether he meant to have a son of his then a little boy taught Latin No said Mr John stone but I meail to do something a great deal better for him What is that said Sir John Why said the other teach him to shave with cold water and without a glass When after a few months in Wash ington a new Senator decided to take a little run home just to see the folks he went back minus about twenty pounds of flesh Why Senator said one ardent constituent you have been losing flesh What can have happen- cycle No hang it replied the Sen ator it was dodgin em that did it This story was told by an intimate of the Ingersoll family Very recently Mrs Ingersoll spent an evening with a friend At about S p m she began to give evidences of fatigue and yawn ed repeatedly and had the greatest dif ficulty in preventing herself from fall ing into a doze Arousing herself with an effort she finally said You really must excuse me but you know dear that I have accompanied the colonel on a recent lecture tour and have in consequence got into the habit of fall ing asleep at about S oclock every evening Which goes to show that no man can be an oratorical hero to his wife During a trip through Ireland a New Yorker one day found himself without his razors which were in a handbag he had left behind at the hotel where he had stopped the day before He ac cordingly told the landlord to send him a barber The landlord was doubtful if there was a man in the village who could serve him but presently sent up a man who expressed his willingness to undertake the job The New Yorker decided to risk a gash or two Well sir said the amateur barber after a little hesitation will you please to lie flown flat onyour back while I shave you sir Thinking it was probably the custom of the country the New Yorker stretched out comfortably and nearly went asleep while the fellow shaved him so light was his touch When he had finished thoXew YorkerJ i rose and said l am curious to Know why you asked me to lie down to be shaved Because sir was his in genuous reply fliever before shaved a live man sir It is often said that Frenchmen lack humor and dread ridicule but M Fran cisque Sarcey has given an example of that humorous good sense which defies mockery At carnival time in Paris it i3 customary to exhibit on the boule vards grotesque effigies of well known public men A modest stranger called on M Sarcey to tell him that his image was to figure in the procession Yery good said Mr Sarcey What can I do for you Well if you would be so kind as lend us some of your verit able garments they would make the likeness all the stronger No doubt responded the critic blandly In that cupboard you will find several hats Oh the veritable hat will not do You see your head I mean the head of the elligy is enormous Tres bien Take a coat then Dressed In the veritable coat the Sarcey dummy was an im mense success It seemed so strange to literary Paris however for a man to aid and abet the caricature of himself that M Sarcey has volunteered an ex planation which is a delicious bit of humor Lamartine he remarks would not have consented to lend his 2oat for such a purpose He was a poet with a sensitive soul So was Vic tor Hugo But what would you We cannot all be Lamartines and Hugos Why should we poor journalists who have no feelings to speak of deny our selves to the populace when we can 2ontrIbute to their harmless amuse ment Besides they may not always think it worth their while to notice us An agreeabde trifler came to me the 5ther day and asked my permission for lhe use of my name in a burlesque I gave it cheerfully This may be the last time said he What do you mean I asked Well you are going out of date and next year you may not be worth a laugh A Story About Nelson A pretty little romance gives Nelsons memory a sentimental interest in Can ada During his service at Quebec in 17S2 when he was but 24 years of age he became infatuated with a beautiful Canadian girl Mary Simpson daugh ter of a great Canadian merchant of the period At the time of Nelsons visit she was but 1G years old mar velously beautiful and witty On Oct 14 17S2 Lord Nelsons ship the Al bemarle was ready to sail and he had a very sad and tender parting with Mary Simpson and went down the St Lawrence to board the man-of-war The next morning arrived and the Al bemarle did not heave anchor and Cap tain Nelson was seen coming back to Quebec in a boat A friend of Nelsons a man prominent in Quebec at the time espied him and asked him what had happened Nelson is quoted as having said I find it absolutely impossible to leave this place without again wait ing upon her whose society has so much added to its charms and laying myself and my fortune as her feeV y Nelsons friend protested against such a rash act and told him that situated as you are at present your titter ruin will inevitably follow Then let It follow replied Nelson earnestly for I am resolved to do it But despltel his intentions the stronger will of lite friend prevailed and he was fairly car ried back to his ship and forced to leaver behind the girl he loved and It wan many years before he gave up the hop of possessing her for Nelson never re turued to Canada and Mary Simpson died in spiusterhood Leslies Weekly THOUGHT IT WAS A SPOOK Pilot on a Kiver Boat Stnna a Ilorso vitll a HFesrnphoue I was on the npier Ohi ths summer when the river was low and wu much amused over the use to which i pilot put a megaphone He bought the thing to call ashore any message that might have been given the boat to cary hij j was to save time for those little boat- in the local trades are a great deal like the old fashioned mail carriers any thing to accommodate the peopl along the bank We were In the pilot house and th boat was running up a chute near the West Virginia side of the river In a cornfield was an old farmer who was following the plow behind an old ilea- ed Did you lose it from riding the hi- i bitten gray that only needed a half iu vitation to stop at any time The pilot put the megaphone to his mouth and shouted Whoa and the old grav whoaed The farmer heard the sound and ho thought evidently that a neighbor was there or thereabout for he looked around to see whence the sound came Then he tossed a clod at the old horsu and started him up Whoa said the pilot and again the old horse stopped Then the old Rube went to the river bank and looked down in the willows but not a soul could he see He looked up and down and then at the steamboat and scratch ed his head in surprise He couldnt afford to waste any time In looking for the ghost for he went back to the plow and started on with his job Once more the joking pilot said whoa and again the horse stopped dead still You could see from the boat that the old fellow was all mixed up for he looked up and down the river and then at the hillside behind him to see if he could find the man who was working him and his old horse Ha made up his mind that he would take it out of the old gray and to fix for the occasion he went to the underbrush and cut a stick that was ten feet long He started the horse with a vengeance When tbepijothollered whoa again the old man gave the gfaya lick that sounded clear to the boat We could almost hear him say - Thar gol darn you Ill teach you to stop when ye hear a spook hollerln at ye - -S - Tfe sse pilot keTrrufJthe good work and hollered whoa whoa and again the old man hit the gray Finally It looked as If he had caught on for he let the old horse stop while he watched the boat Then the pilot thought he had had enough fun and he called out Feed the old gray feed him Hes so hungry that he cant work Thats all the matter with him Then old Rube got his voice and we heard him say You go to thunder with your old voice Itd stop a railroad train anywhere A Chanjje of Ambition Horatius at the bridge and he Who fought at old Thermopylae Great Samson and his potent bone By which the Philistines were slone Small David with his wondrous aim That did for him of giant frame J Caesar in his Gallic scraps That made him lord of other chaps Sweet William called the Conqueror Who made the Briton sick of war King Hal the Fifth who nobly fought And thrashed the foe at Agincourt Old Bonaparte and Washington And Frederick and Wellington Decatur Neteon Fighting Joe And Farragut and Grant and oh A thousand other heroes I Have wished I were in days gone by Can take their laurels from my door For I dont want era any more The truth will out it cant be hid The doughty deed that Dewey did In that far distant Spanish sea Is really good enough for me The grammars bad but O my son I wish Id did what Dewey done Harpers Weekly Spells ol Southern Negroes There are numerous harmless spells which are regular observances in the lives of the average Southern negroes Besides the root chewing the track lifting etc they have a love- philter of frogs legs cooked in stilL water and the ashes of a bat are pow erful enough to keep a rival nr na enemy To make a dog stay at home they cut off the tip of his tail and bury it under the doorstep To make a wife obedient they draw her pictur aad hide it in the shingles Thus waking or sleeping there is a constant forcing or counteracting of destiny phi a Times Startlinc Discovery He See nere wife a hairpin In the soup She Now I know at last -where onr things go to there is a bootjack miss ing too Circulation of Pennies It is estimated that on an average each penny in circulation change hands eleven times a wee