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I 113 JM
T
rrHEstoryof
n I Cuba Is a
Jft X tragedy a
J tragedy so black
that the pages of
history not ex
cepting those up
on which is writ
ten the diabolical
doings of the
Spanish inquisi
tion contain no counterpart It is -a nar
rative which had its beginning in the dis
covery of America it was rooted in Span
ish tyranny transplanted into centuries
treachery and oppression reared in in-
iernicine strife and matured in this re
volting war and its attendant horrors
which have wrested from Cuba the proud
-title Pearl of the Antilles and earned
the name of Isle of Blood
The revolution was organized by Jose
Marti a Cuban exile in this country and
a man of genius and courage He organ
ized here what is called the Cuban Ta
-- - ol uuus
-of Cuban political exiles for the purpose
-of raising money to free their country
Toor as were the majority of the few Cu
bans who lived in the United States be
fore the beginning of the revolution they
listened to the eloquent appeals of Marti
-and gave him all they had on earth to lib
erate Cuba from Spain Marti was ap
pointed delegate of the party and his
4aithful friend Benjamin J Guerra was
made treasurer There was not much
inoney then in the safes of the afterward
famous Junta and their funds were soon
exhausted by an unsuccessful attempt to
-start an expedition from the South But
Marti had obtained the co operation of
Gen Maximo Gomez and Gen Antonio
Maceo two veterans of the last war He
linew that the discontent against Spain
was deep throughout the island He had
important connections with conspirators
-an all the provinces He gave without hes
itation the orders for the uprising and
went to Santo Domingo to join Gen Go
mez and take with him the field
At that grave and decisive moment the
total funds of the patriots amounted to
ot more than 70000 It is wonderful
that with a sum comparatively speaking
o paltry for so great a purpose a war
should have been raised which cost Spain
up to February 1S9S besides the sacrifice
of so many of her soldiers 250000000
-and caused to the United States a net loss
in trade and business of 300000000
On May 19 1893 Marti was killed in
the engagement at Dos Itios but his work
2iad already been done He had landed on
April 11 with Gen Gomez at Sabana la
3ar on the southern coast of Cuba after
issuing at Monte Cristi a revolutionary
manifesto and had had time before his
-death to convoke the representatives of all
the Cuban provinces to a general
io -elect a provisional government and
frame a constitution If this was not
done until later in September of the same
year at the town of Jimaguayu it was
sot the less true that from the first days
of the revolution the desire of Marti as of
all the patriots was to organize a republic
with popular institutions
Two months before Martis death Gen
lAntonio Maceo had landed at Duava near
JBaraooa Santiago de Cuba province
TWith a handful of men and a few rifles
and cartridges a small open boat brought
Jiiin to Cuba from Jamaica But his name
and his presence were enough to make
Spain tremble Ho and his heroic broth
er Jose Maceo were surrounded by su
perior Spanish forces on the day of their
-landing They broke through the Span
ish lines and made their way into the
country In a few days as soon as the
news spread of their arrival the province
of Santiago de Cuba rose in arms and
Antonio Maceo had around him more than
0000 Cuban soldiers
The revolution was saved The few
-patriots who took up arms on Feb 24 at
and Manzanillo had courageously
resisted under Gen Bartolome Maso now
president the attacks of the col
umns of the Spanish -Gen Lachambre as
DEAD W uGOX ON ITS ROUNDS
well as the proposals of peace from the
captain general of the island Don Emilio
Calleja The envoys of the captain gen
eral told Maso that the revolution was a
failure The provinces of Pinar del Rio
jind Havana were entirely quiet A few
unimportant bands in Matanzas and San
la Clara had been dispersed or had cur
rendered Puerto Principe was unani
mously in favor of peace But Maso
tnowiug well how to receive such reports
refused to yield He had confidencein
he landing of Maceo Marti and Gomez
He knew the great moral effect that the
presence of those leaders in the field was
oing to have on the Cuban people and
Kniin fcnpw it also Thp tipwr fhnf Afnon
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Cnnovas then in power resolved tc fight
the revolution with the first of the Spanish
generals and with all tie resources of the
nation Gen Calleja was recalled and
Gen Martinez Campos was sent to Cuba
with 25000 soldiers
Martinez Campos landed in Guantano
ma Santiago de Cuba on April 16 1S95
His first impression was pessimistic and
the long chain of defeats inflicted upon
his command until December of the same
year proved how right he was in believing
from the first day of his arrival that this
war was to be more important than the
previous one of 18G8 He wasted a great
deal of time in useless trips by sea to Ha
vana and again to the East Maceo was
preparing in the meantime his men and
Gomez was formulating the plan of the
great invasion of the West in order to
carry the revolution to all the provinces
and establish in each one a regular body
of the Cuban army
July 13 1895 is the memorable date of
fiohflttle of Peralejo The war had been
unui men cuunntra i t Prriuctf
of Santiago de Cuba with some small
bands of patriots roaming through Puerto
Principe and keeping up only an unimpor
tant guerrilla warfare But Maceo had
already obtained some notable triumphs
and Martinez Campos decided to carry re
enforcements to the Spanish towns in the
interior which were in great danger of at
tack by the insurgents While Martinez
Campos was on the way to Bayamo Ma
ceo offered him battle near Peralejo
The engagement was a pitched battle
and the Cubans not numbering 6000 car
ried the day Gen Stantocildes fell dead
near Gen Martinez Campos The Span
iards lost all their ammunition and their
horses Completely routed a body of
them availing themselves of the darkness
of the evening fled to Bayamo carrying
Martinez Campos on a stretcher borne by
four soldiers He was exhausted by fa
tigue and filled with despair More than
300 Spanish soldiers were left dead on the
field With the splendid booty secured
by him Maceo completed the arming of
his patriots
From April to October Gomez success
fully carried the war through Puerto
Principe province and laid his plans for
the invasion of the west On Oct 22 Ma
ceo having received orders from Gomez
who was appointed commander-in-chief of
4
t
isandti
Valcriano Weyler y Nicolau to succeed
Martinez Campos
The question may be asked why the pat
riots after so many victories did not in
vest the city of Havana and end there
with the Spanish dominion The answer
is very clear After the battle of Coliseo
Gen Gomez reviewed his troops and
found that each soldier had only three
cartridges The Cubans in the United
States were making vain efforts to send a
big expedition to the patriots But if the
Spanish army was defeated in the fields of
Cuba Spanish diplomacy was triumphant
at Washington At Guira de Melena on
Jan 4 1896 the patriots had to fight with
their machetes to enter the province of
Havana For such a state of affairs Gen
Gomez considered his best plan to be to
organize armies in all the provinces invad
ed so far as his resources permitted him
to do and try to raise the war in Pinar
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CUBAS GEOGRAPHICAL RELATION TO
THE UNITED STATES
del Rio province At Garro Jan 8 the
patriots routed a Spanish column and en
tered Pinar del Eio Gen Gomez then
withdrew to the east while Maceo proceed
ed to the west On Jan 17 he obtained
another victory at the very gates of Pinar
del llio city and on Jan 22 he took the
town of Banes at the western extremity
of the island three months after his de
parture from Baragua in Santiago de
Cuba On Feb 12 Maceo returned to Ha
vana province Gen Weyler publicly de
clared Pinar del Rio pacified and the gal
lant Cuban leader returned to that prov
ince on March 15
Before this Weyler had already shown
his sanguinary spirit and plans of mur
der Prisoners of war and innocent per
sons nniustlv charged with niriinc Hm
the army in September by the assembly hellion were shot every day iu Havana
FLAG OF FUEE CUBA
ish columns and go to one of the fortified
towns under the vigilance of the Spanish
soldiery With the homes of the recon
centrados their cultivated lands were to
be devastated and around the ttowns
where they had to live not a piece of
bread was to be given to them In this
manner under pretext of a military opera
tion half a million people most of them
nmrumi BTilmrlfiiimiii
women and children were condemned to
die from hunger
Wholesale Slanglitcr
From the date of those decrees until
November 1896 300000 people were mur
dered thus in Cuba Since November as
a resut of Weylers sanguinary orders
the number has been increased to 400000
What monster in history ever did so much
against humanity and civilization Nero
Caligula Tamerlane Torqucmada Alva
when compared with Weyler appear mild
and humane A poltroon besides being
an assassin he never offered battle to thej
Cubans or took the field to fight In his
time Spain env 200000 soldiers to Cuba
He kept them inactive guarding the trocha
from Mariel to Majana in Pinar del Rio
province or from Jucaro to Moron in
Puerto Principe At other times from his
palace in Havana following on a map the
imaginary positions of his enemies he or
dered his columns to make combined move
ments that always resulted in defeats
One instance of the stupidity and cow
ardice of Weyler occurred on May 1 1890
He ordered one of his favorite combina
tions of columns against Maceo at a place
called Cacarajicara in the province of
Pinar del Rio The result was that the
forces of the Spanish Colonels Inclan and
Gelabert were shattered by the Cuban
leader and the havoc made in the Span
ish lines was so -great that the Spanish
soldiers panic stricken threw themselves
into the sea to escape the Cuban machete
Weyler as in all other cases accused his
subordinates of not having obeyed hi or
ders exactly
On Dec 7 1896 Maceo after having
crossed Weylers famous trocha and en
tered Havana province was assassinated
in an ambush near Punta Brava The rev
olution lost in him a great patriot and a
heroic soldier But Weyler soon under
stood that the murder of Maceo was not
the death of Cubas cause In March
1896 Gen Calixto Garcia landed in Santiago-de
Cuba He soon replaced Maceo
as a dashing fighter and a brilliant com
mander At the same time Gomez in
Santa Clara had won the important battle
of Saratoga and controlled the whole
province The battle of Juan Criollo in
February 1897 was another of Gomezs
important victories and in Santiago de
Cuba the latter part of the year was made
conspicuous by the triumph of Gen Gar
cia at Victoria de las Tunas
Weyler was recalled in November
when after the death of Canovas and the
fall of the short lived Azcarraga cabinet
Senor Sagasta was selected as prime min
ister by the queen regent It is a well
known fact that Weylers recall was im
posed upon Spain by this country
Gen Don Ramon Blanco who was to
change the Eanguinary methods of war
fare of his predecessor entered Havana
Nov 29 1897 Spain granted to Cuba
an autonomist system which has been de
clared a mockery by all impartial judges
The Cubans rejected it and the new
A
of representatives started for the east
with 2000 of his men On Oct 30 Gomez
invaded Las Villas Maceo joined him on
Nov 29 near a place called Los Gnayos
From there they began their triumphant
march On Dec 3 the Spanish Col Se
gura was defeated by the insurgents at
Iguara and had to leave his dead on the
field together with a great supply of arms
and ammunition On Dec 15 the Spanish
battalions of Ganarias and Trevino were
routed by Maceo at Mai Tienipo after the
most gallant charge with machetes of the
Cuban cavalry led by Maceo himself that
has ever been seen jn the Cuban wars On
Dec 21 the victory of El Desquite cleared
the way for the invaders to the province
of Matanzas Martinez Campos then
made a desperate effort to check the two
Cuban leaders Until that moment he had
been recoiling before the invaders with
his columns hoping that they would stop
But he saw that each step of the patriots
to the west was a decisive triumph for
their cause The enthusiasm of the revo
lution was growing day by day through
out the country The Cuban ranks were
filled by volunteers from all the cities and
towns by which Gomez and Maceo passed
Martinez Campos rallied his almost dis
persed men and presented battle at El Co
liseo on Dec 23
The action was sharp and decisive Mar
tinez Campos behaved bravely leading
one of his wings iu a charge against Go
mez but Maceo falling on the Spanish
won the day for Cuba and compelled Mar
tinez Campos to retire The captain gen
eral hurriedly entered Havana making
preparations to defend the city and he
confessed his defeat to the astonished
Spanish volunteers and residents of the
capital
Spain Sends Weyler
On the night of Dec 27 the captain
general made that avowal A few days
later the rabid Spaniards of the city com
pelled him to tender his resignation to
Madrid They demanded from Canovas a
captain general framed in the old iron
cast of the Spanish conquerors not to
fight battles and risk his life on the field
but to exterminate the native population
In their belief women children every one
born in Cuba should be held responsible
for the situation They did not like a
Eoldier with a gallant career and personal
was in Cuba reached Madrid shortly after courage They wanted an executioner
jjixe overthrow of the Sagaata cabinet I Canovas satisfied them and appointed Don
SCENE AMONG TIIE STARVING RECONCENTRADOS
The most summary court martial preceded
the executions as a mere formality In
other cases the victims were murdered in
cold blood in their dungeons or thrown
alive into the sea during the night at the
entrance to the harbor to feed the sharks
The horrors of the Council of Blood under
Alva look pale when compared to the
crimes of Weyler In the country his
troops had orders to kill every non-combatant
without regard to age In the
cities he appointed as inspectors of police
the most infamous murderers and thieves
from the Spanish penal colonies in Africa
In a short time more than 100000 persons
emigrated from Cuba panic stricken
But Weyler was not satisfied He in
tended to destroy the country and to ex
terminate the natives Seeing that the
executions in the forts were too slow a
method and that thedestruction wrought
by his columns was not enough to ruin the
island he conceived one of the most mon
strous crimes ever committed against hu
manity On Feb 16 1S96 he issued his
two famous decrees of concentration By
them every human being in the country
districts was compelled to leave his home
after it had been destroyed by the Span-
regime inaugurated in Havana on the first
day of this year by Gen Blanco was as
a complete failure The patriots declared
the acceptance of autonomy an act vi
treachery to their flag They hanged as
WATCIIIXG HER DiIXG BABE
spies all the Spanish agents sent to them
to propose such a scheme They rejected
with scorn the offers of money made to
them by Blanco The death of the Cuban
Gen Arauguren near Havana did not
discourage the patriots in the least They
kept up the war as enthusiastically as
ever adopting as their motto Indepen
dence or Death
Effective Tip
A hungry guest at a Chicago hotel
who had sat at one of the tables unno
ticed for several minutes called a wait
er to Jiim at last and said
Young fellow I saw that man ovei
there hand you a tip of half a dollar
just now
Yes sah
Youve got his order have you
Yes sah
Well now 111 give you a tip also
wOiich is this Bring me exactly the
same order served in exactly the same
style as his and with the same
promptness or Ill report you Do you
get the idea young fellow
Yes sah
The two dinners were served- at the
same time and were precisely alike
When a boy gets hurt it can never
be told how badly he Is bruised until
after he has been given his Saturday
bath
WP
BORN A SLAVE
Ee Won Hla Way to a Commanding
Position in American Life
The career of Blanche K Bruce who
died recently in Washington was one
of the most remarkable in our history
Although he was born and lived to the
age of 20 years a slave he died in his
second term as register of the Treasury
after having served a full term as Uni
ted States Senator and he honestly ac
quired a comfortable fortune and a
strong Influence in the politics and poli
cies of the country
Bruce who was born a slave in
ijillm
BLANCHE K BRUCE
ginia in 1841 removed with his mas
ier to Missouri a little before the war
and In 1861 joined the Union forces
Af ter the war he located in Mississippi
where he prospered and where in 1874
he was elected to the United States
Senate
In this connection a good story is
told It was announced that the Sena
tor would go to Washington from his
Mississippi home by one of the Missis
sippi steamboats at least as far as St
Louis on his way The captain a man
by the name of Lathers was a typical
Mississippi steamboat captain and he
was reported to have said that he
would show the black Senator wrhon ho
got aboard of the boat that he would
have to keep his place on that boat and
If he put on any airs because he hap
pened to be a Senator the captain
would teach him his manners
As soon as Bruce boarded the steam
boat he sougbt the captain and he said
to him Captain Lathers I am going
to Washington and a part of the way
as passenger on your steamboat My
name is Bruce and possibly you may
have heard of me What I wanted to
say is that I know perfectly well what
the feeling of many people who are
travelers regarding persons of my color
is They cannot help it and I cannot
help it and I am going to give them
no occasion for any annoyance while I
am a passenger on your boat I simply
ask that you see to it that I am made
as comfortable as possible and I as
sure you that you will have no reason
for complaint
The blutt captain stepped back a
pace or two looked Bruce over and
then held out his hand and said with
great emphasis By you shall sit
at my table you shall sit on my right
hand on the entire trip and if any man
objects he will have to fight me And
on that entire trip of some three days
the captain made Bruce his guest
One of the impressive sights of
Washington during the incumbency of
Senator Bruce was to see him and his
colleague the aristocratic Lamar walk
ing daily together up the avenue to the
Capi tol Lamar the scholar the orator
the fine type of Southern chivalry and
cultivation had the highest respect for
Bruce and preferred his companionship
in the daily walks to and from the Cap
itol to that of any other Senator
After his retirement from the Senate
In 1881 Brace was appointed register
of the Treasurer by President Garfield
and six months before his death Presi
dent McKinley reappointed liim to the
same office
PLAGUE OF THE KLONDIKE
Monster Mosquitoes Which Torture
Men and Even Bears to Death
The Yukon mosquito is the most bru
tal and bloodthirsty of its tribe it kills
man and beast even the ferocions
grizzly bear falling a victim to its
bites
Prof William Beutenmuller of the
Museum of Natural History has in
vestigated the mosquito and recognizes
some thirty kinds in North America of
which tlie variety found along the 3u
kon is the most pestiferous These
swarm in long columns resembling the
smoke rising from a campfire Oue
can hear their buzzing a hundred feet
away It is not sweet music The
iff
THE YUKON MOSQUITO
Slightly reduced from an official photograph
sound is
and that is just what the prospector
does the second time he hears it if
there is any second time-
The first concert is his last some
times for a nervous temperament can
not endure an attack of the pests and
though a miner should not have nerves
some miners do have them and Snd
them sadly in the way in time of
trouble The mosquito pesters such a
man- until he sinks from exhaustion
never to rise again
The Yukon mosquitoes drive the
jMHWn fWfiW
moose deer and caribou up the
tains to the snow line -where these ani
mals would prefer not to be in berry
time They kill dogs and even the bir
brown bear that is often miscalled a
grizzly has succumbed to them
Although the Alaska summer i3
short two broods of mosquitoes oarch
out each year and are ready for busi
ness from one to ten seconds after they
leave the water It rains a good deal
along the Yukon and rain is welcom
ed for it drives the mosquitoes to cov
er but after the rain they are worscr
than ever
Dr Arraond Raoui late bacteriolo
gist of the St Louis Board of Health
claims to have discovered a virus that
is death to mosquitoes He is going to
Alaska to start a plague among tbo
pests by inoculating some choice speci
mens of them and turning them loose
to spread the fatal disease -which he
declares Is highly contagious to all
dlptera
NEWS FOR ASTRONOMERS
An Instrument Which Will Brlnjc the
Moon AVi thin Pistol Shot
Herr Johann Mayer royal and im
perial first lieutenant in the 03d regi
ment of Austro Hungarian infantry
claims that he has invented an instru
ment which will bring the stars with
in a few hundred yards of the eartb
and the moon within pistol shot
Briefly summed up Herr Mayors
telescope consists of a huge paracolic
mirror in whose focus he suspends a
small convex parabolic mirror whii h
throws the rays received by the largi
mirror upon the lens of the microscope
connected with the apparatus This
combination of the large and small
mirror is shown in the drawing The
original feature which Heir Mayer
claims for his apparatus is of course
the use of the enormous parabolic
yhjrf
J2
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THE 3IIIUOK DOES IT
ror and the small convex one as Wvli
as his ability to dispense entirely Avitii
the usual telescopic tube New Yoric
Herald
A Joke on a Phrenologist
The jokes that practical jokers play
upon wiise men are sometimes as funny
as they are elaborate A case in point-
is said to have occurred some years ago
in England when a h umorloving indi
vidual who rejoiced in the possession
of a fine vegetable garden found there
in one evening a large turnip It so
happened that this particular turnip
was marvelously like in its shape to a
mans head and bore a very decided
resemblance too to he features of a
man The joker perceiving a line
chance to make a point and struck hy
the curious resemblance of the turnip
had a cast made of it and sent the casit
to a phrenologist requesting him to ex
amine its bumps and to make a report
After sitting in judgment upon the
cast for some time tiie phrenologist so
the story goes reported that while he
could not judge accurately from the
cast it was his opinion that it was the
head of a person of acute mind and
deep research that he had the organ of
quick perception and also of persever
ance well developed and that there
were signs that he was also a person
of extreme credulity This opinion was
sent by mail and the phrenologist ex
pressed in closing the hope that at
some time he might have the priviiege
of examining the head itself
The reply was sent that the owner
would gladly comply with this request
but that unfortunately he could not do
so since the original had been eaten by
himself and his family several weeks
before with their mutton at dinner
What the phrenologist thought of the-
roply is not stated Harpers Round
Table
Accent and Pronunciation T
Pronunciation is a matter that may-
be settled with reasonable certainty by
the dictionary but accent as the
Toronto Globe points out is a more
subtle thing depending upon taste and
temperament Most disputes about ac
cent are like those of the two Scotch
men hailing from different parts of the
country My pronunciation may not be
perfect said one in effect but at all
events I dont call fush fecsh An En
glish writer deplores the Canadian
accent a cruel blow for the Cauav
dian thinks he has an English not an
American accent but the Globe re
torts Take three educated men one
from England one from Scotland and
one from Ireland and their pronuncia
tion so far as it can be defined by it
dictionary will be the same yet there
will be such a difference that the na
tionality of the speaker wili ba at once
detected Then again people often
make the mistake of comparing the
speech of an educated person in one
place with that of an educated one in
another place To say we call our
city Terahnto says the Globe is
like saying the Londoners call one of
their public resorts Ide Park
Oldest Piece or Furniture
What is probably the most venerable
piece of furniture in existence is now
in the British Museum It is the thronc
of Queen Hatsu who reigned in the
Nile Yalley some 1G00 years before
Christ
A first class price doesnt always in
dicate a first class hotel
The achers of the farmer yield th
dentist an income
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