m
J
EDTJCATIOSALCOLUMN
N
NOTES ABOUT SCHOOLS AND
THEIR MANAGEMENT
Truest Sermons to I5c iearnd from
the Paes of Natures Hook Duty
of the Teacher II nt for Mothers to
A
v
T cliintc from Natvre
From the pages of Natures book are
the truest lessons to be learned It is
a text book all must study To the
young it is the most interesting of all
books and from it may be learned
wbat the printed page in the school
room can never adequately furnish j
Too many teachers refuse to avail j
themselves of the means which Nature j
uwuuuailU UllUS ill J111H1111U WV7
teachers of the lower grades fail to
have their pupils study lessons out-of-doors
Distrusting their powers to in
terest their pupils in what they see
daily or shirking the labor which is
entailed on them by taking their class
to the liill side or river or totally un
appreciative of the value of such aids
in their teaching of geography teach
ers restrict their labors to the four
walls of the school room and to the
manual which is supplic 1 them by the
school authorities
Agassiz the great teacher and natur
alist had his experience with this sort
of teaching and he gives a record of
it which every teacher would do well
to consider lie says In geography
let us not at first resort to books but
let us take a class to the fields point
out the hills valleys rivers and lakes
and let the pupils learn out-of-doors the
points of the compass and then hav
ing shown them these things let them
compare the representations with the
realities and the maps will have a
meaning to them Then you can go on
with the books and they understand
what these things mean and what is
north east south and west and will
not merely read the letters N E S
W on a square piece of paper and
perhaps think that the United States
are about as large as the paper they
learn from When I was in the college
at Neufchatel I desired to introduce
such a method of teaching geography
I was told it could not be done and my
request to be allowed to instruct the
youngest children in the institution was
refused I resorted to other means
and my own children my oldest a
boy of G years and my girls 4M and
years old and invited the children
of my neighbors Some came upon the
arms of their mothers others could
already walk without assistance These
children the oldest only 0 years old
I took upon a hill above the Neufchatel
and there showed them the magnificent
peaks of the Alps and told them the
names of those mountains and of the
lakes opposite I then showed them
the same things on a raised map and
they immediately recognized the local
ties and were soon able to do the same
on an orditiry ini rrom tnat aay
geography was no longer a dry study
but a desirable part of education
Goldwaites Geographical Magazine
The Cucce Nsfu5 ieaclir
Her manner is bright and animated
so that children cannot fail to
catch something of her enthusiasm
Her lessons are well planned Each
new step resting upon a known truth
is carefully presented
Everything is in readiness for the
days work and she carries out her
plans easily and naturally
Old subjects are introduced in ever
varying dresses and manner and mat
ter of talks are changed before the chil
dren lose interest in them
She talks only of what is within the
childrens experience Her language is
suited to her class being simple in the
extreme if she is dealing with young
children
When she addresses the whole class
she stands where all can see and hear
her
She asks for only one thing at a time
with slow emphasis in a low distinct
voice
She controls her children perfectly
without effort Her manner demands
respectful obedience She is serene
She is firm and decided as well as
gentle patient and just
She is a student is not satisfied with
her present attainment
She is herself an example for the chil
dren to follow holding herself well
thinking connectedly and being al
ways genuinely sincere
She is a lover of little children striv
ing to understand child nature
True teaching is to her a consecra
tion She has entered into the holy of
holies where singleness of purpose high
ideals and self consecration unite in
one strong determining influence that
surrounds her like an atmosphere
School Education
To Beautify School Grounds
The famous receipt How to cook a
hare began with the sage counsel
First catch the hare Many schools
cannot beautify their grounds because
they are none to beautify School
buildings often stand directly upon tli
street with only narrow alley ways on
either side and barely room in the rear
for the ill constructed malodorous un
healthful closets at once a menace and
a disgrace to the communities toler
ating them An unwise and niggardly
economy has prevailed in many cities
and villages which has cut down to the
lowest dollar expenditure for school
buildings and grounds and lavished
1 large sums on the erection of court
I houses and jails
In many prosperous cities and vil
lages and other rural communities
school buildings stand in the midst of a
plot of ground without trees shrubs
iplants flowers or even green grass
jcpou these buildings the storms beat
iin the winter and the sun in summer
wtih no protection whatever from cold
or heat These buildings aw frequent-
ly -without blinds or curtains to exclude
tho glare of sunshine aud are as bare
and unattractive as it is possible to con
ceive buildings to be Pupils reach
them by muddy paths or by no paths
at all through grounds that have never
received one hours care since the build
ings were erected Educational News
7hv e- cher Has a Duly
The English newspapers report an
extraordinary case of suicide by a
school boy Cuthbert Evans a lad of
1G a pupil at Ilaileybury public
school waited aj a railway crossing
for a train to appear then l id his
hod on the rail and was cut to pieces
Xerr the spot where he died was found
a letter explaining his reasons for an
act so unnatural to youth Tha letter
was addressed to the head master of
the school Last term the unfortu
nate boy wrote they certain of his
schoolmates conceived the vilest dis
like to me for nothing at all except my
opinions about Crete From then on
my life was miserable I dont
accuse them of personal violence but
of a regularly organized attempt and
a successful one to make miserable
my life by cowardly and insidious
means and to make me an object of
scorn to all Thus the lad a wveteii
ed weak nerved creature was bullied
and harassed until he looked upon
death in its most fearful form as a
welcome relief from his daily annoy
ance Very characteristic was the tes
timony of the head master He had
not known that Evans was persecuted
after receiving the letter he made in
quiries andfound that it was a sim
ple case of easing No doubt it was
nothing worse But is there any form
of torture more destructive of mind
and morals than the nagging prac
ticed by schoolboys on weak lads This
boy was driven to suicide by persecu
tion which he could not complain of
for fear of much sharper retribution
and which from its vague nature
would not be understood by the head
master unless he were a man of fine
feeling It is unfortunate that school
teachers should be too often blind to
the nervous self consciousness and
timidity of children How many young
lives are embittered by the petty per
secution of a schoolroom when by the
use of tact and sympathy on the part
of the teacher they could be made
bright and happy The man or wom
an who has charge of children in their
most impressionable years is under a
great responsibility and a responsibil
ity that is not satisfied by mere atten
tion to obvious wants in the school
room
For Mothers to Read
Mothers are cautioned by a physi
cian who has had much experience
with childrens hospitals not to permit
the children who carry a load of school
books back and forth from home and
school each day to carry the load al
ways in the same hand or over the
same shoulder as many instances
have been known where the habit
lengthened the arm or enlarged the
child to carry one shoulder higher than
the other If the books are carried
first in the right and then in tlje left
hand every second day or the bag of
books suspended from the shoulder
changed about as frequently the dan
ger will be met and overcame besides
which the weaker hand will be
strengthened
Eotany for Country Schools
Some exercise in botany should form
part of the childs education if this is
fortunate enough to be in the country
Boys and girls should be early taught
the habits of close observation of nat
ural objects They should be especial
ly drilled in noting the different va
rieties of weeds in their neighbor
hood and also any kinds that have
proven injurious in other localities
The coming of a new weed in any lo
cality is apt to be very unobtrusive
A little prompt effort in destroying
it may save untold labor later Not a
few of the worst kind of weeds have
been introduced through flower gar
dens where the plant was sown for
its beautiful foliage and flowers
American Cultivator
Cooking According to Science
Give me a spoon of oleo ma
And the sodium alkali
For Im going to bake a pie mamma
Im going to bake a pie
For Jonn will be hungry and tired ma
And his tissues will decompose
So give me a gramme of phosphate
And the carbon and cellulose
Now give me a chunk of caserne ma
To shorten the thermic fat
And hand me the oxygen bottle ma
And look at the thermostat
And if the electric ovens cold
Just turn it on half on ohm
For I want to have supper ready
As soon as John comes home
Now pass me the neutral dope mamma
And rotate tha mixing machine
But give me the sterilized water first
And the oleomargarine
And the phosphate too for now 1 think
The new typewriters quit
And John will need more phosphate footf
To help his brain a bit
Another Victim Romantic Lover to
himself She has refused me She
shall suffer I will darken her life at
the cost of my own Ah ha proud
beauty You shall drag through the
coming years knowing that a suicides
blood is upon your head Shoots him
self Curtain The Proud Beauty
reading from the paper the next day
Mr A S S Softhead a boarder at
Mrs Slimdiets boarding house No
33333 Avenue X committed suicide last
evening in his rooiu He had appeared
ill for several days Thus one more
case isadded to the long list of sad sui
cides from la grippe New York
Weekly
Shakspeare wore rings in his ears
and fashionable gentlemen of the time
fairly glittered with expensive jew
elry
FAIR SOUTH WOMEN
TALENTED OFFICERS OF TPE
NASHVILLE EXPOSITION
The Womens Department of Which
These Ladies Arc the Head Is One
of the Moat Admire I Features of
the Iiij Show
Are Leadera AH
One of the most admired features of
the Tennessee centennial exposition
is the womans department In a pic
turesque building which is an exact
reproduction of Andrew Jacksons cel
ebrated Hermitage elegantly furnish
ed and decorated they have an
y
It
hulJ f gy
pw
raMKBt
THE WOMAXS FOUNTAIN
it wherein is shown progress of wom
ans work along artistic and educa
tional lines not only in Tennessee but
in all parts of the world The exhibit
has been collected by systematic and
organized effort on the part of Tennes
see women to which work none have
sight won vrro have
contributed more than Mrs Van Leer
Kirkman president of the Womans
Department Miss Ada Scott Rice Sec
retary Mrs Robert F Weakley Treas
urer and Mrs Charles W Grosveuor
Vice President for Western Tennessee
These women are not only foremost
among exposition workers but are al
so leaders in the social literary and
club life of the South
Mrs Van Leer Kirkman comes from
an old and honored Tennessee family
Her grandfather Hon Jacob Thomp
son was a member of President Bu
chanans Cabinet The first four years
of her life were spent in Cuba and
thereafter until her marriage she liv
ed at Memphis In that city she re
ceived her early education under rh
Episcopal Sisters of St Mary pursU
ing later a course of study at Fairmont
College At the age of 15 she was sent
abroad for the completion of her educa
tion Two years spent at school in
Paris were supplemented by a year of
I g
fry MIL
ifV aEB mmff
W 5
-V
THE WOMAXS STATUE
travel through the principal countries
of Europe Shortly after her return to
Memphis she made her debut in socie
ty and from that time was an acknowl
edged belle throughout the South At
White Sulphur Springs Old Point Com
fort and the charming resorts of the
Carolinas her unusual beauty and her
graceful and winning manners won
for her admiration on all sides In
1886 she was married to Van Leer
Kirkman of Nashville which city has
since been her home Her husband is
one of the States leading citizens Mr
and Mrs Kirkman have three sons
Van Leer Jr Macon and Anthony
Wayne Their home Oak Park it-
uated five miles from Nashville is one
of the most complete and beautiful
country seats in the South and here a
generous hospitality has ever been dis
pensed
Miss Ada Scott Rice is one of the
women who make an instantaneous
good impression on those who meet
them and the impression always lasts
She is a graduate of Wards Seminary
the Vassar of the South and her w oil
trained mind makes her a valuable offi
cer She has written numerous spright
ly articles for the daily and weekly
papers in addition to performing hF
arduous dluties as secretary She llves
at Nashville
Mrs Robert Forde Weakley is prom
inent in social circles and is ever en
gaged at the same time in works of
charity being one of the most inde
fatigable laborers in any cause which
appeals to humanity She was Miss
Margaret Johnson of Memphis and
married Robert F Weakley a leading
business man She now lives at Nash
ville
Mrs Charles N Grosvenor the vice
president for West Tennessee is a
Memphis lady a daughter of Napoleon
Hill of that city She graduated with
honors from Higbee School of Mem
phis and later spent some time in Mrs
Reeds school in No- York pursuing
special lines of culture She has fine
literary tastes is a social leader and
closely connected with the club life of
her native city Sho is president of the
Womans Council of Memphis the larg
est organization of women in the
South and occupies responsible posi
tions in several other clubs and asso
ciations Mrs Grosvenor is pes res in
figure has a piquant face dirk hair
and urge expressive eyes of giav Her
miner is characterized bv vivacity
Dr W cobs JTiocoznotive Searchlight
Persons who happened to he in the
Union Station yard last night about
1030 were struck with the unusual
brilliancy of the place The reason for
ACTiVE
Scctt
IN MAKING
fctory of the Building of the Famous
Moorish Palace of the Alhambra
The Alhambra of Spain has attained
a fame equalled by no other palace on
earth This marvelous creation of
Moorish fancy is situated in what was
in its time one of the strongest and
largest fortresses in the world Capa
ble of containing an army of 40000
men it was at once the admiration of
the Moors and the dread of the Span
iards The Moors called It the Maiden
Fortress and had a superstition that
when it fell the Moorish power in Spain
would come to an end The belief was
justified by the event for
the Red Castle was the last Moor
ish stronghold to surrender to the
Spaniards it being given up the year
before the discovery of America and
the eight centuries of constant war be
tween the Moors and the Spaniards
were brought to a close The dainty
palace within the vills of the huge
fortress was the work of Ibn el Ah
mar and was inspired by his love for
his wife Teleika was her name some
say Zeleika and others give her va
rious appellations so she may have had
more names than one but no matter
what was her name she found life in
the great fortress rather dull and to
please her Ibn el Ahmar began the ele
gant palace as a home for her and a
refuge for himself from the cares of
business and the fatigues of war It
proved too long and expensive an un
dertaking for his life and pocketbook
but his son and grandson each was
botintifully supplied with wives whom
they were anxious to please so it was
continued by the one and finished by
the other in 1314 over sixty years from
the time when its foundations were
laid
COAL MINE RUN BY WOMEN
Athletic Sistera Wjho Can Farm and
Do Housework as Well as Dis Coal
A coal mine run by women is an in
novation in America In sections of
German- England and Wales it is a
common thing for women to work in
and about coal mines although of late
years this custom has been almost
abolished in Wales
In the Ma honey Valley several miles
southwest of Shamokin Pa lives Jo
seph Maus a native of Germany who
is owner and operator of a coal mine
His four grown daughters and three
younger girls help him in operating the
colliery Their father considers them
tii
inmMW tit
MAIHE MAXTS
the beet slate pickers and workers in
the anthracite region He finds them
dutiful cheerful workers and he never
has any fears of their goig on strikes
for higher wages or from any imag
inary grievances
Mr Maus superintends the mine and
works at cutting out the coal The old
est daughter Katie 22 years of age
performs the duties usually assigned to
aai outside foreman She supervises
the running of the breaker in a very
satisfactory manner md attends to
selling the coal to the hundreds of
farmers who live in the valley Mary
21 years old has charge of the mules
THE TENNERSEE EXPOSITION A SUCCESS
this was that the private engine of Dr
Seward Webb the Nehasene was in
the yard with a new searchlight on its
pilot which threw a very powerful
light on the track and the objects with
in its range The searchlight is about
the size of the ordinary light carried
on the pilots of locomotives only it is
many times more brilliant The power
for the light is genera ted in a small dy
namo operated independent of the
mechanism of the engine The engine
was in charge of Engineer McFadden
who was kept busy explaining the light
to a curious and interested crowd of
railroad men The engine was ordered
to Utica and left on its run at 1030
The light is able to allow the engineer
to discern objects distinctly at the dis
tance of a mile Albany Argus
A MONUMENT OF LOVE
which hoist the coal from the interior
of the mine by an old fashioned gin
Anne who is a pretty- good mechanic
runs the pump that keeps the mine
from filling up with water and feeds
the boiler and engine that operates the
machinery Lizzie is the slate picker
boss and is assisted by her three young
er sisters ami little brothers in clearing
the coal of slate as it passes down the
chutes into the storage pockets
These energetic young women are
fine specimens of womanhood and are
stronger than the average -man They
are almost six feet in height and well
proportioned erect and weigh on an
average of 200 pounds They do not
confine their muscles and lungs in cor
set and lace them into eighteen inch
waists with the assistance of the bed
post previous to going to work sunl
they are satisfied with the ffrw physi
cal perfections with which nature ma
endowed them and are content to let
nature have her sway which kep
them in perfect health and streazrJi
They have never known a days iiim s
in their lives and a visit from a doftf
is an unknown experin
Their clothes are not of a pnved
new woman order - r
material the skM - j tjje
ankles They we -- r on
their feet and tak mi helping
their mother with th v -- oi the farm
and in the hous Tli are expert
farmers and housekecpr rs Mrs Maus
runs the farm and her husband claims
it is a better paying investment than
the coal mine The girls work hard six
days in the week and seem happy and
contented with their lot
The Kind
Fuddy Between you and me I be
lieve my wife thinks more of the butch
er than she does of me
You dont mean it
Fuddy I do but I am not jealous
Duddy Not jealous
Fuddy You wouldnt be surprised if
you knew what kind of thoughts she
thinks of him Boston Transcript
Only a Iittle Premature
I cant bear a suit that isnt pena
ing said a judge to a young lawyer
who was seeking advice
I know it isnt pending replied the
young man in some confusion but it
is about to pend The Green Bag
The Revised Version
The fin de siecle lover puts it thus
I love the very ground Miss Bloom
er bikes over Trifles
When you have a country woman to
dinner notice how l y he L of the but
ter you serve
rBW
yiaia ssairMtisnf
l V Ivc vi u
xflS
o uve Coal in the Kitchen
Mrs S T Rorer in writing of stoves
ind ratios in one of her departments in
fhe Lad it Home Journal points oiu
the way to economize in the ue of coa
in tin cook stove or range Kron an
economical standpoint a brick set range
should be avoided as the bricks and
mortar consume much heat that -should
serve ior cookiug purposes A large
firebox is also a point in the eeouoiny
of coal Where the iio i s inall a
greater amount of coal is eon miied as
the quantity is too small to erwite heat
for the whole range unless Kept red
hot In this country it i our fashion to
attach to all stoves and rang direct
draughts to the pipe and Hue The av
lUtge hoisewife having no regular al
lowance of coal does not notice the ex
travagance of such a draught but in
France where economy is studied such
a construction would not be tolerated
With this fine open coal is consumed
rapidly without good results the heat
simply passing up and out of the pipe
Such a fire gives a red hot top and a
cold of n An ordinary range or stove
should not consume over half a ton -of
hard coal in a month more than this
cannot be used for cooking purposes
Every housewife should study th
draughts and the particular construe
tiou of the range she uses so that she
may be able to direct the cook how best
to get good results from the amount of
coal burned The direct damper should
be closed save when the ashes are be
ing taken down and out
Daintily Cookui Cuciimburs
Ivarge full grown cucumbers cooked
daintily may be digested with ease by
the most delicate stomach Cut them
into halves then into quarters then
into eighths put them in -a baking pan
cover with boiling wuter add a tea
spoonful of salt and simmer gently
for twenty minutes Lift them care
fully with a strainer arrange neatly
on slices of toasted bread and pour
over fliem a sauce made as for aspara
gus using for the sauce the water in
which the cucumbers were boiled La-
dies Plome Journal
Veal Croquette-
Cold veal at once suggests the most
delightful ifumber of made over dish
es Veal croquettes are always excel
lent if properly prepared A simple
mince of veal warmed up in brown
gravy seasoned highly with salt and
peper and served on toast is always
acceptable at breakfast It is appro
I priately varied by mincing six mush
j rooms to a pint of minced veal and
adding them to the brown gravy before
adding the veal The moment the
minced veal is heated through it is
ready to serve
Viat IJread
To make bread from whole wheat
flour scald half a pint of new milk add
to it half a pint of water one tea spoon
ful of butter let cool add one half of
a cake of compressed yeast dissolved
in warm water ahd whole wheut lour
sufficient to make a tliin batter let
stand in a warm plact until light add
flour to make a soft dough knead
again make into loaves put into a
greased pan keep warm for half an
hour and bake in a moderate oven for
one hour
I oaiuy rauc
Cream half a cup of butter add one
cup of powdered sugar one tjapoon
fuf of vanilla and two tablespooufuls
of any kind of fruit syray Just before
serving stir in one quarter of a cup f
boling water stir well then heat u
tlC white of one egg p wionsly beaten
to a froth and continue the beating
till the sauce is foamy
Cookery Iltntp
Make snowcake with arrowroot flour
the flavor is delicious
Eggs will cook much more evenly if
the frying pan is covered
Put sugar in tin water used for bast
ing meats of all kinds it gives a good
flavor to veal more especially
Add a cup of good cider vinegar to
the water in wmch you boil fish espe
cially salt water fish
When making tomato soup add a raw
cucumber sliced line boil soft and
strain with tomato It gives a very
fine seasoning
When boiling ham put in a cup of
black treacle one onion a few dove3
and peppercorns adding a bunch of
hay it seasons finely
How Dishes Got J heir Nanien
The sandwich is called for the Earl
of Sandwich
Mulligatawney is from an East India
word meaning pepper water
Waffle is from wafel a word of Teu
tonic origin meaning honeycomb
Hominy is from auhuminea the
North American Indian word for parch
ed corn
Gooseberry fool is a corruption of
goosberry foule milled or pressed goos
berries
Forcemeat is a corruption of farce
meat from the French farce stuffing
i e meat for stuffing
Blanc mange means literally white
food lence chocolate blanc mange Is
something of a misnomer
Succotash is a dish borrowed from
the Narragansett Indians and called by
them msick quatash
Charlotte is a corruption of the old
English word charlyt which means a
dish of custard and chocolate russe Is
Russian charlotte
Gumbo is simply okra soup gumbo
being the name by which okra is often
known in the South Chicken gumbo
Is soup of okra rnd chicken
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