If it I I t -V 4 K EDUCAHONALCOLUMN NOTES ABOUT SCHOOLS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT Care of PnpilB EycniRht Advantages of Fcrap Books A Fathers Idea of What Should Be Tausht His Eon Sampson Kducat tonal Intelligence Protect the KyeBieht Take care of jour pupils eyesight You are morally and professionally 1kuu1 to guard it from ill use abuse or aieglect Remove all conditions that tend to strain blur or obscure it Do aiot permit anything in the furniture or surroundings of the room even though it was introduced and sanctioned by -some one else who perhaps had more experience than you and is supposed to be a great deal wiser upon the sub ject than you are to remain If It proves to be a source of annoyance to your pupils sight Change it at once Dont fancy that you have no responsibility In the matter since some one else placed It there Duty has to do with the present not the past If the situa tion is not wisely chosen for the battle the officer who Is In charge will be gov erned by events and in the light of sub sequent knowledge correct the mistake and strengthen his position Each is held responsible for the trust he as sumes It may have been the rule in the school you are teaching to use a steatite instead of the old fashioned white crayon and the same article may stfll be furnished by the board Do not use It without making a protest Clear your skirts at least from the pernicious practice of snuffing out your pupils eyes like so many candles What If there are bits of chalk dust breathed These particles of mineral matter are readily thrown off from the system be fore they are permitted to lodge and work harm Better to work in a little -extra chalk dust and have plain white lines on the board than to ruin in short measure the eyes and in consequence the happiness of a whole lifetime by compelling pupils to decipher faint lines in an obscure light at improper angles and all kinds of distances Study your environments to protect the eyesight of your pupils Let us drop the soapstone as a crayon for the blackboard Scrap Books Scrap iooks carefully planned may be made very helpful Note the pro viso carefully planned This is rendered peculiarly easy for the teacher from the fact that the 1 leading magazines and papers are giv en nowadays to illustrating in series One scrap book in our possession con tains views from Waterloo from the Cosmopolitan another Ottawa anil its environs We will mention still ers and how they related to the work in hand While engaged in some general les sons on the Indians we came across some views of the Zuni Pueblos also the Mission Stations of California in the days of Padre Junipero Seud This gave just the help needed in showing certain types of Indian life For other lessons we mounted views of cotton raising orange and rice cul ture To help impress the Greek stories all the stories relating to them that came in our way were laid aside as well as outlines of vase forms statues coins etc Gemlla in Seven Little Sisters was made more vivid by views of Sa hara the Pyramids the Sphinx and the Nile In the same way Agoon 4ioks charm was heightened by pic tures of Arctic life If these pictures are intended for third year pupils they may be mount ed on card board or drawing paper and tied in one corner by a ribbon that can he readily slipped from the punch hole if the views are to be passed about in the class If these views are for younger pupils to have at their desks perhaps the scrap book form is better Exchange London to Have a University There is reason to believe that the sixtieth year of Queen Victorias reign is to be made memorable by the estab lishment in London of a great teaching university The London university has existed since 1S3G but its function has always been limited to the examina tion of candidates and the conferring of degrees This restriction has made it an imperial rather than a local or metropolitan institution Its examina tions have indeed been characterized by thoroughness and fairness and have commanded the confidence of teachers and students in all parts of the United Kingdom Still the feeling has been growing among scholars thai Loudon should have an organized uni versity of its own which should fur nish help and guidance in other ways than by examinations and for some twelve years a movement has been go ing on to make London a great seat of learning Want No Immigrant Teachers The school teachers of England fear that the educational department will admit to employment in the elementary schools of Great Britain teachers hold ing the certificates issued by the Irish -education board Thej argue that this would lower the standard of the schools and increase the opportunities for theo logical discussions The ordinary sal ary of teachers in Ireland is about 200 less than that of the English teacher of corresponding grade and this leads many to believe that a considerable im migration may be expected His Tdea of Education A teacher once received the following laughable letter from the father of one of her pupils Respected Madduni It is neither my desire nor my wish that my son Samp son persoo the study of grammer nor any of the other dead laugwidges He can git along with plain English aud as he ant ever likely to be a Physick Ian he aint no need to persoo the study of iizzyology either and I dont think their skilitons is a proper thing foi children to study and I peefer that Sampson be konfined to rithmetic read in gogerfy and ritin and the names of the Presidents of our country Educational IntelHcence Oxford University consists of twenty two colleges The students of Johns Hopkins Uni versity are not permitted to publish any periodical The Washington State Board of Edu cation as announced by Governor Rog ers Is W J Hughes H B Walker J H Morgan and Mrs Rice The new bell and clock for Mount Holyoke College is to be provided by the gift of 1000 by George Cutler Jr in memory of his sister Mrs Susan Cutler Jones The Indiana House has passed a com pulsory education bill with the small maximum of twelve weeks required schooling annually for children be tween the ages of eight and fourteen Nine Juniors of Yale University were last week brought to account by the faculty for sending a letter to Corbett the pugilist extending Yales best wishes The signers of the letter an- nounced their willingness to retract the objectionable sentiment The new library at Princeton wit cost 600000 and will accommodate 2200000 volumes besides a large num ber of recitation rooms for such classes as require special library facilities This structure Gothic In architecture will be one of the finest buildings of its kind in this country The Educational Club of Philadel phia has unanimously adopted a reso lution offered by Public School Super intendent Brooks urging the Phila delphia members of the House and Senate to vote for House bill No 53 in creasing the minimum school term in the State from six to seven months Prof Jebb M P has been nominated by the crown a member of the Sen ate of the University of London This is a very happy nomination as although the Senate of the University of London contains many specialists Prof Jebb will be a distinguished addition to the few members who are cognizant of the subject of education generally Many busiuess men and educators are signing a petition to the Pennsylvania Legislature to repeal the compulsory vaccination law or to amend it so as to have it Inflict less hardship upon those school children who are not sus ceptible to the virus Under the present law a child that is not susceptible to the virus has its arm kept in a state of irritation because of the constant and repeated attempts to make the vac cine take One of the most interesting features of the last report of the President of Johns Hopkins University is the state ment that about 800 of the Universitys graduates nearly one half of the total number of graduates have become teachers Chicago University has em ployed 23 University of Wisconsin 16 Bryn Mawr College 18 Leland Stan ford Jr University 17 University of Pennsylvania 16 Cornell 14 Colum bia 13 Harvard 10 The Des Moines Summer School ot Methods will hold Its eight annual ses sion at Drake University July 5th to 30th It is the largest and oldest sum mer school in Iowa During the last seven years it has given training during the summer vacation to hundreds oi teachers of Iowa and ten other States Its corps of instructors are selected from among the best specialists of five different States It Is not only a great school of methods but it offers oppor tunities for the most thorough instruc tion in the common and high school branches and provides for an examina tion for State certificates at the close of the session What a Small Boy Could Do A lad in Boston rather small or his age works in an office as errand boy for four gentlemen who do business there One day the gentlemen were chaffing him a little for being so small and said to him You will never amount to much yor can never do much you are too small The little fellow looked at them Well said he as small as I am I can do something that neither of you can do Ah what is that said they I dont know as I ought to tell you he replied But they were anxious to know and urged him to tell what he could do thai neither of them were able to do I can keep from swearing said the little fellow There were some blushes on four faces and there seemed to be no anxiety for further information Ex Salaries of Rulers The King of Bavaria receives 1 412 000 The King of Saxony has a salary of 750000 a year The King of Italy receives 285S000 as salary and 1S0 000 for his family The President of the United States gets 50000 per an num house rental and expenses there of The King of Spain receives 1400 000 a year and 600000 a year for ex penses making a total of 2000000 The Emperor of Austria manages to make both ends meet with an annual allowance of 3875000 His Majesty of Portugal in consideration of size ol kingdom contents himself with 635 440 a year The King of Greece has a salary of 260000 a year and receives 60000 besides The annual salary of the Queen of England is 1925000 The Prince of Wales gets 200000 rest of royal family the same The Czar of Russia receives no salary His income arises from 1000000 square miles of land which he inherits from the crown His average income is a trifle more than 33000 a day FOE LITTLE POLKS A COLUMN OF PARTICULAR IN TEREST TO THEM Boraethins that Will Interest the Juv venile Members of Every Household Quaint Actions and Bright Sayings of Many Cute and Cunning Children How the Tantern Was Invented King Alfred the Great is credited with originating the lantern He was so bothered by the candle flames blow ing in the wind that he protected them by putting the candles in cow horns which he ordered to be scraped thin Our grandfathers made lanterns by punching holes and slits in properly shaped pieces of tin which were then soldered together The light which came through the little cuts was al ways very dim and flickering It was this kind of lantern which the old town watchmen used to carry when they went about calling the hours and the weather in rhyme Tis one o the clock midnight is past Sleep on good friends the time thou hast For rise ye must at early dawn is one o the clock and Tuesday morn Easier than Arithmetic It is easier to remember things usu ally If you know what they mean A little boy could never remember even about how long a cubit is until his fath er told him the word was cubitus in Latin which means an elbow and that the measure called cubit was the dis tance from a mans elbow to the end of his middle finger And how much is a fathom asked the little boy Oh fathom comes from the two words fat which means in the Aryan language to extend and horn a man A fathom is the length of a man ex tended that is when his arms are stretched out on each side from the shoulders from tip to tip of his fingers The foot is an English word and means just the length of the foot of a full grown man Makins Candy in a Paper Pan The girls of some of our Eastern col leges have a novel method of candy making which deserves to be known outside this magic circle especially as the results are particularly delicious They take a sheet of heavy glazed writing paper and turn up the four edges to a depth of about three fourths of an inch Into this box they pour a cupful of white sugar and a very little water and set it on top of the stove One would think the paper would burn but it does not The sugar boils up charmingly and looks tempting enough in its dainty receptacle When it is done a drop or two of fla voring is added or just before taking from the fire some nut meats are strewn over its surface It is then taken off the stove and set to float in its paper box in a bowl or basin of water When cold it should be brittle and then the paper can be peeled off and a dainty square of toothsome candy is the re ward It is great fun to make and will sur prise your friends if they chance to see w boiling in its paper box Combat with a Tijer Russian hunters are said to look upon a combat single handed with a bear as only an ordinary experience It is floubtful however if many instances of a man attacking a tiger armed with a sword only can be found Col Sea ton the elephant hunter however tells this story of bravery One morning just as we were leav ing the parade ground a man came rushing up breathless Get your guns men he exclaimed there is a tiger in the hollow by the hut and no one dares go by In all haste we got our guns and two elephants and hurried to the spot where in truth a terrible scene presented itself The tiger bleeding from a cut in the head was on the edge of the hollow growling fiercely with a iTH WHICH HE ffd cue 1 i MMss YmlN OlTWyi ftsftv wvturjwt ri VrRTW jUmrff v in tri ywia mw ay l man mangled and apparently dead ly ing beneath his paws The unfortu nate man was a fine swordsman and first rate wrestler one of the cham pions of his regiment Some people who went to draw water at the well had disturbed the tiger and on his ris ing they fled in terror The brave but rash soldier who happened to be near at the moment on learning the cause of the commotion Immediately ad vanced to attack the tiger and with his sword gave him a tremendous cut over the head which however did not materially injure the powerful brute The tiger rushed at the man stripped the arm down to the elbow and dash ing him to the ground held him be neath his paws When we came up we were at first at a loss how to act for the man was as much exposed to our fire as the tiger However it was not a time for lengthened consideration we fired and a lucky shot finished the animal Whistline Not a Bad Habit The boy in the following story is described as never saying anything re markable as eating oatmeal in large quantities chasing the cat slamming the door and otherwise conducting him self after the manner of boys with the exception that he asked few questions and does much thinking If he does not understand a thing he whistles which is not a bad habit on some oc casions There was much whistling in our yard one summer It seemed to be an all summer performance Near the end of the season however our boy an nounced the height of our tall maple to be thirty three feet Why how do you know was the general question Measured it How Four foot rule and yardstick You didnt climb that tall tree his mother asked anxiously Nom I just found the length of the shadow and measured that But the length of the shadow changes Yesm but twice a day the shadows are just as long as the things them selves Ive been trying it all summer I drove a stick into the ground and when the shadow was just as long as the stick I knew that the shadow of the tree would be just as long as the tree and thats thirty three feet So that is what you have been wins tling about all summer Did I whistle asked Tom The First American Flag A well known authority on American curios says The first resemblance to a flag was the work of Benjamin Franklin and Messrs Harrison and Lynch They were chosen as a com mittee to create a national flag and adopted the Kings colors as a union reunited with thirteen stripes alternate red and white showing that although the colonies united for defense against Englands tyranny they still acknowl edged her sovereignty On Tuesday Jan 2 1776 this flag was hoisted in camp at Cambridge Mass now Somer ville receiving a salute of thirteen guns and thirteen cheers The first American made flag was hoisted over the capitol at Washington Feb 24 1866 all previous flags having been manufactured from English bunting Indians Not Allowed to Vote The expression Indians not taxed refers to the Indians in their tribal re lations Tribal Indians are not allow ed to vote because they are not taxed and are the wards of the Government rather than citizens of the country The Government considers them as its proteges whom it must protect When the tribal relations of the Indians are dissolved and their land is divided among them to be held by individuals rather than by tribes it is almost cer tain that provision will be made for them as citizens and that being land owners and taxpayers they will be en titled to and will receive all the rights of full citizenship TCEjfllBHttL NQlJICr POND A BUlXfROCr UAV n n 11 yvjfiT H pop eyes iarqeano bright NO A MOUTH AS BlGASANOpeNBA JHOS SHORES ARE m V m kk A I THROUGHOUT TKetJT ftNo cricke o throughout thcnht - ii ir mKi v tti w j mu H Wif I - - Till 411111 II I M A i g -- I NOTKusawASTHe Jul1 ppo JsFdkejJr RCKery Cricket yiaM gRCeTlTSTyOAK iBLrt7n w I - iDM I JLr ri v RiceTVTineTy - 77S II i i ri - j y va s qeT I lAK 1 El f C r i m f ilgyf fofME PLACE ONCPAy Trtl3fSArt JicmeryjpicKirr j 2t c i wi i yensiieoTMc poNOSANOQOOS NpTHeNSeABCHfOPORHIS FAvORiTe CAnSj i 53 I ll UCNEATH THE- 5TOMESNOWS5 tftg cKEriMe hemwuoacrcak y Jjt OAve MIS N6TAPUSM CH RJKE D SLYUV SMHeOjBuTNCVcRSPKC J5klF reot Pirruiwr xenti il Rouu Feo GREAT SuRPrji Into the net he iwer J N0 THGN WiTH OTHERS OFmS SllGL SToTrtc MABKCT 5BMT eREweepiNCRsnMs bulging eves UTTERtO This lamCnt TCKETy RICKETY CfWAK O- -- fie h CKeryQcKiT7 vsccaLA JFV C9ak1 NrSjL agil CKo S I ii i rvrsi jow sor Afw spoeJ UESlM gVAN i at -mc - tet3 HgEsMECI K W 3e7S w Bkl zm Sir said Dr Johnson to a friend commenting upon a widower who re married though his wedded life had been unhappy It is the triumph of hope over experience A clerk in a Chicago book store was surprised not long ago when a young laly came into the store and said to him I want to buy a present of a book for a young man Yes miss said he what kind of a book do you want Why a book for a young man Well but what kind of a young man Oh hes tall and has light hair and h always wears blue neckties Of Matthew Arnold as a school exam iner a tale is told by a fellow inspector of a class of girl pupil teachers that he asked Arnold to examine for him Ar nold gave them all the excellent mark But said the other inspector surely they are not all as good as they can be some must be better than others Per haps that is so replied Arnold but then you see they are all such very nice girls It was related of one of the members of Grants first Cabinet a former col lege professor of the know-it-all vari ety that he was on one occasion dis coursing on the subject of the Druses when an auditor interrupted him with the remark tJbat the cyclopedia did not agree with him Oh was the reply I know a great deal more about the Druses than I did when I wrote that article in the cyclopedia Senator Voorhees once had succeeded in delivering an appeal which had brought teals to the eyes of several jurymen Then arose the prosecuting attorney a gruff old man with a piping voice and nasal twang Gentlemen said he deliberately you might as well understand from the beginning that I am not boring for water This proved so effectual a wet blanket to the emotions excited by Mr Voorhees that he realized the futility of his own bor ng After the expulsion of Louis Philippe in 1848 Louis Napoleon let several months go by before offering himself as a candidate for the chamber He was elected and presented himself while the law decreeing his exile was still in force One of the deputies pro tested against his taking his seat Louis Napoleon arose hesitated bungled and sat down without having been able to address the assembly After that said the objecting deputy I withdraw my objection General Thaddeus H Stanton the paymaster general of the army called at old Fort Brydger in Wyoming about twenty years ago to see an old friend named Hastings ivho was one of the custodians of the abandoned post He met a man named Williams and inquir ed for Hastings Oh Hastings is dead said Williams Dead said Stanton in surprise what did he die of Committed suicide said Will iams The devil you say responded Stanton how did he commit suicide He called me a liar answered Will Lams Maurice Barrymore was once in Lon don with a new piece which he was anxious to have produced He had read it to a manager and it had been decided that he was to play the leading role About a week after it was supposed to have been definitely settled Barry received a note from the manager ask ing him to call Barrymore called and the manager said I like the piece old fellow but I dont see how I can use you in the cast Your beastly American dialect wont do at all you know They wont have it Well thats strange said Barryomre they told me on the other side that they have me on account of my beastly English dia lect What am I to do give recitations on the transatlantic steamers AnOaklandbootblack an honest man who would not deceive his patrons when he first went into business six years ago put up a sign which read Joe Garibaldi bootblack Has two small children Each succeeding year found him deserving of more sympathy for he kept amending the sign until it read eight small children A few days ago Joes stand was locked for a whole day and when he returned the next morning he confided to the butchers boy that his baby died His first work was to amend the sign so that it might not mislead the public and it then read Joe Garibaldi bootblack Has seven small children Then to avoid being placed in a false position before the public he added with his finger and shoe blacking One he die A devoted couple who apparently had been long separated were thrust suddenly into each others company says the Boston Evening Record at a largely attended reception A lady who tells the story was present in company with an educated deaf girl The happy reunited pair displayed fully the thoughts thut were in their hearts by the beam upon their countenances Sud denly the young man drew near to the one whom he adored and said in a low tone inaudible to those about him a few seemingly affectionate words The deaf girl watched the proceedings with intense interest and suddenly broke into a broad grin Her companion in quired what it was that amused her She turned about so that the couple could not see her and replied That man said If all these people were not here Id kiss you If they dont get out of the way pretty soon I shall have to before them The girl replied Then I shall scream The deaf girl under stood their words by the motions of heir lips A New Yorker who has spent time and monej in developing carrier pig eons and may be called Jones for short says the Sun was boasting at hi3 club one night of the great flights that his plgeDnn had made when Brown wAf Il bet you the best dinner the club cani furnish for every one present that yott havent a pigeon that can fly from Phil adelphia to New York It will be sim ply robbery said Jones but Ill take your bet Brown stipulated that he should carry the pigeon to Philadelphia himself and he did Before releasing the bird he clipped his wings and thea he returned to New Yore by a slow train Well I released your pigeon la Philadelphia this morning he said to Jones that night at the club has he re turned yet Not yet said Jones The next day Brown again asked Jones about the bird and when Jones admit ted that ihls pigeon had not come back claimed the bet The owner of the pig eon said tbathe wouldnt admit defeat The pigeon didnt sliow up on the sec ond day but on the third day wlien Brown asked jecringly Isnt it about time for that supper I dont suppose your pigeon has returned Jones re plied promptly Yes he has but er well his feet are very sore Brown paid the bet Overwhelmed by an Avalanche An extraordinary escape from deat was lately recorded by a newspaper o Mountain Home Idaho a mining town high up among the mountains where avalanches of the most fearful descrip tion are not infrequent On the tiratj day of last December a citizen of j Mountain Home Frank Andreas byj name started at an early hour In the morning to go from a mine to a black- smith shop some distance away on then side of the mountain With him were his two big dogs which are in part of St Bernard blood The dogs were gamboling about in the snow some distance from their master when a great snowsllde which the warmth of the sun had dislodged some two hundred feet up the moun tain descended upon Andreas with such velocity that there was no escap ing from it He was borne along with and umlerj the snow and lodged against the sido of the gulch much farther down Abovej him the snow was packed hard An- dreas did not know how deep it was in reality It was about four feet above his head but he did know that It was so hard that he could scarcely move a muscle Andreas quickly began to experiences difficulty in breathing Luckily he uadi been carried along by the avalanche in an upright position he had thrown unj his hands in an effort to save himself and his left arm had remained in thaB position thrust upward By working It from side to side in the hard packed snow he made a small opening up int looser snow in which there seemed to be some air at any rate he could breathe enough to save himself fron suffocation at present He knew however that he could not live in such a place long He struggled and pushed and tried to enlarge the opening made by his left arm pickia pieces of snow from about his body with his right hand and working them into the opening But he would certainly have grown discouraged after he had worked vain ly thus far half an hour or more if he had not heard a scratching and bur rowing sound above his head Up knew by this that his faithful dogs had escaped the avalanche had found the place where he was overwhelmed an3 were digging him out This gave him strength for new ef forts Now he bent all his own fn deavors not to getting out he left the dogs to uncover him but to getting air enough to keep him alive until the dogs should succeed in digging down through the hard snow He worked his left hand upward and about and as the dogs dug downward he soon succeed ed in getting a little hole through to the air For an hour and a half he and Vie dogs were at work and at the end of that time he succeeded in dragging himself out upon the side of the exca vation the dogs had made There more dead than alive he took deep draughts of the mountain air till these revived him and he was able to go on his way A Grateful Tenant Mr Ford has some houses in Brooir lyn one of Which he rented to Mr Stone a mason For three months Mr Ford failed to collect the rent and at last resolved to send Mr Stone adrift But if I am put out Mr Ford said Stone I cant move my duds I have no money Mr Ford being tender hearted gave him two dollars and Stone moved out Shortly afterward Mr Stone appointed an agent to attend to his rents Every thing went right until one day Mr Ford found that the rent of a certain house remained unpaid The tenants all right sir said the agent Hes a good man of the name of Stone a mason and hell pay in vu day or two The landlord called upon the back ward tenant and found that he was the same Stone whom he had evicted some months before How is it youre back here again asked Mr Ford Really said Stone I couldnt think of patronizing another landlord Mr Ford You had been kind to me and I felt grateful Harpers Round Table Man Only Has a Nose Man is the only animal that has a real nose or chin Horses have faces that are all nose swine have snouts and ele phants trunks lions have vast smell ing organs but none of them anything that can be separated from their faces and called a nose It is even more true of the chin which is particularly man Very Curious Hits curus ter me said Uncle Eben ter hyuh how folks will buse er gossip behin her back an ter see hovj glad dey aeks wen she comes roun ter tell de news Washington Star