-
it i
V
t jfW r w
THE TREASURY DEFICIT
In spite or all Secretary Carlisles
prognostications to the eontrarj the
treasury deficit keeps right on grow
ing at an unprecedented pace For the
seven mouths of the present fiscal year
this shortage due to expenditures in
excess of receipts of money is nearly
y 000000 The Republicans attribute
this to the present tariff law and to the
Democrats who made that law But
they pretend to forget that the deficit
began under the late McKinley law
Mini before the present administration
went into office
No other reason has been generally
assigned by Congressional advocates
of the present banking or usurer rule
of our Government Not a word will
these advocates who form the major
ity of Gongrpss listen to about the real
-cause of the deficit They at once frown
upon and put their fingers to their lips
to urge silence the moment another
Congressman tries to explain that this
fverly of resources is all the result of
eurrency and bank loan contraction of
the peoples money They refuse to
listen to that for a moment and desert
the Congressional floor the moment it
I broached in any seeming leiigui
Tariff Tariff Tariff is all these
ignorant advocates will see hear or
thiuk of Increase or decrease it and
the problem is at once solved to their
mind They absolutely refuse to listen
to anything else except perhaps the
ranting of the usurers belonging to
the administration who are now re
peatedly crying out that idiotic plea of
get the Government out of the bank
ing business
Well suppose the tariff is increased
at What will be the result What
man can prove or party prove by any
known facts that this would help the
deficit to day V It might or it might not
It is ail jruesswork People might un
der it import much less of foreign i
goods than they now import If so
whre is the increased revenue to come
from The chances are that they would
under it import less because times are
getting harder if anything and people
cannot consume foreign goods so readily
in hard times as in good times hard
times means the consumption of larger
quantities of cheap goods not expens
ive imported goods
The issue is not raised here of the ad
vantages or disadvantages of protec
tion by means of tariff The issue is
How to meet the treasury deficit
The first way is to reduce expenditures
According to income The next is to
impose internal taxes sufficient to meet
Kfr The third and best way is for this
Government to create business through
out the United States on a large scale
by means of putting the people in the
Avay of getting money to carry such
business on That is the whole secret
of a solvent treasury in a nutshell
There are statesmen in plenty in Con
gress who understand appreciate and
advocate this third plan bur unfortu
nately for the publics health they are
grievously iu the minority and the
country is now being ruled by a lot of
Congressional ignoramuses not count
ing those who get rich by means of con
tinued existence of hard times The
people cannot do business without
money When will the average law
maker get that ABC fact into his
head And when the business of the
people cannot be carried on because of
no or limited means to carry it on a
treasury deficit is necessarily a fore
gone conclusion so long as expendi
tures are not reduced to receipts Phil
adelphia Ttem
X Bevcnnc Needed Not Taxation
When the McKinley tariff was con
cocted there was a large surplus of
revenue and one of the proclaim
ed purposes of legislation and ad
ministration was to stop the ac
cumulation of the surplus The
McKinley tariff did this only too effec
tively What is wanted now is a re-
versal of the process which went ou
Nfc under McKiuleyism The Government
wants more revenue and the country
wants less taxation It is not a surplus
of 100000000 with which the Govern
ment has to deal but a deficit of almost
the same amount and the new tariff
to be successful should be arranged
to bring in money not to keep it out
Boston Post
Bnyinir in the Cheapest Market
Because the Carnegie company has
boon enabled to sell steel rails to En
glih railway companies at lower prices
than they can be bought in England
the purblind protectionists cry out
Now the English will be obliged to
abandon free trade Instead of aban
doning free trade the wise Englishmen
will abandon making steel rails when
they can get them cheaper elsewhere
They will never be prevailed upon to
re enter that fools paradise where men
undertake to make themselves richer
by taxing themselves Philadelphia
Record
All Mike to the Workmen
The Illinois Steel Company will make
Armor plate for Uncle Sams sea dogs
of war for about half what Mr Carne
gie wants for the job And the poor
devil who does the actual sweating in
the mill pits gets his living cut wheth
er he works for a man who gets two
prices for his workmans product or for
a company that gets only one Denver
Times
The Government and Trusts
The mightiest factor in the most pow
erful combinations is the irresistible
taxing power of the government which
is put at their command to protect them
from foreign competition and enable
them to control the home market This
is a point of attack which is not ob
scure or concealed and before we worry
ourselves too much over futile measures
of State legislation we had better bat
ter down the wall of defense for trusts
which the Government of the United
States has built up and still maintains
New York Times
More than a Billion Dollars
The appropriations by this Congress
are greater than ever before The
billion dollar Congress of a few years
ago will be regarded comparatively as
a thrifty and economical body Instead
of a billion dollars the Congress just
expired has cost the taxpayers not less
than 1100000000 At this rate of in
crease from year to year each Congress
a half decade hence will cost the coun
try a billion and a quarter of dollars
How long will the taxpayers stand tin
drain and the increase
It must be understood that these ex
cessive and increasing appropriations
are made while the revenue is decreas
ing or at least is inadequate to the ex
penditure While the treasury is strug
gling from year to year with deficits
the appropriations are increasing along
all the lines of extravagance and profli
gacy in expenditure It is not neces
sary that derails should be investigated
in order to condemn the great increase
in expenditure But the war and navy
appropriations are increased The Uni
ted States can have no fear of a for
eign foe except Great Britain At the
very time that a treaty for the peace
ful adjudication of every controversy
is provided increased expenditure is
authorized for thearmy and navy in
equipments for a war attitude against
that power
It is not to be denied that the politi
cal future is clouded by public doubts
as to the speedy restoration of prosperi
ty With prosperous times the public
credit and good government are se
cured But with increased appropria
tions and a dwindling revenue the ob
scurity over the future is increased
Let the Republican Congress at the
extra session provide for increased rev
enue by enlightened methods not for
lessened revenue by cutting off imports
through a higher tariff Then let ap
propriations be reduced so as to meet
the revenue By these methods the
solvency of the Government may be
preserved and the dangers of future
political agitation may be averted
Issues on Which Democrats Can Uniic
There are living and important ques
tions upon which Democrats are unit
ed A new tariff for bounties to monop
olies and protection to trusts is impend
ing Triumphant plutocracy is again tb
celebrate its resumption and extension
of power at AVashington Billion dollar
extravagance in the Government is
adopted and defended as a perpetual
policy With these and other pressing
questions demanding united opposition
it is no time for Democrats to take up
with side issues or to be carried away
by fads New York World
Gall and Wormwood to Spoilsmen
The reason that hidebound partisans
like Grosvenor characterize the civil
service law as a farce and humbug is
because many thousand offices have
bpen placed under the merit system
while occupied by Democrats Xo mat
ter how the political traffickers and
corruptionists may rage the people are
too well satisfied with the introduction
of the merit system and what it has
accomplished iu increasing the efficien
cy of the public service to return to the
corrupt and demoralizing spoils system
Detroit Free Press
Brief Comment
The original Hanua men are rubbing
pepper and stilt into the wounds of ths
Forakerites Zanesville O Signal
Gen Alger pledged himself to peace
at the Detroit banquet on Washingtons
birthday The general it is pleasant to
observe has all the war record he
wants Springfield Mass Republican
McKinley and Hanua have no occa
sion to be thankful for the grave diffi
culties which will confront them at the
outset of their administration but they
can at least be glad that the complica
tions of foreign affairs are distracting
the attention of the public from the
subject of derailed prosperity Kansas
City Times
S W
Senator Mark Hanua You cant lose
me Chicago Record
NOTES ON EDUCATION
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO PU
PIL AND TEACHER
Teachers Should Know the Value and
Influence of fraise Educational
Proercss in the South Insist on
Attention Notes and Comment
The Influence of Praise
Many educators of the present day
have a theory that if children who
have tried their very best be prevent
ed from knowing when their work is
bad they will soon improve this im
provement increasing with a corre
sponding increase iif power This the
ory is being tested at a Philadelphia
Normal School and whether it be true
or not certain it is that nothing is more
helpful toward -a useful and happy life
than real honest praise
The theory held by some that to
praise a person only fills him with van
ity and so prevents greater effort is a
mistaken one The thought that he
never does and never can do anything
well will pr6ve discouraging to even
the stoutest hearted while on the other
hand to one who is striving to do well
the knowledge that he is succeeding
will act as a powerful incentive goad
ing him on to achieve still greater suc
cess
With children especially praise is a
necessity Nothing is more discourag
ing to a child than the thought that
everything he does is either wrong or
at best nothing above the ordinaiy
To have everything he does taken as a
matter of course his best efforts meet
ing with no approval will soon lead
him to cease his efforts altogether
While a word of praise or it may be
only an approving glance or smile will
cause the little face to light up with
pleasure and because he knows that
bis mother or his teacher likes to see
him doing well he resolves to do still
better in the future
Teachers should know the value of
praise from their own experience If
a teacher feels that she is not winning
the hearts of her scholars she becomes
discouraged but if she knows that they
speak of her to their parents and
friends she is at once lifted up and
stimulated to greater effort in their
behalf Nor does this praise from her
little ones lead to any feeling of van
ity On the contrary it brings a sense
of the deepest humility and a firm reso
lution to be worthy the loving trust of
the children under her care If praise
can so influence the teacher it has a
still greater influence on the scholar
Extravagant flattery is to be avoid
ed The child must not be made to feel-
that he can do everything better than
his fellows nor must he be made to
think that wrong is right but when he
does well encourage him to go on try
ing to do well always Paint the right
in such beautiful colors that the wrong
will be entirely lost to sight or in
other words aim to cultivate the posi
tive side of the childs character and
the negative side will take care of it
self Instead of constantly holding up
before the children the things which
they should not do let us teach them
those things that they should do and
encourage them by sincere judicious
Draise American School Journal
With an Orancre
Peel an orange by cutting the rind
through the center and removing it in
the shape of hollow half spheres In
the bottom of one of these pierce two
holes side by side and then place one
half in a goblet the concave side down
The diameter of the glass should be
a little smaller than that of the orange
peel so as to hold the latter in position
half way down the sides of the glass
Pour some red wine into the orange
peel it will run through the fioles Let
it just reach the level where it touches
the bottom of the orange peel
Now pour water into the glass until
it is almost full and watch the result
You will see aathin red film rising
through one of the holes to the level
of the water while the water which
is heavier than the wine descends
through thfr other hole to the bottom
of the glass
In a short time instead of having the
wine below and the water above the
orange skin the conditions are revers
ed both liquids having completely
changed places
Two goose quills may be placed in
the holes one going downward and one
upward but they are not indispensable
to the success of the experiment Se
lected
Educational Progress in the South
Supt Hogg of Fort Worth Texas
estimates that while the South has
gained 54 per cent in population dur
ing the last twenty years the increase
in enrollment of school attendance is
130 per cent School property has in
creased in value from 16000000 to
51000000 Of the 320000000 ex
pended for education during the last
eighteen years one fourth has been
for the colored population Florida
leads the vanrin this work having an
enrollment of GG per 100 of her popy
lation as compared with 61 in other
States--The School Journal
Get the Attention
Teacher if you cannot get the atten
tion of your pupils your work is worth
less The pupils attention you must
have Get it in some way No one can
tell you just how you can get itj Per
sonality iSgreater than jnethod With
out attention there can be no percep
tion without perception there is noth
ing to remember hence there is no ad
vancement without attention The art
of teacliing is the art of getting atten
tion Southern School
Edncntional Intelticrcnce
Troy is to have a new 100000 high
school building
Notwithstanding a strong- sentiment
in favor of the use of the piano in the
Minneapolis public schools the local
board is not able to supply the needed
instruments
A chair of oriental languages includ
ing Chinese and Japanese has been es
tablished in the University of Califor
nia
Exclusive of college publications
thereare 150 or more periodicals in
this country issued in the interest of
education
Charleston intends to establish a
school for the training of negro nurses
New Orleans was the first city to open
an institution of this kind and the ex
periment has been highly successful
there
President Harper of the University
of Chicago announced last week that
Lady Aberdeen wife of the Governor
General of Canada will be convoca
tion orator at the university exercises
April 1 enjoying the distinction of be
ing the first woman named for such an
occasion in this country s
A contest of the will of the late
Thomas Armstrong a 71 Union Col
lege alumnus who bequeathed property
worth 150000 to the college has re
sulted in a decision sustaining the will
The income from this property will be
devoted to the special departments of
history and government
A number of evening schools are bj
ing held under the auspices of the col
ored churclies of Chicago and not only
middle aged but also old people of the
colored raVe are seeking the education
-which was deniedthem in their youth
The coloredjpeople say that they feel
more at home in these schools than in
the public schools
The freshman class jn theljniversiry
of Illinois recently had a class socia
ble and supper The men of the soplio
more class tried to break up the socia
ble Thev broke the windows of the
dining room in which the freshmen
and their ladies were assembled and
threw in some foul smelling chemicals
Some of the fluid fell on a ladys face
and put out her eyes In some schools
the children are taught to say that
Americans are civilized and enlight
ened Exchange
t
The Kansas City Mo Board of Edu
cation recently employed a drill master
for the high school cadets of which
there are three companies recently or
ganized by the pupils themselves The
labor organizations of the city strenu
ously object to the movement and have
held metings and given expression to
their objections through the press that
the board might be warned They have
stated to the board through their rep
resentative that a remonstrance sign
ed by the entire organizations of the
city would be presented to that body
at its next regular meeting
Peat in the United Stales
Peat bogs are usually found in nortn
ern latitudes Those in Ireland Scot
laud and England are too well know
to need description In France and
Germany bogs of this description are
alinost equally numerous but it is not
a matter of general information how
ever that North America is abundant
ly supplied with bogs of genuine peat
Along the Atlantic coast from New
YorH to Florida these bogs are of fre
quent occurrence The Dismal Swamp
of Virginia has a great deal of peat
The Okefiuokee and other swamps in
Florida also furnish a fair quality In
New England Newfoundland and Can
ada particularly in the region of the
great lakes there are peat bogs of im
mense extent the Hudson Bay region
also having hundreds of square miles
of bogs some of which are of consider
able depth The peat is not however
to any considerable extent utilized in
this country the abundance and cheap
ness of coal causing the inferior fuel
to be disregarded When our coal gives
out as it probably will in 2000 or 3000
years peat fields will come into play
furnishing a reserve stock of excellent
fuel not inferior in its heating qualities
to a good article of wood
Blight on Fruit Trees
The blight which sometimes attacks
fruit trees of every description is of
extremely obscure origin being attrib
uted by some naturalists to a diseased
condition of the sap while others
charge it to a microspopic fungus
growth and still others assert that the
attacks of insects are responsible for
the damage Whatever may be the
cause the fatal effects of the blight on
apple peach cherry plum and partic
ularly on pear trees are well known to
all nurserymen and orchard owners
Many remedies have been tried but
probably from the fact that blights
arise from different causes and condi
tions none have in all cases proved ef
ficacious The subject is one of great
interest to those engaged in growing
fruit producing trees and has enlisted
the earnest efforts of naturalists and
scientific men but the causes of the
destruction are such that no certain
remedy can be prescribed for any
given case
A Woman Photographer
The courage characteristic of call
fornians that enables them to face any
sort of circumstances with a dauntless
bouyaucy has never been better exem
plified than in the case of Miss Floride
Green who went there comparatively
unknown a few months ago and is now
established in a most attractive studio
in Union square She has the distinc
tion of being a successful woman pho
tographer and is especially in demand
to go to private houses to take photo
graphs of women who are in such deli
cate health that they cannot go to stu
dios Mrs James B Fry widow of
General Fry who has been an invalid
for years is among Miss Greens pa
trons Mrs Frys friends in San Fran
cisco will be soon gratified to see a
counterfeit presentment of herself
which is the work of a Californian
Nearchus the Admiral of Alexander
the Great noted the grownth of the
sugar cane in India B C 325
BLUE AM THE GRAY
BRAVE MEN WHO MET ON THE
FIELD OF BATTLE
Thrilling Storied of the Rebellion
Old Soldiers and Sailors KclateKemi
niacences of Life in Camp and on
the Field Incidents of the War
Confederate Theatem
The Confederate authorities knew
the value of well regulated amuse
ments at a time when the people were
wrought up to the highest pitch of ex
citement and all reputable actors
found no difficulty in securing exemp
tions after the passage of the conscript
law Among the stars on the Confed
erate stage in those days were W H
Crisp the father of the late Speaker
Crisp E R Dalton Theodore Hamil
ton and Sam Hubbard Among the la
dies were Mrs Crisp Miss Jessie
Crisp Miss Eloise Bridges and the
Waldron sisters These favorites of
the public appeared before the foot
lights in various cities but as a rule
they alternated between Richmond and
Atlanta
What were the plays on the South
ern war time stage Perhaps the most
popular were Camille The Marble
Heart The Romance of a Poor Young
Man Rollu La Tour de Nesle
London Assurance The Serious
Family Naval Engagements Box
and Cox Corsican Brothers Lucre
tia Borgia Black Eyed Susan and
others familiar to the theater goers be
fore the war Comedy seemed to have
the preference The people had so
many serious things to worry over that
they did not care for tragedy So
Shakspeare became a back number
and there was no demand for his mas
terpieces Yet some of the Confeder
ate theaters would have been equal
to the task of rendering Shakspeare
Mr Crisp was an actor of renown and
Dalton and Hamilton were fair trage
dians Mrs Crisp and her daughter
possessed rare talent and a half dozen
others might be mentioned who would
be players of note on the stage of to
day
The last year of the war found the
theaters in a bad fix The property
men and managers were in despair
To dress these stage ladies and gentle
men in a fashion suited to their differ
ent roles was an impossibility So Ca
mille went through her struggle with
consumption and other things in front
of delighted audiences attired in a cos
tume which would have been more be
coming to her grandmother and Rolla
looked not only like the last of the
Peruvians but like a bewildered gen
tleman who had come to his last shirt
and was wondering where he could get
another Still the theaters drew bet
iy than ever People had money to
throw away and they tried to get rid
of it
Sometimes it was very inconvenient
to attend these places of amusement
Soldiers with muskets and baj onets
were stationed there to preserve or
der and when the audiences filed out
officers were on hand to force every
man to show his papers Frequently
a young man with his best girl would
find that he had forgotten his docu
ments and a squad of soldiers would
then escort the two to the ladys house
and then cany the gentleman before
the provost marshal for an explana
tion
Generally whenever a play was pre
sented the prettiest actress in the com
pany would come out between the acts
and recite My Maryland or some
other war poem and wave a Confeder
ate banner This feature of the pro
gram always drove the soldiers wild
with enthusiasm A few original plays
were placed on the stage in those stir
ring days Maria Jourdan Westmore
land of Atlanta wrote The Soldiers
Return and John Davis an actor
produced The Roll of the Drum
These dramas had more or less merit
but were not destined to live
In Atlanta the theater became a trou
blesome problem shortly before tin
siege The city was filled with sol
diers and refugees and with them the
play was emphatically the thing It
was their only amusement and tiie
roughs crowded the theater in such
numbers that the better classes remain
ed at home About this time the city
gas works had to shut down because
Sherman had cut off the supply of
coal The theater therefore used tal
low candles kerosene being unknown
in that region This was a picnic for
the soldiers Every private in the gal
lery fastened his eyes upon the candle
immediately under him and confiscated
it when the guards were not looking
More candles had to be lighted but
sometimes the house would be in dark
ness except for the footlights Scan
dalous things were done during these
periods of artificial twilight Good peo
ple protested but the city was becom
ing a camp and there seemed no rem
edy
Just when affairs were coming to
their worst however Mayor James M
Calhoun did what no mayor ever did
before in the history of the world He
issued an order closing the theater and
pledged himself to use all theforce at
his command to keep it closed There
was a tremendous uproar But the
mayor was firm He admitted that h
was outside the law but he claimed
that it was a case of necessity that the
theater must be closed- or the city
would become a whirlpool of vice and
crime
The best people upheld the mayor
and the Confederate Vice President
Alexander H Stephens in a written
opinion justified his action The the
ater had to suspend indefinitely and
the players packed their things and de
parted for other cities A few weeks
later the citizens were dodging shells
for the siege was on in earnest The
old theater did not re open until some
of Shermans soldiers gave an entefJ
tainment in It and when the Federal
started on their march to the sea thei
building was destroyed in the
Chicago Times Herald
A Military Murder
It was a hot dusty afternoon In the
month of June 1804
The streets of Atlanta were almosq
deserted by the citizens but many offi
cers and soldiers belonging to John
stonsarmymighthavebeen seen loung
ing on the corners and in the stores
There was no hum of traffic and no ac
tivity in the business thoroughfares
and the only sound that broke the still-
ness was an occasional sullen boom
from Shermans big guns twenty miles
away
In a bookstore on Whitehall street
several officers made a vain effort to
keep moderately cooL A colonel waai
looking over a volume of Hardees
Tactics a major was glancing at the
pictures in n Life of Napoleon while
a group of young captains and Heuten j
ants discussed the movements of Slier-
man and showed how that dreadful
commander could be checkmated
The soJitairy clerk in the establish
ment a youth of lCr listened open-
mouthed to these military heroes and
studied the patterns- of gold lace out
their uniforms - -
By the wysaidi the Major replac
ing his book on the shelf I suppose
those deserters were shot this morn
ing
Yes all of them replied the Colo
nel there were seven and they met
their fate bravely
I heard said the Major that one
was a boy of 15 -
He said that he was under 16 re
marked the Colonel but he was tall
and well grown forhis age He was a
bright young rascal and knew what
he was doing when he deserted
The bo clerk showedi signs of inter
est and asked several questions
Dont worry about it my lad said
the Colonel kindly when yon join us
you will never desert You will do your
duty as a soldier
I hope so the boy answered bu
it is pretty hard to expect a boy of 15
to do a mans work in the army and
shoot him like a dog when he flickers
But he mustnt flicker laughed one
of the officers Whem he becomes av
soldier he must be one in earnest It
was a pity to shoot the youngster but
it was a military necessity
I suppose so said the
thoughtfully but war is a bad
all the way through Ii heaxtlly wish
that it was over and I am willing to
give up my share of its- glory for 10
cents on the dollar
Hello Not weakening are you Colo
nel asked the Major
You will see responded the other
with a grim smile
Just then a country wagon rolled rap
idly down the street
Thenegro driver halted nd the Colo
nel and the Major walked out on thew
sidewalk and assisted two ladies to
alight The yotmjtyr
store with her elder companfon leaning
on her arm
We have traveled a long distance
she said to the clerk and my aunt is
almost fainting Please oblige me with
a chair and a glass of water
The old lady was promptly seated -but
she merely touched her lips to the
water and fell back unconscious A
doctor who was present revived her
but she closed her eyes and asked per
mission to rest a few moments
The officers saw that the two were
well dressed with refined features and
their sjmpathies were aroused
If I can do anything said the Colo
nel to the young lady command me
I am Colonel B
Thank you replied the girl for she
was hardly out of her teens My aunt
is Mrs Her husband the Captain
was killed in Virginia a year ago
I knew him was the Colonels an
swer He was a brave soldier
My aunt continued the girl half
choking has a son a boy of 13 who
ran away and joined Johnstons army
a few months ago He left without
leave and was on his- way home to see
us when he was arrested We heard
that he was to be tried here as a desert
er and we came to Atlanta to see
My dear young lady said the Colo
nel read this And he pointed to a
local article in the evening paper
The girl read it aloud in a low clear
voice It described the execution of
the deserters and- spoke of the heroic
bearing of the- boy
Too latel moauied the giri How
can I break it to my aunt It will kill
her
I am- afraid she- heard you said the
Major
They touched the old lady gently and t
spoke to her Both heart and pulse had
ceased to beat and the careworn fea
tures bore- the unmistakable stamp of
death
The unfortunate lady had relatives in
the city and her remains were at oncer
carried to their home
War is a horrible thing said the
Colonel a few moments after this
heartrending scene
Yes replied a young lieutenant
but the execution of that boy was ay
military necessity
Say a military murder was the re
sponse of the Colonel as he walked oflT
with a sad face Wallace Putmim
Reed in Chicago Times Herald
A Himalayan Settlement
Rupshu a district on the north slope
of the Himalayas 15000 feet above sea
level and surrounded by mountains
from 3000 to 5000 feet higher has a
permanent population of 500 persons
who live in goat hair tents all the year
round Water freezes there every night
but no snow falls on account of the
dryness of the air The people are
shepherds and dress- in pajamas and a
long cloak wearing ait additional doak
In unusually cold weather