K
if
J
h
P
ID
V
P
r
i
n
VK
i
v
K
u
ST B
PROTECTION AND BOUNTIES
The logical insult of a policy of di
rect tariff protection instead of one
which frames n tariff for revenue pur
poses while not discriminating against
home products protected incidentally
by the tariff levied for revenue was
seen in the demands made upon the
ways and means committee at yester
days hearings
Hitherto the manufacturers had their
Innings and with hardly an exception
hey wanted higher duties upon articles
coming into competition with them
while looking with disfavor upon any
increase of duties on the raw materials
of their manufactures The producers
of raw materials however made it
plain that they are not to be ignored
What is the raw material of the one in
dustry is the finished product of anoth
er and the one is as much entitled to
protection as the other About the
great agricultural staples no class of
manufacturers had anything to say
Presumably they wanted these to be as
cheap as possible so that they might
not have to raise the wages of their
wrjrkmen on account of dearer living
ut yesterday the agriculturists had
their turn and were not backward in
their demands One of the speakers
admitted that he would have a duty
St Louis Republic
absolntely prohibitory on every agricul
tural product that can be raised in this
country Another was not satisfied
with that sort of protection Prohibi
tory duties on hay oats and flaxseed
might help some farm ere but similar
duties on wheat com cotton and some
other products would not be of much
help because these are not imported to
any extent if at all Our products of
this class have to go abroad and meet
the competition of other countries in
the markets of the world Protection
in our own market would be practically
useless What is asked for is an export
bounty on these staple products so that
the farmer could get full price at home
for the exported cereals and yot the ex
porter might undersell cheap labor pro--duct
of foreign farms
The sugar bounty of the McKinley
law of 1S90 furnished an excuse for the
-demand If that was a good thing for
the beet growing farmer and for the
country it is argued why confine the
bounty cure for agricultural ills to beet
growers Why should not the wheat
grower the corn raiser and the cotton
planter have like encouragement Be
sides if protective tariff duties benefit
the manufacturer and not the farmer
why should not part of the revenue ob
tained from these protective duties be
turned over to the farmer in the shape
of bounties on his products that he
may be on an equal footing before the
treasury with the protected manufac
turer
Here we have the logical outcome of
a policy for tariff for protection with
revenue incidental It is a demand for
prohibitory duties on foreign products
seeking entrance and for bounties on
domestic products exported Where
the revenue is to come from with which
to pay the bounties is a conundrum
with which the proposers of the plan
do not concern themselves Cleveland
Plaindealer
Tellinu the Plain Truth
There was a frank witness before the
Tariff Committee on Tuesday He rep
resented the American Hosiery Com
pany and said the 50 per cent duty
now imposed did not afford his corpora
tion the margin of profits it would like
to have What is -wanted by the peo
ple I represent he frankly said is not
revenue but prohibition They wanted
to keep foreign goods which came in
competition with theirs out of the
United States altogether Not rev
enue but prohibition and trusts is
what these tariff sharks are after c
Pittsburg Post
A Grand Old Fraud
The defeat of John Wanamaker roi
United States Senator in Pennsyl
vania is one of the righteous results of
the present Senatorial campaign sea
son It is a fit rebuke to a preposterous
hypocrite and humbug Wanamaker
mixes piety pelf and politics in equal
average proportions Sometimes at his
Sunday schools he is mostty for piety
The main portion of his time he is for
pelf His experiences for eight or ten
years have included a large amount of
politics
He occasionally combines two or
more of his main projects Notwith
standing his piety at times he joins
pelf and politics in the same pursuit
Pie did so when he raised 100000 for
the Harrison campaign fund in 1S8S
and was appointed postmaster general
as a reward for his enterprise and suc
cess in furnishing the boodle It was
well understood at the time that Wana
maker engaged in this vast boodle ef
fort at the suggestion of Quay who
was the Republican National Chair
man in 1SSS That the pious old fraud
should have turned against Quay this
year and made a Senatorial campaign
on the platform of honest politics is an
amazing and grotesque spectacle
PROMISED PROSPERITY WHO GETS IT
r ISSfl MiiKaMt Mfif iTimwiM nfrTJHKSP SJKISS
i m WMmmM mm II
rSs fMmn lis ill
The righteous indignation of the
campaign boodler of 1888 at his defeat
by Quay for Senator in 1897 is a mat
ter for ridicule Lack of success in
politics however will not cause an
abatement in Wanamakers zeal for
piety and pelf His bargain counter
in politics is bankrupt But he will
follow up his Sunday schools and the
notion business Chicago Chronicle
Pointed Paragraphs
Georgia has sounded the political slo
gan Bryan for 1900 We advise
Hon Thomas E Watson to sue for
divorce on the ground of non support
An Ohio man has laid claim to the
city of Minneapolis and part of St
Paul This is going too far the Ohio
man ought to be content with the city
of Washington
A dispatch from Cleveland says that
Mark Hanna is troubled with insomnia
He always has been pretty wide-
awake but heretofore his insomnia
has troubled others more than it has
himself
Senator Stewart after sinking 25-
000 in a free silver paper has asked
that a receiver be named for it It toofc
only six months to demonstrate to thex
Senators entire satisfaction that a free
silver paper is not a gold mine
The export bicycle trade last year
amounted to 3000000 Of this over
one third went to the United Kingdom
220000 to Germany 120000 to
France rl000 to British North
ica 35000 to Africa and even S5000
to Cuba According to the logic of
current conditions there should be a
large and powerful bicycle lobby at
Washington just now
The present duty on oatmeal is 15 per
cent ad valorem The result was that
not to exceed 20000 worth of oatmeal
was imported last year The Canadian
meal which is superior to that made
from American oats has been kept out
With more protection the oat meal
trust could force prices still higher
and yet defy the competition of Cana
dian Scotch or Irish meal
Protect us from foreign lumber
Save us from the wicked Canadian
mills cry the dealers to the Ways
and Means Committee Yet in 1896
we shipped to the United Kingdom 2
500000 worth Germany 380000 Brit
ish North America 600000 the West
Indies 600000 Argentina nearly 1-
000000 Brazil about S0000O Africa
500000 British Australasia 500000
NOTES ON EDUCATION
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO PU
PIL AND TEACHER
How One Incorrigible Schoolbos Was
Conquered Deafness Is Frequent
Among irchooL Children Sentiment
Against Corporal Punishment
The Worst Boy
I have known a boy who was called
the worst boy in a school room of
fifty boys The teacher was called
the best teacher in town She was
40 years old and he was 13 Her man
ner was haughty so was his She
would have her own way if a will had
to be broken to pieces so would he
When he was only 3 years old he com
mitted a digression for which his moth
er asked him to say he was sorry But
I am not sorry he said Then I will
whip you till you are sorry she ex
claimed and forthwith proceeded to ap
ply the rattan to the boy
Howls and yells followed the mother
resting once in a while to ask Will
you say you are sorry You can
beat me because you are the biggest
but Ill never be sorry he answered
She went on whipping Resting again
she demanded Will you say jou are
sorry You can kill me but Ill
never say Im sorry he exclaimed
with fury flashing eye and trembling
body That mother put by the rattan
She was defeated and ever after he
controlled her She was not wise
enough to turn that strong will in an
other direction instead of opposing it
His teacher was not wise enough to
turn his will in the right direction eith
er Such scenes occurred in the school
room between the two Disgraceful
heartrending At last he was expelled
from school His father went to the
school committee to intercede for the
boy On the board was a lady She
was touched by the fathers appeal
and she influenced the rest of the com
mittee to allow him to return to school
She sat in an ante room and watched
the teacher and the boy that day with
out the boy knowing he was watched
She saw the boy get through his rith
metic study long before be rest Then
she saw him hitch in his chair Stay
in at recess for restlessness observed
Miss Strong the teacher The lady of
the school committee saw the boy take
up a book and read His mouth twitch
ed his features were convulsed with
nervous spasms Stay in after school
to night for making faces command
ed Miss Strong the teacher
Then the lady of the school commit
tee walked into the school room and
asked the to go into the next room
with a sealed note to the teacher The
note read Set this boy a hard exam
ple in arithmetic and tell him to come
back and do it A B of the school
committee
No one was more surprised than Miss
Strong when the schoolboard promoted
her worst boy into a room two grades
above her own the next week There
he did admirably and now he is one
of the brightest business men of Bos
ton
Nervous children need long recesses
varied exercises a bright cheerful
teacher who has not too much of the
Napoleon about her and one who is
willing to live and let live if you only
give her a chance The School Journal
Deafness Among School Children
The fact that myopia is frequent
among school children is well known
It is not so well known that impair
ed hearing is also frequently met with
The children thus affected are often ac
cused of being lazy and inattentive
when in reality their ears are at fault
Helot shows that these cases are quite
common are easily recognized are gen
erally curable and when cured a large
number of children are transformed so
to speak both from a physical and a
moral standpoint According to Weil
of Stuttgart the proportion of school
children with impaired hearing is 35
per cent according to Moure of Bor
deaux 17 per cent Helot agrees with
Gete and other aurlsts that the propor
tion is always 25 per cent or one
fourth All the children in a class
should be carefully examined and these
semi deaf pupils will always be found
among the poor scholars The cause
of infirmity is to be sought for naso
pharyngeal catarrh following measles
scarlatina whooping cough adenoid
vegetations hypertrophied tonsils etc
and normal conditions are to be re
stored by appropriate treatment Pop
ular Science News
Need of a National University
It is not the needs of the District of
Columbia which are to be met by a
University of the United States The
local needs are well supplied already
It is the need of the nation And not
of the nation alone but of the world
A great university in America would
be a school for the study of civic free
dom A great university at the cap
ital of the republic would attract the
free minded of all the earth It would
draw men of all lands to the study of
democracy It would tend to make the
workings of democracy worthy of re
spectfuly study The New World has
its lessons as well as the Old and its
material for teaching these lessons
should be made equally adequate Mold
and ruin are not necessary to a univer
sity nor are traditions and precedents
essential to its efiectiveness The
greatest of Europes universities is one
of her very youngest Much of the
greatness of the University of Berlin
is due to her escape from the dead
hands of the past It is in this release
that the great promise of the American
university lies President Jordan in
ie Forum
Professional Students in College
A pamphlet on professional educa
tion in the United States just issued by
the bureau of education gives some In
teresting statistics The number of
medical students Is more than twice as
great as either law or theology medi
cal 22887 law 8950 theology 8050
There are 1413 women studying medi
cine and 65 studying law Within the
past live years the number of dental
students has increased from 1195 to
5347 while the number of law students
is nearly doubled Dr Miller who
compiled the report says the probable
reason for this is that when young men
begin professional study they are not
satisfied with the old fashioned desul
tory instruction of a private office but
sdek a school where instruction is
given systematically and they receive
fresh Inspiration by mingling with
others engaged in the same pursuit
Busy Worlc in Number
How many pupils in the school room
If there were ten more how many
would there be If there were eight
fewer
How many panes of glass in one win
dow How many in all the windows
Write the name of the month How
many days in the month How many
days in the last month How many
in next month
How inany hours in a day In two
days
Draw five lines across the slate and
draw five more lines across them How
many blocks on your slate
How many children in the row you
sit in How many feet have you all
How many fingers How many noses
There are seven bones in each of
3our fingers and two in your thumb
How many bones have you in one
hand In both hands
Draw a clock on your slates How
many numbers on its face In how
many ways can you write the num
bers Make the hands say 4 oclock
Make them say noon Midnight Six
oclock
How many meals do you eat in onej
day How many in three How many
in a week
How many Sundays in this month I
How many days not coming on Sun
days How many school days
How old are you How old will you
be in 1S9S In 1901
How many eggs in a dozen In three
dozen What is the difference between
two dozen and a half dozen
Some Useful Exercises
Write the words of your last read
ing lesson in columns making four
columns Arrange the words of your
last reading lesson alphabetically that
is copy first those words which begin
with a then with b ana so on Ar
range the words of your last reading
lesson in columns placing in the first
columns words of one syllable in the
second words of two syllables and Su
on Arrange the words of your last
reading lesson in columns placing in
the first words of two letters and in
the second words of three letters and
so on Copy from your reading lesson
all the name words Write on your
slate the number of lines in your read
ing lesson Write on jour slate the
number of periods in your reading les
son the number of commas of ques
tion niarks of semicolons of hjiphens
of apostrophes
Corporal Punishment
The sentiment against corporal pun
ishment is now so prevalent and so
strong that no teacher should permit
himself to use the prerogatives with
which lie is invested even by a very
cautious school system except in ex
tremely aggravated cases There are
doubtless instances of notorious incor
rigibility in which a teacher would be
wholly justified in severely punishing
the offenders yet even in such cases
there are generally other means at the
disposal of the teacher by which ha
may avoid accidental injury or unin
tended severity If it is true that cor
poral punishment may sometimes be
justified it is equally true that it may
at all times be avoided Kansas City
Journal
Lljrhtins of Schools
Kentucky is the only State which reg
ulates at all by legislation the lighting
of school buildings and which guards
against overcrowding by specifying
that the seats shall fit the children
Brooklyn is the only city in the United
States where the school board has
rules that the pupils seats shall not
face the light
City cnperintendenta
In the number of city superintend
ents of public instruction New York
State leads with 88 Pennsylvania has
82 and Ohio 69 Massachusetts comes
next with 54 Illinois has 48 Michigan
88 Indiana 37 Wisconsin 35 New
Jersey 30 Missouri 29 Connecticut
and Iowa 23 Texas 22 and other
States have less than 20
A Good Iaw
To guard against frequent changes of
school books without good reason an
Ohio law provides that books after be
ing adopted cannot be changed for five
years without the consent of three
fourths of all the members of the school
board given by formal action at a
ular meeting
Peculiar Features of Mexico
From the top of the cathedral spire
in Mexico you can see the entire city
and the most striking feature of the
view Is the absence of chimneys There
Is not a chimney in all Mexico not a
gate nor a stove nor a furnace All
the cooking is done with charcoal in
Dutch ovens and while the gas Is
sometimes offensive one soon becomes
used to it
The most skillful of all pianists was
Liszt When learning his profession he
was accustomed to practice scales and
exercises for ten hours a day It is said
that he practiced thus in private for ten
years
Vaccination as a preventive of small
pox Is said to have been practiced in
China 1000 B 0 It was Introduced in
to England by Lady Wortley Montagus
in 1721
AGRICULTUJAL NEWS
THINGS PERTAINING TO
FARM AMD HOME
THE
The Winter Season a Good Time to
Rebuild Fences formers Advised
to Stick to the Farm Procuring the
Winter Fuel Storinc Potatoes
Remake the Old Fence
There are many farms bearing old
rail fencesthat their owners have felt
for years wcrfild be better torn down
and rebuiltupon the same or other loca
tion says Rural World They have
been built upon and added to until they
contain at least enough good rails to
construct a good straight fence The
undertaking is not a big one and when
It is finished the satisfaction of seeing
the neat newly constructed fence in
addition to the firewood will repay the
farmer for time and new wire There
is no more favorable time than just
after the ground has frozen and before
snow comes A pair of bobsleighs can
be used even if there is no snow when
the site of the new fence is to be some
where else than that of the present one
If the ground should be too much froz
en to break the crust to set the stakes
or posts everything can be got in readi
ness to rebuild in the spring and that
will be found a great advantage when
the building time comes The sorting
of the rails cutting and sharpening
stakes or preparing posts and sawing
up the done fence timber into fire
wood can all be finished in the slack
season and the putting up of the fence
will be as nothing in the spring before
seeding operations commence when
the ground will be so soft that the
stakes can all be driven with a sledge
hammer If possible do not put this
work off The commencement of such
jobs that have stared one in the face
for years probably is more than half
the undertaking The old snake fence
is an eyesore and a harbor for rubbish
and weeds while the new straight one
will save land and give the farm a tidy
Drosperous appearance
Stick to the Farm
History proves that prosperity has al
ways followed times of great depres
sion and history will repeat itself No
matter what comes let us stick to the
fqrm We may work a few years for
nothing but what matters it so long as
we retain in our possession the old
farmhouse We shall not always re
main at the bottom of the wheel In
time matters will adjust themselves
Then let us have a firmer determina
tion than ever to know the details of
our business and make the coming
year conspicuous for having made prog
ress in reducing the cost of production
the curtailment of unnecessary ex
penses and above all let us never for
get that ours is one of the noblest call
ings given to men and the little spot
of ground we occupy is part of Gods
green earth and let us manfully and
hopefully till and care for it that those
who shall succeed us may point with
pride to the work of our hands New
York Tribune
The Winter Fuel
Every farmer who burns wood even
partially for heating and cooking
should as early in the winter as pos
sible cut and pile enough wood to last
a whole year This will save many
complaints during the summer and be
much easier done now than in warm
weather Besides dry wood burns
without the waste of heat always lost
in turning its sap into steam When
using green wood chips and small
limbs will dr3 out more quickly than
will the body of the tree especially if
the small limbs are split
Storing Potatoes
Strictly speaking no one should si ore
potatoes in the house cellar But as
hundreds of thousands do every year
and will continue to do so a word may
not prove amiss First potatoes should
be sorted while in the field It saves
the housewife much work saves stor
age room and the work of extra han
dling Potatoes for the cellar are best
barreled as thej are then movable
when the accidents of time bring frost
or water Above all they should be
kept dark Canvas sacks make good
curtains to set off a portion of the
j lar and also good covers for the bar
rels Light will rain the flavor and
half light will cause them to sprout
Best Food for Ponltry
The very best use of shrunken wheat
some of which will be found in every
crop is as food for poultry The grain
being shrunken is deficient in starch
but it has all the greater proportion of
gluten which is the chief element of
the egg while the outside husk or
i bran is rich in phosphate which helps
j to make the eggshell The poultry
dealer can usually buy shrunken wheat
at a lower price than the perfect grain
while for feeding fowl it is really better
for being shrunken Germantown Tel
egraph
Apples for Cows
I do not think there is any better food
for milch cows than ripe sound apples
I am aware that the prevalent opinion
is that apples have a tendency to make
cows sick and dry them up As con-
j firmatory of this I have heard of nu
merous instances where cows have
broken into orchards and eaten their
fill of apples and have been made sick
and in a few instances have died as the
result I also knew a case where a
man ate an unreasonable quantity of
baked beans and it killed him Now
the one case no more proves that ripe
apples are not good cow food than that
baked beans are not good human food
The proper way to feed apples to cows
i Is to have them ripe and sound Green
or rotten apples are not good food for
anything The cows should never re
given a full feed of them at first or
given them on an empt rin km At
the first the cow should have no more
tlian two or three quarts once a day
Rural New Yorker
The Cow to the Acre Plnn
Can the dairy be made to pay We
believe It can but it must be dene on
the cow to the acre plan better and
fewer cows better and more feed to the
acre and cows better looked after
There are men making money to day
from their dairies How are tluv doing
it Condensed dairying As fast as
cows are demonstrated not to be mak
ing a profit they go the way that all
poor things should and leave their food
to the cow that hath from two to five
talents already It does not pny nor
did it ever to feed a cow 20 worth of
food to get 15 worth of milk let alone
her drying off soon after the county
fair let the time of year be what it
may Think this matter over An acre
of corn fodder another of oats ami a
third of mixed crops will keep two
cows a year Can corn oats and the
like be as well sold as to a good cow
her produce sold and the fertility re
turned to the farm Cor Practical
Farmer
Some Good Ideas
Judging from the enormous produc
tiveness of our common field corn if
anyone should ask me what is best to
grow to fill a silo 1 would say the best
thing to grow is corn The second best
Is corn and the third choice in the sec
tion would be com Like the cow ev
ery part of it is useful and it is a forage
crop the lazy mans crop the ignorant
mans friend On hillside or valley it
brings a profitable return It will do
well with half a chance even on a hard
seed bed or with roots torn and bleed
ing it is a great forager and when
nursed it responds with great possibili
ties We have only half appreciated its
wealth of helpfulness in the past The
silo and fodder machinery are giving a
double value to it with a meaning of a
large profit on our seasons effort E C
Chestnut
The American chestnut has the sweet
est kernel but is smaller and tb
trees must be some fifteen or more
years from the seed before they bear
The Eiiropeiin or Spanish chestnut has
nuts nearly double the size of the Amer
ican but tamer in flavor But the
seed will bear at about ten jears from
the seed The dwarf Chinquapin Chest
nut will often bear the second or third
year from seed but the nuts are so
small that they are not in general use
The Japan chestnut is a comparative
dwarf though a stronger grower than
the American Chiquepin but the nuts
are as large as the European chestnut
with about the same taste Like the
Ghinquepin they bear early But all
the kinds bear early when gnif ted from
bearing trees Medians Monthly
The Advantages of Sheep
They are profitable
Thej weaken the soil least and
strengthen it most
They are enemies weedH vMt
The care they need is required when
other farm operations are slack
The amount of investment need not
be large
The returns are quick and many
They are the quietest and easiest
handled of all farm stock
Other farm products are made more
largely from cash grains while those
from the sheep are made principally
from pasture
There is no other product of the farm
that has fluctuated so slightly in value
as good mutton
B3 comparison wool costs nothing
for do not the horses and cow in shed
ding their coats waste what the sheep
saves
Working Bntter
The object of working batter is to rid
it of the surplus moisture to distrib
ute the salt and to unite the granules
and give the butter consistency tind it
should not have any more chan will ac
complish this One of the advantages
of salting in the churn and allowing
the butter to stand until the salt w
wholly dissolved is that much working
is not required as the butter only re
quires to be worked until the color iss
uniform or when the streaks caused
by the salt disappear
Killing White Grub Worms
Meadow lands infested with white
grubs should be plowed and thorough-
ly cultivated in the fall then planted
to some crop that requires thorough
cultivation the next season The- fall
cultivation will destroy many of the
insects which are then in a very ten
der stage in little earthen cells in- the
ground and the thorough and frequent
cultivation of the following crop- will
soon discourage the grabs Rural New
Yorker
Poultry Tard
Broilers shrink about a- half pound
each when dressed
Ducks average ten dozen eggs iw
about seven months laying
Forty dressed ducklings are- packed
in a barrel for shipment
Feed chickens frequently but only
what they will partake of with keen
relish Never surfeit them unless at
tire last feed in the evening then they
may be allowed eo have about all they
want
Look to the chicken house windows
for a draught is deadly This ques
tion of proper distribution of air is an
important one Let the houses be open
every sunny day Keep thena cosy
clean and comfortable and the reward1
will surely follow
The fowls comb is an indicator of
good or ill health and can always boi
relied on A full bright red comb d
notes health a withered faded or
black comb is a sure sign that the fow
is sick The hen that lays the most
eggs in a year is always the one witj
the large bright red comb