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II
NOTES ON EDUCATION
MATTERS OF INTEREST TO PU
PIL AND TEACHER
Tiie Conscientious Teacher Must Look
5JJeyond the Real to the Ideal Qccn
ipations for the Primary
News and Notes
The Invisible in Teaching
The teacher must look beyond the
Teal to the ideal He must be governed
as largely by the invisible as by the
Ivisible The things that are seen are
itransient the things that are unseen
may be permanent
Only he who has correct ideals can
9 reach or even approach the best The
teacher looks to the development of
character an ideal thing He uses the
subjects of study and other school in
strumentalities as means for securing
development of mind strength of char
acter and culture of taste and judg
ment He is able to see ia the crude be
jginnings of life the possibility of a
-noble manhood The unruly boy may
seem to care nothing for the higher
ddeals and may seem to be in
sensible to appeals to worthy motive
iyet the teacher looks through the dross
of his nature and sees possibly the ele
ments of a good man the man of char
acter and stability He does not yield
to the suggestions which would lead to
Jthe abandonment of all hope for real
good Possibly what seem to be evil
elements of character may be turned to
rgood may be transformed into ele
Onents of great -power and value as di
recting and governing forces
That teacher fails who does not test
his work by the standards of genuine
success in the real work of life He
looks at the effect which his means and
iinethods will have upon the pupils
iideals of life and he looks also at the
influence which they will have on ma
nure life In a sense the teacher lives
jin the future in that he subordinates
all things of the present to the effect
to realize the best for the pupil in his
developed character He may frequent
ly ask Do these methods of instruction
and government and these branches of
study prophesy the well being of the
pupil in the future The demands of
business life and the demands of pro
fessional life may properly influence
the ideals of the teacher and assist in
shaping the ends toward which the
school is directed Schoolroom work
should prepare f on life work by the de
velopment of medals and the exercise
of powers which give skill and ability
The pupil should be put in touch with
life forces and drilled in methods
which give strength and efficiency
- The teacher then looks outward He
3s to meet the preparation of his pupils
ifor their future work The school must
iiot only keep in 4ibuch with- the move
ments of the present and be prepared
jfor its demands but it must also look
intorthe future and by following out
the prophecy of the present Tie pre-
pared for the development of the fu
ture The teacher and the school must
-adjust themselves to the accomplish
ment of ends which the signs of the
present seem to suggest There is such
-a thing as the correlation of the school
to the demands of society and state
and this is one of the duties resting
upon educators The teacher who
would serve the generations must look
forward as well as backward must
plan for results which must follow in
fluences born in the present and the
past The past and the present in edu
cation must be known in order to a
just estimate of probable results for
the future There are thus invisible
Ideals which must stimulate the teacher
and engage his best thoughts and most
holy aspirations If he will but wisely
act in the living present the future
will be filled with richer results Mis
souri School Journal
Occupations for Primary Booms
Each recitation or class exercise
where the child comes into direct con
tact with the teacher should be fol
lowed by some occupation which is the
direct outgrowth of that lesson an op
portunity to give expression to the
gained in the class Too many
teachers are satisfied if this thought is
expressed in written language and
-often the children spend more time in
writing than is really good for them
The child like the adult needs to
objectify his thoughts much of his
thinking needs more than the oral or
written f orm to make It complete In
the primary school we may give the
child this opportunity for expression
through drawing upon the blackboard
modeling in clay constructing with
blocks and splints cutting forms from
paper using number by measuring and
comparing and outlining forms with
sticks or lentils
Another phase of desk occupation is
that which is done in preparation for
the class exercise an important ele
ment in this part of the work is imme
diate use the feeling on his part that
the piece of work on hand is being done
because it is to help in the lesson far
ther on adds an element of interest
wnich soon rises to enthusiasm if pro
perly directed by the teacher
Suppose the class is studying
for such study sugar salt
iand alum will be observed and meas
ured for this small boxes of definite
size will be needed If the children
make these boxes themselves there is
an added Interest because of the respon
sibility placed upon each child in mak
ing ready for the lesson
For these boxes he will need a lead
-pencil foot rule pair of scissors
la paper medium weight and a few
drops of mucilage or paste
Directions for box holding a cubic
inch Draw and cut a three inch
square one inch from each corner
make a point connect each point to one
-ion opposite edge wiVa a line Fold each
asldo toward the center on tbis line
B3c2eEKs33Brser
crease well On each side cut througn
the line to point where two lines cross
lap the corner squares and paste Shal
low boxes previously made by the chil
dren will serve for paste cups A tooth
pick answers for the brush
Four or six inch squares may be
drawn and cut by the children and
then folded into envelopes these will
be found useful in preserving material
which they use in observation lessons
In science
The telling of stories from history
and choice literature has come to be
an important part of the work in every
good primary school but this story
telling falls short of its purpose if we
fail to give the child an opportunity to
tell it back to us One of his best
means of expression for the Story work
is the blackboard drawing This gives
him a chance to do and dare such as he
could not feel if he were to attempt ex
pression with a pencil or through
speech even His pictures may look
crude to the casual observer but the
sympathetic teacher is abie to interpret
each stroke of his crayon To vary this
drawing give each child the privilege of
picturing a story of his own choosing
Note the excellent oral language work
that is sure to come as each one ex
plains to his schoolmates what his pic
ture stands for
Children love to work their enthusi
asm tiixd intellect are easily aroused
and it must be some fault of ours when
we are obliged to hire or punish in order
to keep tliem legitimately occupied
Primary Education
Teaching the Alphabet
The easiest and most direct means of
teaching the letters of the alphabet is
by causing the pupil to print words
for to print words is to break it up into
the elements letters and from the
formation of these elements to the
learning of their name the step is di
rect and easy It is often said and no
doubt with much truth that by means
of printing the child will learn the
names of the letters almost unconsci
ously but here as in the learning of
words the teacher should furnish sys
tematic help As these names are pure
ly arbitrary they must be learned on
mere authority Educational Record
Duties of Citizenship
The thing we have the most to fear
writes Dr Parkhurst in an article on
The Young Man as a Citizen in the
Ladies Home Journal is not the de
pravity and the criminality that are
rampant but the decency that is lan
guid and the respectability that is in
different and that will go junketing
when a State is on the edge of a crisis
or go fishing on a day when the city is
having its destiny determined for it at
the polls Would that there could be
some legislative enactment by which
every reputable traitor of the sort
could be denaturalized and branded
with some stigma of civic outlawry
that should extinguish him as an Amer
ican and cancel his kinship with Colum
bus Fourth of July and My Country
tis of thee I speak with full assur
ance when I say for instance in re
gard to the city of New York that there
is no single moral issue capable of be
ing raised in regard to its administra
tion where the great preponderance of
sentiment would not be found to be on
the side of honesty as against corrup
tion provided only that sentiment were
sufficiently resolute and alert to come
forward and declare itself The pur
pose of a campaign under such circum
stances is not to convince people of
what is right but to stimulate to the
point of action those who are already
convinced That was the entire scoplT
of the rather notable campaign in New
York City in 1894
A Useful ElepTiant
A few years ago when Lord Dufferin
was viceroy of India the Rajah of
Holkar paid the viceroy a visit While
he was there he saw Lord Dufferin
take up some illustrated London papers
which had just arrived by mail and cut
them with an ivory paper knife It
was the first time the Indian prince
had seen such an instrument used
Make me a present of that he said
to the viceroy and I will give you
another Lord Dufferin hastened to
comply with this modest request and
the young Rajah returned to his coun
try Not long after he returned to Cal
cutta bringing with him a young ele
phant whose tusks had been carved in
the most artistic manner in the shape
of a paper knife This he brought as
a present to the viceroy A table bear
ing some illustrated papers was placed
by a servant before the intelligent
beast who immediately seized them
with his trunk cut them most deftly
with his tusks and then handed them
to the viceroy
The Regret of His Iiifei
Sir William Grove the eminent scien
tist and jurist who died in London
this month never forgave himself for
not discovering the spectroscope I
had often observed he said that
there were different lines exhibited in
the speqtra of different metals ignited
in the Voiiaic arc and if I had had any
reasonable amount of wit I ought to
have seen the converse viz that by ig
nition different bodies show in their
spectral lines the materials of which
they are composed
Boston University has bought the
empty Mount Yernon Congregational
Church its former tenants having
quarters in a fine stone house upon the
Back Bay The university proposes
to locate its School of Law in the old
church made into something else Hen
ry F Durant the founder of Welles
ley College is said to have worshiped
at Mount Yernon Church and it was
Moodys old spiritual home
There are six American colleges in the
Turkish Empire with twelve hundred
students Seventy students are in train
ins for the ministry
THANK BYAN FOR ONE THING HE HAS SLAIN THE HIGH TARIFF BUGABOO
r -
LET NO ONE BE SCARED
As the Hanna syndicate unfolds its
campaign tactics it is becoming more
and more clear that attempts to bull
doze the working people into support
ing McKinley are to be resorted to in
all the cities in the hope that in this
way the defection of the farmers from
the Republican party can be counter
acted The failure of every small man
ufacturer and trader who has for years
been dependent on borrowed capital
is ascribed to the Democratic declara
tion in favor of the resumption of the
coinage of silver dollars and the threat
is boldly made that if Bryan is elected
there will be such a shut down of misi
ness to which the present experiments
in the same direction will be merely as
a zephyr is to a cyclone
The fears of the workers in shops and
factories are to be excited so that their
votes will be cast against those of the
workers on farms This is the game of
the gang which has put forth McKinley
as its candidate for the Presidency
and it is to be played with a reckless
ness that is commensurate with the
enormous stakes at issue It is a mat
ter of win or lose for the monopolies
and trusts fostered by the Republican
party in the past They know that if
they are beaten on the platform adopt
ed by the Democrats at Chicago and by
so straightforward courageous and
able a man as William Jennings Bryan
they and their schemes are done fox
not only for this but for all time
Throughout the country the same tac
tics are being employed The farmer
who has heretofore cast his ballot for
the Republicans because the latter de
luded him into the belief that he was
being protected has come to his
senses everywhere and is not to be
fooled any longer He is going to vote
against the capitalistic and monopol
istic party which is responsible for all
the trusts syndicates and combinations
which have and are still robbing him
Hence the workingman has to be looked
to for support for the millionaire ticket
and with the natural tyrannical in
stinct of the employer threats of idle
ness and starvation are hurled freely
about
Democratic and Republican working
men ought not to be frightened by
these vile tactics to influence their polit
ical action The men who employ them
would be fellow sufferers if they un
dertook to do what they talk of doing
They can no more afford to have their
machinery remain idle than this nation
can afford to have England and other
European powers dictate its policy on
financial or economical matters
The employers of labor are undoubt
edly anxious to keep down the amount
of money in circulation for the fewer
the dollars to be had the lower the scale
of wages can be kept while the things
that the people must buy can be sold
at any price the monopolists choose to
put on them Every workingman is
interested in getting as much for his
labor as he can and the capitalists ad
vantage lies in preventing him from do
ing this Let no one therefore be
scared by this talk that industry will be
paralyzed if Bryan is elected It is only
the bluff of a man who is either a will
ing or an ignorant tool of the million
aires who want to run this Government
absolutely and without disguise New
York News
Call for Subscriptions
In response to the appeal recently
fssued by Chairman Jones of the Dem
ocratic national committee for popular
subscriptions to the campaign fund
many contributions are now being re
ceived by Treasurer St John at the
New York headquarters In order to
systematize this work Chairman Jones
asks all weekly and daily papers in
the United States that are favorable
to the election of Mr Bryan and the
restoration of silver to its constitu
tional use as money to start popular
subscriptions in their respective pub
lications
Such editors are authorized by the
Democratic national committee to act
as collecting agents for the campaign
fund and are urged to publish from
week to week the names of contributors
and the amounts subscribed and to
forward the same to William P St
John treasurer national Democratic
committee Hotel Bartholdi New York
city The Kansas City World has al
ready raised 400 in this manner and
there is every reason to believe that a
general appeal will prove popular and
successful The Press Bureau desires
a comprehensive exchange list and all
editors of Democratic and free silver
papers are urged to mail the same to
F U Adams secretary Democratic
Press Bureau Auditorium Annex Chi
cago 111
Validity of Gold Contracts
The declaration in the Chicago plat
form We favor such legislation as
will prevent for the future the demon
etization of any kind of legal tender
money by private contract is in some
quarters declared to be a demand for
unconstitutional legislation by Con
gress
A little more careful reading of the
Federal Constitution will correct that
impression It is the States that are
prohibited from passing any law im
pairing the obligation of a contract
and not the Federal Government There
is apparently no constitutional impedi
ment to the enactment of a law by Con
gress by which all contracts calling
forth payment of money may not be
declared to be discharged by the ten
der of what Government declares to be
lawful money In other words the road
is clear should the necessity arise for
a law declaring gold contracts unlaw
ful
It is true that in the absence of such
Federal legislation the decisions of the
Supreme Court of the United States
have upheld contracts for payments in
coin as it would uphold contracts for
the delivery of any specific commodity
It has upheld the California Specific
Contract law and declared it not to be
in conflict with the greenback law
The power of Congress however has
never been tested by an exercise in the
direction pointed out by the Chicago
resolution It is very probable that if
the determination of the speculative
classes to disturb the financial world
whenever they cannot control it be per
sisted in it may become necessary for
Congress to interefere in the interest
of the great mass of our people If pub
lic attention shall be sufficiently direct
ed to this point the question of the
duty of Congress in the matter may
possibly enter into the Congressional
elections this coming fall New York
Mercury
For the 999
It is safe to assert that among Amer
icas entire population not one man in
a thousand handles a gold dollar dur
ing the course of the year If the gold
standard meets the needs of America
then gold ought to be in general circu
lation The fact that it is seldom or
never seen bjr the masses shows that
as political issue it benefits one whero
it oppresses 999 Free silver is the
issue which meets the needs of the 999
The gold standard has been tested for
many years It cannot mean pros
perity or else the country would be
overflowing with the latter What it
has not done after a test of many years
it cannot do in the next four The sen
sible man will therefore dismiss all
the arguments of the advocates of the
gold standard as upset by the light of
experience Let us no longer stick to
the policy which benefits but 1 in 1000
It is time now to give the other 999 a
show
Taking a New Tack
Quite a number of the McKinley or
gans are now repeating with great
gusto the false story that William J
Bryan the Democratic candidate for
President has for several years past
been the paid agent of certain silver
mine owners at an annual salary of
6000 And yet when Mr Bryans
nomination dazed these same McKinley
organs in their desperation to find
some method of attack they alluded
to him as the Pauper Candidate
meaning thereby that he was a poverty
stricken hanger on in politics
According to Republican construc
tion a man who receives the sum of
G000 a year is fit only for the poor
house and unworthy of notice This
sort of logic will be apt to strike the
masses who toil for small wages as a
gratuitous and reckless insult If Bry
an is a pauper then America is filled
with them and it is their votes which
are going to settle the contest of 1S9G
Some Campaign Jollities
While many men possess the ability
to fire out a string of words the real
orator is few and far between The
present campaign is making this very
conspicuous Denied the use of their
threadbare tariff assertions those who
mount the stump for McKinley floun
der around helplessly upon the question
of finance and the result is that most
of them present very absurd figures
In a recent Republican meeting at
South Haven Mich an orator is credit
ed with saying The success of free
silver would consign the nation to a
voyage over the dark and fathomless
sea of uncertainty without a com
pass or chart in a boat of stone with
sails of lead Gods wrath for a breeze
and perdition for a port And this is
the sort of argument which is expected
to convert people to the belief that put
ting the control of Americas finances
in the hands of the few gold men will
bring prosperity to the masses
Truth and Common Sense
We will say that there was a good
deal of truth and common sense in his
remarks He did not indulge in slurs
or abusive epithets in referring to the
sound money men but treated them
with far more courtesy than he has re
ceived from a good many of them
Hartford Journal
HON J K JONES CHAIRMAN NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC COMMITTEE
IDYLLIC LIFE IN JAPAN
Dainty iattlc Houses Sot in a Rustle
Glen
There is an isolated aristocratic quar
ter of the village In the ravine behind
the temple inhabited by priests and su
perior folk and the far ravine holds the
Momiji or Maple leaf Tea house
most bewitching cluster of doll houses
In the most picturesque setting ever
found in Japan There is the usual
large living room or office of the land
lord and a general food preparing
room for the establishment opening on
the roadway but within the gates one
finds a deep green glen an awful
chasm some fifteen feet deep and twice
as wide all filled with delicate airv
branches of cut leaf maples A terri
ble torrent some two feet wide dashes
madly down from the mountain sids
S reads out into a lake the size of a
large dinner table with a wooden sauco
boat moored at one side
Each vantage spot on the steep banK
holds a one two or three roomed doll
house such dainty exquisite little toy
dwellings with such fairy balconies
such spotless screens and soft shining
mats that one hesitates to desecrate
them with the clumsy defiling destruc
tive appurtenances of the simplest for
eign living and as for himself fitting
into one of these midget mansions in
is Gulliver alive among the Lilliputians
Our life in that glen of maple leaves
was full of interest from the moment-
of slipping back the screens in the
r
imno on an excursion Summoned in
see if all was right we found the paKJa
uncooked chicken dismembered to the
last joint but the whole puzzle bad
Deen neatly put together again and the
bird wound over and over with the
closest network of fine spool cotton a
strange travesty on that Gulliver to
whom we were always comparing our
selves Century
tate Tomatoes Often Pay
While the very earliest tomatoes al
ways bring the highest prices these do
not continue long and the glutted sea
son begius when the crop in years of
plenty can hardly be given away We
have often found a ready sale late in
the season for tomatoes for pickling at
better prices than the best ripened
would bring a few weeks previous The
advantage bf this late crop is that the
green tomatoes are even more salable
than the ripe ones It is always cus
tomary to wait until late in making
picilv After the hottest weather is
pasythe pickles keep better
i Turnips Amonsr Potatoes
If the potatoes are not to be dug with
h machine turnips can be grown among
them with profit and generally with
better advantage than among corn
Iotato tops die down before frost in
jures the corn and after the potatoes
die the turnips bave all the plant food
to themselves But there is another ad
Tantage the stirring of the soil re
quired in hand digging the potatoes de
velops plant food and kills many weeds f
besides removing some of the surplus
tornips and giving those which remain
a better chance to remain
morning with some anxiety lest the
mite of a glen and its midget lake were
not there or real rolled up over night
and some other charming Japanese drop
curtain put in its place to the last
panging of the amados or wooden outer
screens at night
The deer were friends and neighbors
from the moment of our arrival coming
to drink from the musical fountain jet
in our three-feet-square court of en
trance and then to the edge of our
porch to bob their heads in well-mannered
appeals for deer cake These
pretty beggars with their lovely eyes
their sharp muzzles and delicate feet
seemed to know the value of their
charms and having no fear of man
had only to pose a few moments to move
the stoniest and most indolent heart
to wait on them It was even more
idyllic in the early morning to find
some antlered friend or an equally
tearless doe and her tiny fawn waiting
by the lakeside to share our breakfast
After Miyajima one may well boast
of having lived in Arcadia and each
day more idyllic than the other puts
one in the better spirit for enjoying the
rare Japanese charm of it all The
peace of the island is as perfect as its
piety and few sounds but the gently
dashing stream and the flutter of ma
ple leaves disturbed our enchanted lit
tle glen One spoke softly as befitted
a place of such perfect beauty Neigh
bors came to the doll houses across the
chasm but only the rat tat of their
pipes on the bamboo cups of the tobacco
trays was evidence of their presencr
v
there -
In that simple intimate life there v
were no mysteries not even of the
menu All the villagers who passed
might stop and watch our cook making
his highly colored curry for our midday
meal and the peddlers who came to
tempt the tea house maids with gay
kimono patterns watched his strange
concoctions and sought pretexts to
watch our further play with the knife
and fork as we sat at feast on our lit
tle veranda over the lake The small
boy of the tea house added the comic
element and his morning pursuit of
our dinner chicken was always a fea
ture He would chase the angry hen
around and around the lake and when
it fled cackling up the bank a swift
movement of his palm across the lake
would spurt such showers of water on
the ruffled fowl as might soon empty
the whole vast deep and rob the ra
vine of its choicest landscape ornament
When the tea house staff had combined
against the hen our majordomo would J j
bring the captive to us in his arms and
display the fine stew chicken
There was a solidity and an adaman
tine fibre to the Miyajima fowls that
resisted ordinary cooking and we com
manded one day that the bird should
oe divided at every joint the body quar
tered and all kept stewing for three
hours during which we expected to be
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