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G LDS INTRINSIC VALUE
gold mon are always full of
THE intrinsic value of gold and
rhat by some mysterious law of
nature in the adjustment of her mineral
depositsgoldi s endowed with the occult
power of infallibility and like the in
finite never changes
A friend has sent us a pointer that
has been generally overlooked that ex
plains the whole matter one that very
careful silver men have overlooked
In Ilorrs debate with Harvey he fairly
howled over this fact attributing the
istable value of gold to the uniform cost
of mining it Elaborate calculations
have been made to show that it costs
more to mine silver dollar for dollar
than gold a lact well proved and
thus an answer to that argument satis
factorily afforded
But here is the real cause England is
the pioneer gold government and has
very effectively provided herself with
the means to maintain a supply The
Bank of England is the real treasury
of the British empire and as gold is
made the ultimate money of redemption
or the sole primary money provision
is made for a fixed value and full sup
ply Thus by law or by its charter
the Bank of England is required to
purchase all gold bullion all light
weight gold coin and all foreign gold
jeoiu presented at the bank at the lixed
irate or value of 3 17s id per ounce
j or in our money 1802 As the Bank
of England is the great clearing house
Jof the world and the financial institu
tion of the Brilish empire this fixes the
jrice of gold permanently for the world
iThe only variation in price is that of
exchange or shipment Anyone can
now readily understand why gold
shipments from America are sometimes
active and sometimes suspended It is
the difference in exchange from 1S92
per ounce at the Bank of England and
it he exchange in Wall street Thus dis
appears at once the gigantic fog bank
of intrinsic value It makes of gold
absolute fiat money and gives England
the controlling advantage over all
other countries in the supply of gold
for it is only at the Bank of England
thai gold purchased at a fixed rate is
made compulsory It is only another
evidence of the slavery of the United
States treasury to the institution of
Thrcadneedle street and emphasizes
till more the crime of our present finan
cial policy
The reader can verify these facts
by using the authorities now before
us as we write which are Chambers
Cyclopedia Edinburgh edition of 1S84
volume I page 067 Encyclopedia
Britannica American edition of 18S4
volume XVI page 507 article on
Mint It shows as conclusively as
cause and effect that all this gold cru
Sade and its consequences are brought
about and are based on English legis
lation How long will the people of
America submit to this gold policy that
makes even the metal itself gravitate
jto its control and use by the money
lenders of London No wonder as Mr
Gladstone remarked that England
would still control the finances of the
world if London only stood firm
Daiijer Point Is Near
The United States is the only nation
en earth rhat has bound itself to gold
It is the only country that suffers com
mercial depression or enjoys prosperity
with the ebb and flow of gold If when
Igold leaves this country and goes to
England Uncle Sam suffers John Bull
must enjoy a corresponding benefit On
the other hand when the yellow coin
Hows this way The British lion must
howl with grief and the American eagle
scream with delight
Every student of finance knows these
to be the facts Now as a proposition
of international policy surely nothing
could well be more absurd ITunnmity
aud justice require that national pros
perity on thisside of the Atlantic should
not be maintained at the expense of na
tional depression and calamity on the
ocher side The same rule is equally
good when reversed It is evident that
there is not enough gold to supply the
wants of Europe and America at the
same time and that what there is is
kept swinging to and fro across the At
lantic doing double duty
Cleveland has had enough of this and
has long since come to the conclusion
that our national gold reserve or the
necessity for it must be abolished by
retiriug the greenbacks Congress will
no doubt be confronted with this prop
osition And what then That move
ment if carried out will wipe out most
of the nations credit money and furth
er contract the volume of currency in
this country Silver will remain as
credit money but as long as It occupies
Ithat position nobody vrlll want it and
besides it will continue to depreciate
commercially and have no force as a
value giving metal money
All this will open the way for the as
sociated banks to take charge of the
currency legislation of the country and
ft will be found that they already have
a scheme to supplement the retirement
of the greenbacks which will put the
banks in control The danger point is
close at hand
The Flood of Gold
If there is going to be such a flood of
50M as the nionometallisfcs talk about
why is it that they are scared into fits
over the growth of the silver senti
ment
They say that recent discoveries have j
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made it certain that the output of the
gold mines in the next few years will
surpass anything that the world has
ever known They are sure that Cali
fornia and Colorado will each produce
20000000 worth of the yeliow metal
next year and Alaska will produce sev
eral millions more while South Amer
ica South Africa and Australia will
come in with fabulous returns
And as though this were not enough
they talk about the gold that is within
reach though not actually in sight and
saj there is no doubt whatever that
there will soon be enough gold to do
the business of the world without the
pulling and hauling tihat is now neces
sary to get it
But if all this is so why is it that
these gold worshipers are erazily
sweeping the air in their efforts to
make people believe the world will go
do the dogs if silver is admitted to coin
age on the same terms as gold If it
is quantity that determines the price
and df the purchasing power of the met
als is in the price of the bullion and
Jiot in the coinage why not restore the
money function of silver before the de
cline in the price of gold sends the val
ue of silver to the -skies above it
The purchasing power of gold has
doubled in the last twenty years sim
ply because the increase in supply has
not kept pace with the increase in pop
ulation and business And the gold
dealers have made thousands of mill i
ions while the upward movement of the
metal has been going on Now if the
tide is to turn how are tliey to con
tinue piling up millions in their busi
ness of money shaving if they are not
on the long side of the markt and how
are rhey to be on the long side of the
market unless tliere is some kind of
money to increase in value while gold
is going down
But there is a screw loose somewhere
The monometallists take no more stock
in these mining camp yarns than other
people do That there has been a great
stimulus to the gold mining industry
everybody knows but nobody needs to
be deceived by the volumes of stuff now
being printed about if in the organs
of the gold monopolists It is a part of
the program to head off rhe silver
movement And it is a mighty cheap
kind of business
How the House Democrats Stand
The Louisville Courier Journal pre
sents a statement of the stand of the
Democratic members of the House on
the money question It sets down the
names of forty one for sound money
and fifty six for 15 to 1 silver dol
lars and seven doubtful The fol
lowing is the result of the canvass
Alabama Sound money Clarke Free
silver Stallings Harrison Robbins
Cobb Bankhead Underwood and
Wheeler
Arkansas Solid for silver McCul
loch Little MeRea Terry Dinsmore
and Neill
California Free silver Maguire
Florida Sound money Sparkman
and Cooper
Georgia Sound money Lawson and
Turner Free silver Crisp Moses Les
ter Livingston Russell Maddox Black
and Tate
Illinois The only Democrat in the
delegation Downing is for sound
money
Kentucky For sound money Hen
drick Berry Owens and MeCreary
Free silver Clardy and Kendall
Louisiana Sound money Meyer
Trice Boatner Doubtful Buck Og
den and Robertson
Maryland Sound money Miles Rusk
and Cowen
Massachusetts Fitzgerald is for
sound money
Mississippi Sound money Catchings
Free silver Allen Money Williams
Denny and Spencer Kyle doubtful
Missouri Sound money Hall Tars
ney and Cobb Free silver Dockery
and De Arm on d
New York Bartlett Walsh Miner
Cunimings Sulzer and McClellan are
for sound money None for free silver
North Carolina Woodard Shaw and
Lockhart free silver
Ohio Sorg and Layton are for sound
money None for free silver
Pennsylvania Hart and Erdman
sound money None for free silver
South Carolina Talbert Latimer
Strait and McLaurin Republicans vot
against the repeal of the Sherman act
and are counted for silver The newly
elected members Slliott Wilson and
Stokes are classed as doubtful
Tennessee Sound money Washing
ton and Patterson Free silver Mc
Millan Richardson Cox and McD ear
in on
Texas Sound money Grain and
Crowley Free silver Pendleton
nutcheson Cooper Yoakum Culber
son Bailey Abbott Bell Sayers and
Cockrell
Virginia Sound money Tyler Swan
son Turner Meredith and Tucker
Free silver Jones Ellett McKenney
and Otey
The above table shows fif ry six Demo
crats for free silver forty one for
sound money and seven doubtful To
tal 104
Of the seven doubtful judging from
their localities five may be safely
counted for free silver This would give
the free silver champions in the House
sixty one and the sound money advo
cates forty three and this estimate is
probablj as reliable as can be made
until u vote on the financial proposition
is reached
THEWAYT0VICT0EY
ORGANIZATION WILL INSURE
POPULIST SUCCESS
Push the Work with Energy and En
thusiasm There Are but Two Par-
ties the Party of the Plutocrats
and the Party of the People
The Harvest Will Come
The practical in politics is just like
the practical in everything else It
consists in doing at the right time the
one thing which should be done at that
time
A practical farmer first prepares the
ground then selects the best seed which
lie sows or plants in the best manner
then cultivates the ground and protects
the plants or growing grain then reaps
the harvest and markets the surplus
Practical politics is in many respects
like practical farming There is the
preparation of the ground which con
sists in getting political opponents to
read papers and documents Next is
the sowing of the seed placing party
Hterature and the best party arguments
before those who express a willingness
to investigate Then comes the work
of cultivation organization into party
clubs and reading circles extending in
every way possible the membership of
the party adding recruits to the num
ber already enlisted Then comes the
harvest election day when are gath
ered the fruits of the whole seasons
work
The great thing to be kept in mind is
the particular kind of work which
wants to be done right now The Pop
ulist work of preparing the ground has
been pretty well accomplished At no
time in the history of the party have
those not professing our principles been
so willing nay anxious to read and
investigate and form conclusions rela
tive to our teachings as expressed in
the Omaha platform And the seed lias
been widely scattered Reform books
and papers have been placed in the
hands of millions of readers and there
is no indication of the least abatement
of this part of the work And now
comes the work of cultivation up
rooting the weeds of prejudice super
stition error and ambition This
means party organization
Now is the time of all times to push
this part of the work with all the en
ergy and enthusiasm which can be prac
tically brought forward by individuals
as well as organizations The next
three months is worth all the rest of the
campaign for the purpose of rallying
and enlisting recruits for the Populist
army This is the one thing to do the
right thing at the right time during
the coming winter months
Pass the word along the line every
where Organize Organize Organ
ize Organize the National Industrial
Legion the recognized otlicial organ
ization of the Populist party Write
to Commander Paul Van Dervoort at
Omaha who will tell you all about it
Organize reading circles and get your
old party friends and neighbors to
reading and thinking aright regarding
the burning questions of the day Or
ganize general debating societies if you
can do no better and improve every op
portunity to push the Populist stand
ard far to the front
What does it matter if you make a
dozen converts to Populism and leave
them still swimming in the sea of old
party politics The chances are ten
to one that they will be carrying a
torchlight or wearing a monkey uni
form in some old party procession next
November unless you get them out
from among the old party goats and
into the Populist sheepfold
Open the doors of the Peoples party
and invite all honest voters to enter
and record their names in opposition
to the gold basis bond issuing English
serving policy of the two old parlies
that is fast enslaving a once free peo
ple
If they dont like our platform tell
them to come right along and help
change it when the time comes to make
a platform Besides our platform im
proves on acquaintance those like it
best who know most about it Let it
be remembered and always stated that
we are organizing the people into the
Peoples party in opposition to the plu
tocrats and the two old parties controll
ed solely by plutocrats Let it be re
membered and always stated that plat
forms and candidates are secondary
in importance to the power that makes
platforms and nominates candidates
Let it be remembered and always stilt
ed that the plutocrats the title buy
ing Congress bribing gold manipulat
ing money kings of Wall street will
write the platforms and nominate the
candidates of the two old parties and
that the people the victims of old parfy
niisrule and plutocratic oppression
will make the platforms and nominate
rhe candidates of the Peoples party
Right here is the great issue of the
coming campaign Let us put forth
every effort to impress that great cen
tral truth upon the minds of all who
come within the radius of our influence
Tliere are in fact but two parties
the party of the plutocrats and the par
ty of the people A vote next Novem
ber for either of the old parties will be
a vote for plutocracy and continued
oppression a vote for the Peoples
party will be a vote for the people a
vote for yourself and Freedom
Draw the line right there organize
on that principle challenge any man
to dispute its correctness urge all who
admit its truths or refuse to argue the
question to join you and help make a
platform and nominate candidates in
conformity and accordance with this
principle On this broad and vital
principle of opposition to plutocracy we
can organize our forces during the com
ing winter and during that time let the
platform and president makers occupy
a back seat
When the harvest time conies put in
the sickle In the meantime cultivate
and protect the growing crop Organ
ization will insure the triumph of Pop
ulism Populism is the voice of the
people Populism and prosperity Let
this be the watchword of the coming
campaign Chicago Weekly Sentinel
Will Do the Same in Other States
A Peoples party handbook issued by
the campaign committee of Nebraska
tells what the Peoples party has done
for that State The same results will
follow the election of the Peoples party
ticket in other States The reforms en
acted by a Peoples party administra
tion in Nebraska are as follows
It enacted a maximum freight law
but Republican courts suspended its
operation It cut down extravagant
appropriations but a Republican Legis
lature brought them back It brought
to light the corruption existing in State
institutions It made possible the pas
sage of the Australian ballot law It
enacted a law requiring State and
county treasurers to make all banks
give bond that handle public money
and to collect interest for the use of
such money and turn it into the public
fund The last Republican Legisla
ture sought to repeal this but the Gov
ernor sustained it It enacted a law
requiring intersecting railroads to build
transfer switches and by means of
such transfer switches ship all freight
the shortest distance to destination
but a Republican board of transporta
tion has nullified it It repealed the
special bounty given to sugar refiner
ies which was re enated by the last
Republican Legislature It enacted the
eight hour law It gave the State a
warehouse law It was instrumental
in securing the passage of a law to
have the books of all county treasurers
examined at least once every two years
It secured the passage of an anti trust
law It secured the passage of an anti
Pinkerton law It was instrumental
in having passed many other good
measures It elected the ablest United
States Senator that ever represented
Nebraska It elected the ablest and
cleanest Governor who ever occupied
the executive office of the State Under
his administration it saved the State
money by the veto of several useless
and extravagant appropriations
The Banking Evil
The banking business is an evil
Bankers are leeches on the business
body
When bankers prosper the people
mourn
Banking destroys more wealth than
any other business
The bankers produce no wealth but
rather consume it
Banks are an evil and not a neces
sary one either
Usury is a consuming fire that de
stroys everything within its reach
The banking business can only be
successful by piracy on other lines of
business
Hence the bankers must destroy
trade and business generally in order
to further his own
Such being the case the banking
business should either be abolished by
law or duly guarded by statutes
By legalizing the banking business
the people are makiug robbery lawful
and shielding the robbers behind the
statutes of the land
There is no doubt but that the peo
ple would be much more prosperous
and contented if there did not exist a
solitary bank in the land
Without banks the people could loan
their money to each other at low in
terest rates and not only would the
loaner be secure but the borrower
would be benefited
Millions of dollars are furnished by
the people to the banks in the way
of deposits to do business upon and
the depositors do not realize a cent
from it
Then the banking business is a mon
ey combine that corrupts legislatures
Congress and the administration as is
now the case and leads to national
disgrace and disaster The country is
now in the clutches of the bank com
bines and it may require a revolution
to extricate it Southern Mercury
2vo Hope for the Masses
Gen Thomas Ewing well known to
mot people as a famous general in the
Union army during the war wan re
cently interviewed in Washington and
had the following to say as to the fu
ture
As I view the situation it about
needs a foreign war to get this coun
try on a healthy basis politically and
financially If we could engage in a
conflict say with some great European
power perhaps the usurers Avould stop
sending out the countrys gold for a
Avhile For a Democrat who believes in
the ancient principles and traditions
of the party there is but little hope
The party is controlled by the gold
worshippers between whom and the
Republicans there isnt the least dif
ference of sentiment on the most vital
question of the day Mr Cleveland and
Mr Sherman stand for the same ideas
in finance The masses of the Demo
cratic party believe in the use of silver
as a money metal If that coidd come
to a square votetherois hardly a State
in the Union that wouldnt declare for
silver
But what have we to build on
Where are the Democratic leaders that
are on the side of tho people What is
tliere to enthuse voters dn the battle of
next year Both the old parties will
declare for gold only and if there were
some metal still more valuable and
scarce they would advocate that The
Republicans with better discipline and
the prestige of many recent victories
will go ahead and elect their candi
dates whose position will be just what
the shylocks ask So matters will pro
gress the gold combine continually
squeezing the treasury and the people
continuing to get power until some day
they will conclude that radical reme
dies are necessary and before we
know it perhaps the country will be in
the throes of a revolution
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W
WAGES OF THE WORLD
working people of this laud
THE free and home of the brave
are of course interested in the
wages paid to workmen in the coun
tries of the old world So uniformly
ow are those wages that they should be
a source of contentment to the people
of America who would not know how
to exist on so small a recompense for
their labor Of course living is higher
in this country than abroad but the
difference in the cost of living will not
nearly balance the difference in wages
The following facts and figures have
been carefully compiled and show the
truth of this assertion Joiners in
England receive about S51 a week A
carpenter receives a weekly average
pay of about 011 Brass founders
are paid 747 a week Calkers in the
English shipyards make about S790 a
week An English painter averages
about 8 a week Liverpool boiler
makers are paid SG3 a week Pattern
makers in the shipyards of Liverpool
receive S51 per week Liverpool ma
chinists receive a weekly average pay
of S A street car driver in London
averages 5S2 a week Brickmakers
get 7 a week carriage drivers 515
lithographers 707 cutlers 7 tailors
740 printers 717 A first class
male telegraph operator in the govern
ment service of Great Britain receive
an average of 973 a week a first class
female operator receives GS0
Coopers in England receive 750 a
week Brewers get 085 A black
smith in England by regular and con
stant work realizes about 930 a week
The employes on the Great Midland
Railway in England are paid by the
year and receive an annual increase of
wages The first year they are paid
9733 and their pay gradually rises
until in the 10th year it amounts to
S38932 English laborers taken the
country over average about 480 a
week from which they are expected to
board and clothe themselves and their
families
Sailmakers in Ireland make G9G a
week Shipwrighters in Belfast make
814 i week Upholsterers in Dub
lin make S2G a week An Irish plum
ber makes in his native country about
S75 a week and pays his assistants
2G7 Laborers in the shipyards of
north Ireland realize no more than
377 for a weeks hard work
Distillers in Victoria Australia re
ceive 975 a week Shoe makers in
New South Wales earn 9S0 a week
and in New Zealand 11G8 Jewelers
in New South Wales receive 22S0 a
week engineers receive 1350 gas
titters 1330 bakers 12G5 street car
d rivers 12 printers 1410 coopers
1290 brewers 23 confectioners
833 The very high rate of wages paid
Jiu Australia is traceable to the fact that
the country is new The cost of living
is also high
In Germany wages are even lower
than in England Tanners earn 197 a
year potters 157 boiler makers 545
a week carpenters 520 silk workers
about 14G a year The employes in
German paper mills earn 102 per an
num Glass blowers receive no more
than 155 a year Molders in the Ger
man factories average about 550 a
week Brewers are paid about 5 a
week Cutlers get 390 a week Gar
deners are paid 37S a week Litho
graphers wages amount to only 500
a week Carriage drivers get 321 a
week telegraph operators 511 coop
ers 397 book binders 420 nail
makers 312 gas litters 40S dis
tillers 355 shoemakers 3 jewelers
S521
An expert bricklayer in Berlin earns
an average of 253 per annum The av
erage mechanic in a German machine
shop will earn 250 a year In Berlin
a skillful machine maker with constant
work earns no more than 25050 per
annum A plumber in Bremen or Ham
burg by hard labor and in a favorable
season can make no more than 540
a week Pattern makers in the Ham
burg shipyards are paid G70 a week
The laborers in chemical factories in
Germany earn on the average 18S a
j ear The employes of gas and water
works in Germany earn an average of
194 a year The boss of a German
stone quarry earns about 232 per year
the ordinary laborer 187
The general rate of pay for all classes
of labor in Switzerland is a little over
half as much as is paid for the same de
scription of work in Great Britain
Book binders receive on the average
46S nail makers 204 jewelers
G35 bakers 3SS A winder in a
Swiss silk mill receives about 40 cents
a day A dyer and finisher in a silk
mill receives from 30 cents to 50 cents
a day The average wage paid in the
cotton mills is between 29 cents to 50
cents a day Swiss weavers make from
40 cents to GO cents a day by working
ten hours The reelers in the cotton
mills receive from 20 cents to 40 cents
a day according to work Unskilled
laborers in the iron works consider
themselves fortunate if they make 50
cents a day Skilled workmen receive
from 50 cents to 1 according to dex
terity and length of employment
Carriage drivers in Italy receive on
the average 2G0 a week telegraph
operators 520 gardeners S4 print
ers 460 bookbinders 3S0 nailmak
ers 320 roofers 420 cigarmakers
3 teamsters S150 cutlers 3S0 lau
ners 220 cabinet makers 340
Stevedores in Italy make about 741 a
week A plasterer in Rome receives
from 3 to 425 a week An Italian
mason makes 3 to 300 a week A
first class Italian carriage builder rc
eives about fMJ cents for a days work
A hatmaker in Venice realizes from
240 to 480 a week A stonecutter
in Genoa will receive from 3 to 3u
per week An Italian blacksmith makes
about 240 a week A shoemaker in
Rome earns from 180 to 240 a week
incur will make from 240 to 420 a
week out of which he provides his own
macaroni A wood carver receives
from 39 to GS cents per day
Carriage drivers in France are paid
482 a week gardeners 511 confec
tioners 485 jewelers G24 cigar
makers 405 teamsters 557 litho
graphers 717
A Spanish plumber by labor as hard
as his constitution will endure makes
325 a week
Chinese tea packers are content witJi
1 a week Gatherers of tea leaves In
China receive G cents a day Tea roll
ers who with their fingers roll the tea
leaves into pellets earn from 7 cents
to 10 cents a day Clerks in Chinese
stores receive about 15 cents a day
with their tea In the private schools
of China a teacher is paid about 1 cent
a day for each pupil Common Chinese
laborers can earn from 5 cents to 15
cents a day
A street waterer in Calcutta who
sprinkles the streets from a water skiu
carried on his shoulders is paid
cents a day A farm laborer in India
is fortunate if he receives 10 cents a
day or laboring from dawn uniii dark
A first class seamstress is paid from 4
to 5 per month A railroad laborer
earns from 5 cents to 10 cents a day A
railroad watchman receives about S4
a month A native switch tender gets
about 15 cents a day Indian ivory
cutters by constant work can make
3 a week
A camel driver in Persia is paid 7
a month and boards liimself
In Munich printers consider them
selves fortunate if they make S2 cents
a day
May Benefit America
It is likely that the trouble in the
ship building yards on the Clyde and
at Belfast will result in the sending of
some prospective contracts to the Unit
ed States and Germany The report
current last week that Capt McClure
will go to England as the agent of the
Chinese Government and with author
ity to enter into contract for the con
struction of ironclads gunboats and
torpedo boats is repeated The orders
it is said will extend over years and
it is understood that they are to be the
largest ever given by any power at one
time As Japan is certain to spend on
shipbuilding a large portion of the 14
000000 indemnity now lying in the
Bank of England the English firms
expect a full tide of prosperity barring
strikes The latest feature of the labor
dispute is a proposed coalition of the
Tyne shipbuilders with those of the
Clyde and Belfast The dispute does
not promise an early settlement
General Labor Notes
The A R U will take in telegraphers
St Paul trade unionists are working
for free text books
The City Council of Paris voted the
Carmoux strikers 20000 francs
A co operative glass bottle plant is
to be started at Marshland Pa
The book binders have decided to fed
erate with the printers and pressmen
The State Trades and Labor Assem
bly of Ohio meets at Columbus Jan 7
San Francisco people will appeal to
Congress to provide work for the unem
ployed
Nearly a hundred business firms in
San Francisco accept labor exchange
checks
E V Debs is said to have 2000 calls
foi speeches in various parts of the
country
Surface railroad men of New York are
organizing to correct their long and Ir
regular hours
In various cities the central bodies
have taken up the discussion of the
eight hour question
Nathan Strauss the wealthy New
York philanthropist has unionized his
large cigar manufactory
Parliament of Victoria Australia is
considering the question of nationaliz
ing the tobacco industry
The national tobacco workers label
is being generally endorsed by all un
ions Throughout the country
The Central Labor Union of Indian
apolis has decided in favor of Cuban
independence and it will ask Congress
to give an expression of American sympathy-
and aid
Charges of mismanagement of the
printers home at Colorado Springs and
ill treatment of the inmates have been
made The president of Typographi
cal Union No G of New York has been
appointed to make an investigation of
the manner in which the home is con
ducted and in a recent letter to the Un
ion Printer and Craftsman he inti
mates that the charges are untrue
The increase of membership in twen
ty unions of the leading British trades
unions during the last six years is re
ported to be Amalgamated engineers
21000 iron molders 3000 boilermak
ers 12000 shipwrights 10000 car
penters and joiners 1G000 bricklayers
140C0 shoeworkers 34000 Durham
miners 20000 Yorkshire miners 4500
Nottinghamshire miners ISOOC rail
way workers 24000 printer 5000
London printers 4000 farm laborers
4000 dock laborers 14 J9