Leakage of Water from Dam
Can Be Stopped Several Ways
I I Wf'nt M THn.-o ..,.! ,11.. ... , . . -
LINCOLN There are several
u ly.s of stopping water leakage
in a dam, but it is advisable to
lmil out how the seepage occurs
hi lore attempting to correct it.
John Steele, Extension agri
ci.t ural engineer at the Unlver
,,iy cf Nebraska, says seepage
tumid at the toe cr lower face
dt the dam Indicates water Is
, i pirn directly through the dam
i,r utuier it.
If r.o water is foundxat these
Mints, It is probably percolat
ing into a gravel or sand layer,
reck faults, or old drainage
Inns that were not closed dur
um construction. If the water
drops to a certin level and stays
Mere, the leak Is in the part
el the pond above the water line.
Maming the pond may help lo
cate the leak and make it easier
to .seal." Steele points out.
Seepage can be stopped by
puddling and compacting the
luebleni area. This can be done
liv draining the pond and .thor
oughly compacting the "seepy
area" with a sheep's foot roller.
Cattle and hogs can be used to
trample and puddle the area.
If the soil has a high percent
er, o of sand and gravel, it may
be well to blanket the pond bot
tom with a foot or two of clay
.soil.
Materials such as bentonite or
volclay also may be used to stop
seepage. These clay materials
are used for sealing earth work
and preventing water movement,
Steele points out
1 I
Bentonite can be applied by I
'.S-'wiU-frs)i-i'Kl--'iiSi
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Plattsmouth
the blanket or the sprinkle met-
noas. me blanket method con
sists of draining the area, plow
ing or disking the surface to a
depth of 4 to 6 Inches, leveling
with a drag, and spreading 1
to 2 bags of bentonite evenlv
over every 100 square feet of area
to be treated.
The bentonite should be mixed
with the top 3 cr 4 Inches of
sojl, using a disk, spike tooth
harrow, or hand rake. The area
should be rolled or tramped to
obtain the original soil den
sity. When the pond i.j filled with
water, the bentonite will swell
and seal the soil pores making
the soil water-tight.
A layer of pure bentonite also
can be spread thoroughly over
the bottom of the pond at the
rate of 1 to 2 pounds per square
foot. The sprinkle method is used
when the pond cannot be drain
ed, according to Steele. In such
cases, the bentonite is sprinkl
ed over the' top of the water or
ice.
It will sink to. the bottom,
swell and form a TH1 over the
leaky area. This method is less
dependable than the blanket,
but it is also cheaper and some
times gives good results.
It is extremely important to
keep animals out of the pond as
they will break the jelled sur
face. Still another method has been
recently developed for sealing
lAnlro In nnnln HV. I n .IKnJ In
icaiw ill jjuuua. una juciiiuu in
volves the use of polyphosphate,
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SERVICE
Phone 233
JOHN S
sodium trl-polyphosphate, or
tetra-s o d 1 u m hydrophosphate
which are non-toxic, white
granular or powder materials.
These are the same materials
commonly used in household
soaps and detergents. They may
be applied with the blanket met-
I hod mixing them into the upper
layer of soil and compacting
thoroughly.
These materials are not too
satlslactory on sandy soils hav
ing less than 10 per cent clay
or silt, Steele emphasized.
Merit System
Offers Jobs in
C'vil Defense
Applications are being ac
cepted for key positions in Civil
Delense by the Nebraska Merit
System. 'ihe Congress of the
United States during the first
half of this year appropriated
lunds lor implementing PL 85
i08, the Federal Civil Defense
Mobilization Act.
One of the requisites of this
law is that the lunds be utilized
to expand civil defense organiza
tions by adding paid personnel
to State and local civil defense
stafis. It Is also required that
persons employed under this law
be subject to Merit System
standards and procedures in ob
taining employment.
Under these provisions the Ne
braska Civil Deiense Agency has
established ten key State posi
tions to administer and direct
the civil and defense mobiliza
tion of the State and assist in
the establishment, organization,
and effectiveness of local civil
defense so that all the State
will be properly organized and
provided with the necessary sup
plies for an eemegency and that
proper communications can be
maintained.
Individuals can qualify for
most of the these positions with
out college education providing
they have had the required type
of pYnpriencp nnrl thu rpmiirH
numoer oi years oi mat exper
ience. College education on a
year-for-year basis can take the
place of some of the required
experience.
Interested individuals will find
the necessary requirements
given in Merit System Announ
cement Bulletin No. 132 posted
in most Post Offices. Also, this
bulletin may be immediately ob
tained by writing the Nebraska
Merit System, 2002 State Capitol,
Lincoln, Nebraska.
Positions of Administrative
Officer, Operations and Train
ing Officer, Fiscal Officer, and
Supply Officer are in the salary
range""6f 'JS'GST- Communi
cations and Warning Officer
has a range of $440 - $570.
Positions of Administration
Women's Activities (Female).
Administration Continuity of
Government, Medical and Health
Coordinator, and Welfare Co
ordinator are in the salary range
of $400 - $515.
The Supply Clerk (Male) has
a range of $295 - $380 and re
quires certain types of clerical,
commodity and supply exper
ience. Most of the positions will
be filled at the minimum salary.
The Civil Defence Agency will
also be employing individuals in
clerical positions, and other
agencies under the Merit Sys
tem are in need of such em
ployees. Individuals interested
in such positions should write
the Merit System stating amount
of different types of clerical ex
perience they have had and a
brief statement of their educa
tion and the number of years
of training in typewriting and
shorthand. Such examinations
are given each week in Lincoln
and in other towns as the need
arises.
Examinations for the Civil
Defense positions will be given
the latter part of December or
the first part of January. Ap
plications for these examina
tions must be postmarked by
midnight of December 22, 1960.
More detailed information and
application blanks may be secur
ed frorii County Welfare Offices,
State Employment Offices, and
Civil Defense Offices, as well as
from the Merit System Office.
Mrs. Emma Jameson
Diss Monday at
Lincoln Aged 90
Mrs. Emma Jameson, 90, wid
ow of the late Samuel Jameson,
an early day resident of the
Weeping Water community, died
Monday at Lincoln where she
made her home for many years,
Owing to her age she has been
at a rest home there.
She was an aunt by marriage
to Bert Jameson of this city.
Funeral services were held
Wednesday at 2:30 at Umbergers
chapel in Lincoln, Rev. Donald
McCall of Tecumseh, officiating.
Burial was at Oakwood ceme
tery, Weeping Water, with pall
bears Jay Kear, Lloyd Kear,
Fred Ungelking, Watson Jones,
Glenn Kurtz, Allan Casari.
1 i Knl Ottin-lv iati rnilitl-
"A man who says he has r.o I
politics might as well admit to
I having no moral sense, no in
terest in others, and no connec
tion with the world he lives in."
CELEBRITY
ft- RkW.
The Second
By Carroll Kraus
" School of Journalism
A majority of the members
of the 1961 Nebraska Legislature
now seem to favor a broadened
tax base for the state, accord
ing to a poll conducted by the
University of Nebraska School
cf Journalism depth reporting
class. - ,
Indications are that 25 of the
43 lawmakers would vote for the
"right" bill that would broad
en tax base.
Fourteen of the senators in
dicated they would not vote for
either a sales, income or com
bination tax during the next
session, and four others were
undecided or wished to study
the tax situation further before
answering.
Thirty-seven senators ans
wered the, poll either by letter
or by "telephone. Other poll re
sults and earlier voting records
of the six non-answering legis
lators were used to complete the
poll.
Although a majority of the
senators indicate favor for a
broadened tax base, differences
of opinions as to precisely what
type of broadening is needed
and for what thje collections
should be allocated could pre
vent any legislation from com
ing about in 1961. While most
of those in favor of a broadened
base believe the combination of
a sales and income taxes would
produce the best results, others
indicated a perference for one
tax only and little backing for
the other. And some senators
would like revenue from a sales
tax, for example, to be ear
marked for specific purposes
such as public schools. Others
said the only acceptable bill
would provide that collections
go straight into the general
iund, with allocations through
budget requests.
The main reason most of the
senators eive in favor of a tax
base change is that under Ne
braska's present dependency on
the property tax the home own
er and farm owner bear an un
fair portion of the tax load for
operating state government.
They also say that there is in
equality witnin the property
system itself among various
classes of real esta1.
A number said a ruw tax base
was needed to provide adequate
financing for public schools.
Others said the. property tax
will be able to raise enough
funds to meet expanded govern
ment costs in the future with
out a tremendous increase in
property rates.
Among both supporters of a
broadened base and supporters
of the property base, majorities
concurred that more work on
the present property tax struc
ture will be needed if the law
stays in effect. As one legislat
or put it, "This should be done
in every session."
Of the 14 lawmakers who said
they were ajainst the broaden
ed base, several thought that
a new tax base w-ould mean only
higher tax payments and fur
ther inequalities. Some senators
indicated little concern over
"so-called tax problems." They
noted that Nebraska is in an
enviable position-" nation-wide
with low per capita tax rates.
They thought tax changes were
necessary only to the extent of1
"complete and proper execution
of existing laws'' along with
elimination of government'
wastes and inefficiencies.
However, the State Supreme
Makes History-
-,
yi''i
I
WW
4
Surest Thing
Court only recently invalidated
two 1959 laws which provided
penalties for failure to report
intangible properties for taxa
tion. The full effect of the rul
ings isn't known yet. However,
indications are that in Lancast
er County, for example, some
$57,000 may have to be returned
to taxpayers.
State Sen. Terry Carpenter of
Scottsbluff, sponsor of the tax
penalty laws who has always
opposes sales and income taxes
unless imposed on the local
level, said the invalidation may
spur consideration of sales or
income measures. Carpenter,
however, will not be around in
the 1961 sessions since he did
not run for office this Novem
ber. The view that Nebraska's
present tax laws will be gener
ally suf,fifil,ent onc(" waste and
inefficiency" are done away
with is also the view of Governor-elect
Frank Morrison. He
has advocated a general govern
ment financing program of
operating government at top ef
ficiency alter making a full in
ventory of needs "before talking
about new taxes."
Besides eliminating waste and
Inefficiency, Morrison has advo
cated that school districts ex
haust all possibilities for rea
sonable consolidation, since the
districts are heavy taxers. The
governor-elect admits that Ne
braska may some day be forced
to a sales tax by the fact that
all our neighboring states have
them. If the legislature should
pass a broadened tax bill in
the 1961 session, he has said
he would sign the "right kind,"
just as senators said they would
vote for the proper measure.
Hcwever, Morrison says he
feels the sales tax "is the most
unfair tax there is. It taxes the
person who can least afford it."
He says he feels the income
tax, however, is the most equit
able but "the federal govern
ment Is already in that field so
heavily."
He contends that the property
tax's main evil is that it tends
to discourage home ownership,
which he regards as necessary
for a stable economy.
However, some government
and tax authorities claim that
the savings in government that
AS IT SOARS In th olr from lit
launching pod 4,000 (eel abov
Anchorag, Ihs flril Nike-Herculei
fired from a melropaliton-orta lile
and lha flnt from a tilt in toulhern
Alaska. Breathing tmokt and flame.
"Celebrity" blotted to 70,000 feet
before arcing down on lit target at
'40,000 feet altitude more than 60
milet oway. Men of Bottery B, 4th
Misiile Battalion, 43d Artillery
launched Ihe mitiile al 2:14 p.m.,
Monday, November 21, with more
than ISO ipectatort al Site Summit
and more than 600 al the observa
tion area on Fort Richard ion. The
tactical launching wat Ihe flnt In a
teriet of twice-a-week ftringt from
Site Summit at part of U.S. Army,
Alaska's Air Defense Artillery annual
service practice. Southern Alaska
missile units will complete the service
practice about December 13.
Morrison speaks of would hard
ly be sufficient to finance the
needed expansions he also
wants without an increase in
property taxes.
Among the programs Morrison
has advocated are attraction of
new industry to Nebraska, de
velopment of new uses for agri
cultural products, accelerated
water an,d soil utilization, and
conservation, park and recrea
tional development.
He differs markedly in his
views on a tax base from Nebr
aska's present governor, Dwight
Burney, a long-time advocate
and legislative supporter of a
broadened base. However, Bur
ney, who will return as lieuten
ant governor in 1961, does not
think that the recent Supreme
Court invalidation of the two
tax penalty laws will make a
"big difference" in the push for
a sales or Ineome tax. He said,
according to the information
he had repeived, the penalties
"have been ' causing 'people' to
move investment capital out ol
the state. If that istrue, it
would seem we're better off
without those penalties."
Whatever the position of the
governor and lieutenant gov
ernor in 1961, taxes are sure
to be a big issue in the legisla
ture perhaps the biggest.
Nearly all the senators answer
ing the depth reporting class
poll agreed on that point. The
incumbents returning may re
member the 1959 session when
more than 160 tax-connected
measures were introduced.
Young Men In
Uncle Sam's Service
The Selective Service System
of Cass Co., Board No. 13, in
ducted on Dec. 5, Marvin Leo
Gawehn. The inductee went for
his basic training at Fort Leon-
ard Wood, Missouri, and is to-
ducted for a term of two years.
I Ah,o Larry Jenkins, and in
ductee transfer to Burbank,
Calif,, was inducted Oct, 24. He
is taking his basic training at
Fort Ord, Calif.
Nelson A. Rockefeller, Governor
of New York:
"I consider Mr. Nixon one of
the vital forces in the Republi
can party, but I don't think,
between elections, when a party
loses the Presidency, that the
party has an actual head."
TU -.ft... li.. . 1. -f il.
iiicii ctiiur 11 if rub.i ui ine
select the Automatic GAS
Sjr1 It's easy to make a MODERN GAS APPLIANCE a Surprise Christmas Gift this
U V' i 1$ year- A" you do is stop at T'1e Gas Company and arrange for the purchase of
ml a gift certificate which will be enclosed with a FREE Miniature GAS Light.
V-M-j The package will be Christmas wrapped ready to put under the tree.
I"HE PLATTSMOUTH. NEBRASKA, SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL
Thursday, December 15, 1900 Section B PAGE SEVEN
NEWS FROM AVOCA
Mrs. Henry
Friends received word thatjner. Miss Berner and Bob Finn
Mrs. A. C. Hansen Is a patient 1 of Tecumseh plan their wed
in the hospital at Omaha, she j ding Dec. 29.
has been there for quite sqmcj Neighbors gathered at the El
time and will have to stay for a mer Kepler home Sunday eve
longer time, her address is Uni- ning for a house warming. Those
versKy of Nebraska Medical Cen- present were Mr. and Mrs. Er
ter, 602 South 44th St.. Omaha, ! nest Emshof f , Mr. and Mrs.
Nebr. Mr. Hansen was former- ! Stanley Emshoff, the Harry Kpp
ly superintendent of schools at'ler family, the Kenneth Wcssel
Avoca. I family, Mrs. Sophia Emshoff and
Mrs. Eva Bond attended the Mr. and Mrs. W. O Baler. The
funeral services for her son -
in-. Prank fit.rat.ton al Wash -
Ington, Kansas Tuesday. ,
Mrs. Emma Itawalt returned
home from a vis't with her nep
hew Ralpn Spen?er and family
at Scottsdale, Arizona.
Mrs. Carl Zalser, the postmas
ter announces the post office will
open all day Saturday, December
17 and 24th for Christmas mail
ing. Mrs. Glen Stubbcndlck, Mrs.
Roy Berner and Mrs. Lesly Bern
er were hostesses at e. miscel
laneous shower Sunday after
noon at the Glen Stubbendick
home, honoring Miss Kaye Ber-
Christmas
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ll-t:J... P il r
nunudy oedjun, inginsr can LA
Appliance she wants most. K
Mascman
! venmB was si-em p aymB u,ua.
! were won by Mr. and Mrs.
Harry Kepler, Mr. and Mrs. W.
O. Baler and Ernest Emshoff.
Debbie Reynolds, actress:
"We decided a few days ago to
get married now, so the chil
dren can hat; a real family
Christmas."
Bathing suits Tioint out the
figure, but slacks reveal the
facts.
Skyscrapers, U. S. Naval Air
Station, New York.
Journal Want Ads Pay
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Phone 233
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