APPLE3 PACKED FOR MARKET
Every Individual Piece of Fruit
Should Be Carefully Laid in
Box or Barrel.
Never ship bruised fruit, because
every bruise means quick decay and
rotting fruit never brings its cost on
the market. Some growers harvest
their fruit by shaking it onto the
ground on beds of straw placed
around the trees or knocking it off
with poles and clubs. Fruit gathered
in this way is almost worthless.
Fruit should be picked in bags or
baskets slung around the picker’s neck :
in order that lie may use belli hands
and every individual fruit should be
iaid, not thrown, into the receptacle. I
Growers of fine oranges have learned
that even the slight abrasions made j
by the picker’s finger nails will cause1
decay, and in many orchards the pick
ers are provided with gloves to pre
vent injury of this kind.
Next to proper picking comes grad
dng, and many growers consider this
the most important operation in pre
paring fruit and vegetables for mar
ket. This work can best be started in
•the field with the growing of the crop.
Careful cultivation means fewer culls
and less expense for sorting and grad
Ing.
Usually fruits and vegetables are
divided into three grades. “Firsts” or
“Primes,” "Seconds,” and “Culls."
"Firsts” must be uniform in size, color
and shape, of an even degree of ripe
I ■ — ... ■■■'
Apples Packed in Eox.
ness, and free from insect injuries,
bruises and all other defects. “Sec
onds” must he good, fairly uniform
specimens, not noticeably marked by,
insects or other damage. “Culls” arc
these specimens which are left.
Each package should be filled with
the same grade throughout. If this is
done the top layer may be faced by •
arranging one to three layers of fruit
tc increase the attractiveness of the
package. This is honest and perfectly
legitimate, provided the entire con
tents are of the same grade as those
placed on top.
Fall and winter apples for the local
market may be allowed to fully ripen
but should be picked before the mel
lowing process begins. Summer, fall,
and winter varieties for long distance
shipment or storage should be gath
ered as soon as fully grown and col
ored. The fruit should be allowed to
become thoroughly cool before ship
ment. If packed in barrels or boxes
in the orchard, they should be kept
in a cool shed for a day or two before
being put into cars, ami no fruit
should be shipped in carload lots or
kept in refrigerator cars.
To show the importance of the
proper grading and packing of fruit
it may be mentioned that some apples
sold on the New York market for
four dollars per barrel, while apples
from the same orchard at the same
time sold at four dollars per box.
The former were ungraded, while the
latter were graded, wrapped and well
packed.
Most of the fancy fruit from the
western states sold on the eastern
M I -
Properly Packed Apples.
markets Is wrapped In paper and
packed in boxes. Apples of this hind
frequently sell on the Chicago, New
York and other big markets at five
cents each, while if they were [lacked
Indiscriminately In barrels they would
not bring one-third of that sum.
The Crimson Rambler.
Cutting is the best means of prop
agation ior the Crimson Rambler.
Under glass, short cuttings two or j
three inches long can be made in No
vember and December, from wood of
the current year’s growth. 'They
should be planted in sand, in flats or
pans and kept in a cool place.
They root in February or March
and can be either potted in thumb
pots or kept on in flats until May or
.'una, when they should be planted j
out tn rich beds. .
BEAUTIFY AND ARE USEFUL
Vines Shade From Hot Sun, Hide Old
Obnoxious Features, and En
courage Birds to Nest.
(By JOSRVMINE DR M'.UU )
When in doubt as to what to plant
plant vines, is sound advice. Vine*
beautify, they are useful, they art
easy to grow. They shade from the
hot sun: they hide old, oi obnoxious
features; they encourage the birds
to nest about the house; they are tin
drapery nature throws over and
and about with a lavish hand to soft
en and embellish.
When preparing to plant vines, be
sure to spade deeply, manure heav
ily, and prepare the soil carefully.
After perennial or hardy vines are
1 r yfTlpeV'
Boston Ivy and Prairie Queen Rose.
established, it is difficult to cultivate
them, therefore, do all you can be
fore planting them. When they be
gin to “spin," they must have suit
port, otherwise they will be stunted
In growth and unsatisfactory.
There are so many beautiful vines
among annuals, perennials and hardy
vines that it is hard to decide, If the
choice is at all restricted. if you
wish to blot out an old building, cov
er it with vines. If you dislike the
necessary fence, turn ,t into a thing
of beauty by planting vines along its
length.
A dead tree renews its youth if
vines are allowed to clothe Its branch
es. Let vines shade the porch and
thus make it a cool and leafy retreat
from the summer's sun. Curtain the
shutterless south window with vines
and let them grow about the home
wherever possible.
The back fence may be hidden by
vines and the sides of a steep terrace
or bank may be transformed into a
thing of beauty by planting trailers
along the top.
PEARS PICKED BEFORE RIPE
They Should Be Carefully Laid in
Baskets. Sorted Into Grades, and
Shipped to Market.
Pears should always be picked care
fully before fully ripe, without bruis
ing, with the stems on. They should
he laid carefully in the picking has
kets, which should hold half a bushel
■or so, and then be hauled to the pack
ing house or other convenient place
and at once sorted into grades, and
either packed or skipped or placed in
ripening house for future shipment.
It is usually better, in most cases,
especially with summer fruit, to pick
the trees over two or three times
although thi$ is not absolutely neces
sary, and unless the trees are over
loaded may not be worthwhile. When
the fruit has not been properly thinned
and the trees are overloaded mal.j
growers begin to pack the fruit long
before it is full grown and send it to
market. By this means the trees are
not only relieved, somewhat, but the
fruit that is left swells to the largest
possible bulk; moreover, satisfactory
returns are often secured from the
early pickings. This method is par
ticularly successful with Clapp’s Fa
vorite and Bartlett. Both of these va
ricties will ripen up tolerably well
when they are not much more than
half grown. The same principle is
successfully used in handling Le
Conte and Ivieffer pears, but these
should he nearer maturity to he
good.
V
Stone fruits, such as the cherry,
peaeh and plum require hut little
pruning.
Hogs are certainly preferable in
the orchard to a blue grass sod around
the trees.
To make- chrysanthemums bushy
and compact, pinch the branches back
from time to time.
Geranium cuttings should "callous"
over and take root within three
weeks or a month.
One of the most pernicious enemies
with which the plum tree has to con
tend is the plum curcuiio.
All shrubs that have done bloom
ing should be pruued at once. Tills
induces blooming buds and branches:
lor next year's crop.
Do uot work the soil deeply about
plants that root close to the surface;
merely break the crust with the claw
rake, or with the fingers.
Arsenate of lead should always b.‘
used instead of Paris green on stone
fruits, because there Is very little dan
ger of burning the foliage.
Go over the berry plantations every
week to pinch back the new shoois
that are upming up to make the fruit
ing wood for the next year.
Re-trim the sod edging of borders;
all gravel or loose walks allowing a
giowch of weeds should be well soaked
with strong brine, and hand weeded.
The garden strawberry is an Amer
ican product. It adapts itself to a
wider range of latitude and to greater
extremes In environment than auv
other cultivated Iruit.
- - I
hiediterrer : 1 Ft-:, "cit Wonderful:
: . -.ly, ■ , Grea ~ ' * n •* for
T. dvr '
!' " r. t hr r-jjntttoil that the bo t
ca ■ kieoiu.; tea- 1 . re am ;
wcl.. rful fr.ni. . Gi •*. credit ! »l"r)
;h •
so much lor tie . . i. meet u .. . WitII* j
it I * . tv • • - a t ;
fu I* I. . „und;.,. ' . ;.i c i
fo . f'i ■ .... 01
he . 1 | • -i c.ted the i Wj made the
: !•': u {•: ■ other. Ilut
today o. ’ . ho;; red Mlnorcas are
by far th. tesi, to our lancy, but the
English-brtt' Anconas aud Andalu
sians are their best.
We pay the no; t attention to color
of shanks, beak, skin, and plumage;
I---—-,
^ .ta. -i i .-. „ .1 i
White Leghorn Cock.
they pay the most attention to size,
shape and head points. For white they
wish absolute white, hut some black
spots would not bother them as us.
They demand the truest surface
color; we draw the line too close oit
under-color. They are for real beauty
as seen; we love to hunt for hidden
Head of Minorca Cock.
defects that are only harmful in onr
imagination as show qualities. We
quibble so much about little, harmless
things that we often lose sight of .he
real elegance of quality that may be
or has been produced at the loss of
tome of our imaginary evils that ore
tucked away among the undercolor.
_
LEG WEAKNESS IN CHICKENS
Behind Disease There Is Usually to
Be Found Story of Overfeeding
of Fat Foods.
Behind leg weakness there is usual
ly to be found the history of over !
feeding of fat-producing foods. Cases '
are sometimes seen in flocks where a j
large quantity of condiments or fgg ;
food Is given. At the first appearance j
of the trouble reduce the quantity of j
the fat producing foods.
Take away corn, corn meal and con
diments. Let them have very little
meat. Put the weak birds in a place
by themselves. If the fowls are crowd
ed increase the space or get. rid of
some of the birds. Feed steamed cut 1
clover as a noon meal, whether it be '
summer or winter.
If you have peas or beans boil ant;
add some to the n ornir.g mash Be
sure the drinking water is pur< ,• rd
give the houses extra care to set tl ey
are in perfectly sanitary condition.
Rub the chicken’s legs with P ic
ture of arnica and add one-half tea
spoonful of tincture of mix vomica to
each quart of the drinking water
Be careful not to confound ' •:
weakness with rheumatism. In the
latter disease there 1s a swelling of
the joints.
The Brooder-House.
With the modern brooder house,
that is heated artificially, I think quite
likely as many chicks can be raised
under artificial conditions as under
natural conditions, says a writer in
Baltimore American. My practice has
been for some years to hatch the
chicks in an Incubator, and give them
to brooding hens if I happen to have
them, rather than to go to the trouble
and expense of running the brooder.
Cause of Failures.
One reason why the keeping of a
large number of fowls together falls
to prove profitable is because those
undertaking the business have l*.;k
ud experience
. '.TER TROUGH FCR FOWLS
Convenient Receptacle for Chickens
to Drink f re Is Necessity
on Stock Farms.
On e, ri.'-'k farm, where chickens
r.' ’ (or raised. it Is important that
' t : ahve convenient for thorn,
or they will often drown in attempt
I’-ik to drink from the stock tanks, cs
P Vv "‘bcp. the water becomes a
If 'or fi is advisable to have
\.t «r in as ninny different places ns
i- s ide. Ill receptacles convenient for
them t. drink from. Old fruit cans,
Chicken Trough.
Pit'iior round or square, can ho made
to answer the purpose of a good wa
terlng trough. The tops of the cana
should be pounded down, not cut, so as
not to Injure the fowls' feet should
they stop over them. Any b< that
will hold a dozen or moro caus, set
close together that they cannot be up
set, will answer the purpose for a
frame. If small chicks havo access to
the frame, clean stone should be
dropped In the cans; then they can
easily climb out before drowning.
GIVE CHARCOAL TO POULTRY
One of the Best Stomach Corrective*
That Can Be Found and la a
Necessity for Chickens.
Charcoal Is one of the best stom
ach correctives that can be given to
man or beast and is a necessity for
healthful chicken raising When soft
feed In the way of mashes are fed to
the fowls, charcoal Is very essential,
for It corrects any tendency of the
food to sour and greatly assists t^e
process of digestion. It has been prov
en that all poultry will grow and fat
ten faster and the meat will be moro
delicious In flavor when charconl Is
fed to them regularly; In fact, In all
the large fattening plants charcoal Is
regularly fed to all the fowls In the
fattening coops. Charcoal can be pur
chased at any poultry supply house,
but can easily be manufactured at
home. If you burn wood in your
stove, there will be plenty of charcoal
In the ashes to feed a large flock of
fowls If you don't burn wood, take
some corn eels and put In the oven
(ill they are thoroughly charred. Corn
and cobs may also be partly charred
at times and fed to the hens with
profit.
The Frrm Poultry.
With the common knowledge of the
earning of the farm flocks hnvo come
desire to keep more fowls and make
their keeping a special department of
Che farm operations.
On most farms it will prove better
and more economical to allow the
poultry free range during favorable
weather and fence off the lawn and
garden.
The gains made by chickens during
the summer are rapid and poultrymen
are fast beginning to realize that If
hey have large healthy birds they
must have abundant range during the
period when they are growing and de
veloping.
Purifying the Yards.
Frequent rains and excessive heat
will cause the yards to be In a very
unhealthy condition, unless the sur
face soil is spaded or turned under in
some manner, especially on heavy
clay locations. If spading is too la
borious, then the yards may be bone
fitted by sprinkling them with a solu
tion of copperas or blue-stone, dissolv
ing one pound of the mineral in two
gallons of water and sprinkling
through the nose of an ordinary water
ing pot. A few spoonfuls of carbolic
acid In the solution will also be of an
advantage.
Hot coops mean coTds and roup by
and by.
Too much sun is as great an evil as
too little.
A serious setback in growth Is never
fully recovered.
It Is easy to hold cockerels too long
and feed away the profits.
Market everything not making val
uable use of every kernel it eats.
If your chicks are ailing and you
don't know the reason, look for lice.
One bad egg may lose a customer
and puts a question mark on the
week's product ion.
Moulting Is a great strain. Give
nourishing food. A little iron tonic
In the water is good.
Fresh bones from the butcher
shop, pounded fine, are superior to the
commercial bone meal.
Green food is cheap feed, and hens
will lay much better than when kept
on an exclusive grain diet.
The profits w'lth poultry are largest
when the fowls can eat what would
otherwise be thrown away.
Nine-tenths of the young chicks die
from being infested with lice and
mites. Grease on the head and under
the wings Is good.
During the very hot weather the
chickens get dumpish and lose their
appetite. A change of food during
this period will help them. See that
they have plenty cf pure, fresh wa- j
vr |
4
ALCOHOL AND RACE SUICIDE
Two Noted Scic UNts Give Their
Views of Strong Drink
and Its Effects.
In an address st I'hiladelphle, Dr.
T. A. MncN'Icholl, surgeon at the Red
Dross hospital, New York, presented
this striking comparison in the study
id two separate groups ot families:
“Through n long lino of successive
generations I have made a study of
two separuto groups of families. One
group, children of drinking parents;
one group of children of abstaining
parents.
“In ten families of drinking habits
there were 55 children. Thirty died
in Infancy, three of heart disease,
four were Insane, seven were anaemic,
eight were tuberculous, one had dia
betes, three had very poor teeth, threo
had adenoids. Only four of the num
ber were normal. Of the total, two
were excellent, six were fair, and sev
en were deficient In their studies.
111 ten iin h in nuHiaiimiK pttr
onts there were 70 children. Two died
in Infancy, two were neurotic and
anaemic, one had rheumatism, one
was tuberculous, and 64 were normal.
In study, 66 were excellent, 10 were
fair, only two were deficient.
“Of the children of total abstaining
families, 90 per cent were normal; of
the total of children of drinking par
ents, 93 per cent were abnormal.
“Eighty per cent of the children of
regular drinkers have convulsions
while teething. Of children dying
from such diseases as measles, whoop
ing cough, scarlet fever, and other In
fantile disorders, n largo percentage
are children of drinking ancestry."
Dr. T. J. Mays, specialist In con
sumption, Philadelphia, in ills address
before the semi-annual conference of
the American Society for the Study of
Alcohol and Other Drug Narcotics, de
clared that inebriety was very closely
associated with consumption. Tlie
former destroyed the vitality of (he
body and permitted disease germs to
gather and grow in the lungs. In
ebriety and consumption are twin dis
eases, the one following tlie other.
The disease germs of tho latter would
not flourish in the lungs if the brain
and nervous system were strong
enough to throw them off. Alcohol
, not only frequently causes tubercu
I losls, but there nre many cases where
I the children of drinkers develop tlie
, white plague. A consumptive patient
frequently presents himself, in whom
tlie most diligent search falls to le
! veal the slightest trace of family con
; sumption. The condition Is frequent
ly found in the young, especially in
girls, who, after careful inquiry, are
found to liuve a father or mother, or
sometimes both, who had been tip
plers of alcohol.
Children of alcohol parents nre
from 200 to 260 per cent more liable
to consumption, and from 300 to 600
per cent more prone to nervous dis
eases than nre children of abstemious
parents.
PASSION FOR GIN DRINKING
Historian Lack'/ Says Liquor Never
Ceased to Be Counteracting In
fluence on Morals.
In his "Eng'rtnd in the 18lh Cen
tury,” I.nckv, the hi tot'ian, says that
about 1721 ilio passion for gin drink
ing affected the masses and it spread
with the rapidity and violence of an
epidemic. “Small as is the place which
this fact occupies In English history.
It was probat ly. If we consider all
the consequences which have flowed
from It, (he most momentous in the
eighteenth century — Incomparably
piore so than any event in the purely
political or military annals of the
country. The fatal passion for drink
was at onc» and irrevocably planted
In the naM n. Phv-icians declared
that In excessive gin drinking a new
and terrible source of mortality had
been opi ned for the poor. Retailors
of gin hung out signs that their cus
tomers could he made drunk for a pen
ny and dead drunk- for two pence, .)n,5
that straw was provided free.” The
latter referred to the custom of hav
Irg straw in tlm cellars on which
those who had g own too drunk to g t
home could sleep off their potations.
If<> goes on to say that, “from the
early years of the is»h century gin
drinking has never ceased to he the
main counteracting influence to the
n oral, intellectual and physical bene
fits that might he expected from In
crease commercial prosperity.”
Less Scotch Whisky Drunk,
An unprecedented state of affairs
prevails In the Scottish distilling In
dustry.
It has just been announced that the
North Hritish distillery is to be closed
down. This makes the fourth large
grain distillery which has ceased op
erations in Scotland during the past
month or two.
At the annual meeting of the Distill
ers’ company, limited, the predominant
producing concern, it was reported by
the chairman that their stocks hnd in
creased by more than $250,000. h>
foreshadowed the possibility of having
to close down one or more distilleries
permanently, and stated that such a
contingency had already been provided
for by writing down their value.
;iC.V»E MAKING WOMAN’S AHT
£he Can Add to Husband's Comfort
by Havirfj the House Attractive
and Hospitable.
The birds find - • rres of exultation
in the building of tlielr nests, and you
can discover that they p.re hou e fur
nishing by the joy of their son.-s. It
is the natural instinct of love and life
11 make n place to dwell in. lo the
woman who can devise a beautiful
gown, the arrangement and decoration
of a room is the expansion and ten
fold higher use of her art. To the
woman who would endear herself to
her husband, a guarantee might be of
fered that if she can keep within tho
limit of his means and yet make for
him a lovely, comb,riable, appropriate
abiding place, in which he has room
for the development of Ills own tastes
and opportunity to bring about him
his friends in hospitable fashion, she
will have endeared herself Inexpress
ibly to him and increased his pride in
her tenfold. Let the good order and
beauty and contrivances for his Indi
vidual comfort be sufficient to make
his friends envious, and ready to say
that his home tempts them to marry,
and the wife becomes lovely in his
eyes, in a fsr more flattering way than
because she is pretty and well dressed.
To become the source of a husband's
comfort and rest Is to have placed
yourself beyond the fear of losing your
complexion or ceasing to be his Ideal
of a pretty girl. It is also to rise
from the position of a dear pel to a
useful, important partner, without
whose clever brains and wlBe direc
tion his life would cease to be a suo
cess.
Home-making Is not easy work, but
the married woman who sets aside her
kingdom for lack of courage and ener
gy to rule It, 1b but a disinherited prin
cess who has lost the greatest Joy of
life when she abdicated her throne.
WAS GENEROUS TO A FAULT
Story of Statesman Who Voted for
Anythlnfl That Would Force
Treasury to Pay.
There are Innumerable stories about
Mr. Brownlow. who recently died, his
manners and methods. His colleagues
never tire repeating his reply to the
representative of an uplift magazine
who was in Washington years ago In
terviewing members on the principles
that actuated them in the perform
ance of the public duties.
"Mr. Brownlow," said this upllfter,
“you have been in congress n good
many years and are known as an or
ganization, or machine. Republican.
But have you no faith, no principle, no
creed that guides your conduct out
side of party lines?"
"Young man," replied Mr. Brownlow
In his rumbling voice, "I have the
proud record of never having voted
against any proposition to take money
out of the federal treasury.”
The upllfter gasped, and Mr. Brown
low ambled on Ids way. His friends
say Ids statement was almost literal
at that.
Ingratitude Mr. Brownlow consid
ered the one Inexcusable crime. He
never was guilty of It himself. One
day a man who had done a favor for
Mr. Brownlow asked him to vote In
committee for an increase In salary to
an official in one of the government
departments. "Why, Mr. Brownlow,"
he said, “lot me tell you something.
This Is the most meritorious case —
Mr. Brownlow Interrupted with a
snort. "Do you want ine to vote for
au Increase to this man?” he asked.
"Indeed I do,” said the friend.
"Then,” said Mr. Brownlow, “that’s
enough. Never mind about that mer
Itbrious business.”
“Are They Pittsburg Aldermen?"
A member of Pittsburg commandery
had a sumcwlmi embarrassing oxperl
i ence during the Templars' visit to Chi
! cago. He had been introduced to a
' young woman at the reception given
1 by the* Pennsylvania grand command
; ery at the Hotel I-a Salle, and chati
I cing to meet this same young woman,
I she impulsively ask<d:
“You are one of the ‘Millionaires’’
commundery, aren’t you?”
Ho pleaded guilty, and she asked
how many of those in Chicago are plu
j tocrats. He told her that about half
of the 250 members at the conclave
count their wealth in millions, and she
asked how they made It.
“Mostly steel." was his reply.
"O-oh," said the young woman.
“Are these the IhUsburg aldermen?”
Curtain.
___._
Too Naive.
Mayor Gaynor at a dinner in New
York, said of a politician’s excuse:
"It was altogether too ingenious and
naive, it reminded me of the butler
story. A man advertised for n good
butler, and the next morning a young
man presented himself.
“ ‘Have you got references?’ the man
asked
“ ’Yes, sir,' said the applicant, ‘I have
a number of excellent references.’
“‘And where did you get them?’
“ From the reference library, sir,'
was the reply.
Her Protection.
"Why don’t you marry, too?” he
asked her apropos of the marriage of
her friend.
“I can’t," she answered, "without
committing bigamy. I haven’t my di
vorce yet, you know. It’s probably a
good thing, a great protection. I
might have married some good-for
nothing again if I had had it. I am
so unfortunate In my selections."
“True," he said, "you might have
married me.”
