INCREASE OF BEER DRINKING
Four-Fifths of the 55,CC0,000 Barrels
Consumed Yearly Is in Cities—
How Distributed.
Practically all the alcohol sold as a
drink on this continent is in two main
forms—distilled liquors and beer. The
fact that the consumption of the latter
averages 21 gallons per head for the
population of the United States ns a
whole may seem somewhat startling
yet this is truly the case. For the
last 50 years the per capita consump
tion of distilled liquors has been about
stationary. The whisky business sells,
as it did 40 and 50 years ago, a little
less than three quarts of pure alcohol
,yearly for each person in the United
,State8.
In the same period the sale of al
cohol in beer has grown from practic
ally nothing to a quantity greater
than is sold in distilled liquor. In
11860 the sale of beer in the United
States was 3.22 gallons a head; in
‘1908 it was 21 gallons—two-thirds of a
barrel. The alcohol sold in this form
was a little less than a pint a head in
1860; in 1908 it was a little more than
(three quarts. Since 1850 the volume
;of this remarkable new industry has
increased 50 times; it is 18 times
larger than it was in 1860. This
growth of the American beer trade
(lias constituted one of the wonders of
'the liquor business—commented on in
trade circles all over the world,
j The capital inn st^d in it is over
'.ten times that invested in distilleries,
and the value of its produce 2'i times
as great.
But the demand'for this drink is
not evenly distributed across the
country. It is limited very largely to
about a quarter of the population—
| the residents of cities. Four-flfths of
the 55,000,000 barrels of beer made in
the United States is consumed in
'Cities, and at least three-fourths of it
by the population of cities them
selves. The brewing trade statistics
show that every man. woman and
'child in cities of over 25,000 can safe
ty be credited with drinking a barrel
and two-thirds of beer a year. Largely
by this means the population of Amer
ican cities drinks at least 11 quarts
of pure alcohol a head every year,
while the population of the rural dis
tricts drinks a little over four quarts
a head. In view of these facts the
liquor problem in America—and every
one seems to concede there is one—
is obviously in the city, and almost
as obviously the brewery trade'' is
connected with it.
RAILROADS BAR THE SALOON
Argument for Abstinence Advanced by
Big Corporations as a Condition
, of Employment.
Further progress In the new tem
perance movem?nt *n which corpora
tions are arrayed ag?*nst the saloon Is
evidenced by the rule 1? the mills of
the steel trust forbidding employes
to leave their work to get a drink.
This regulation, affecting as it does
many thousands of wmrkmen, is ?*!•
culated to do more for practical tem-'
perance than any amount of per
suasion.
Many of the railroads also enforce
sobriety in employes. Under the new
system of discipline on the Burling
ton road drunkenness in an operating
employe is cause for dismissal with
out appeal. The Northern Pacific pro
fatbits the use of liquor by trainmen
either on or off duty. Employes of
the New York Central, the Pennsyl
vania and the New Haven who drink,
do so at the risk of discharge. The
■Chicago & Eastern Illinois forbids
trainmen to frequent saloons, and the
^Missouri, Kansas & Texas has only
recently Issued an order making the
cashing of an employe’s pay check
by a saloonkeeper evidence warrant
ling dismissal.
The attitude of the corporations
toward liquor has become an irapor-'
;tant factor in a practical movement
the progress of which within five years
has been one of the notable reforms
Of the time. The appeal is no longer
•to the self-respect but to the pocket.
The argument for abstinence is ad
vanced not as a theory but as a con
dition of employment.
The extent to which corporations
and other large employers of labor
have become instrumentalities of a
general moral uplift is one of the re
markable developments of modern
business life. The order of the West
ern Electric Company requiring em
ployes to abstain from gambling,
drinking and immorality is not the
only example of this exercise by a
corporation of censorship over the
conduct of employes.
J
Sobriety Among the Hebrews.
The annual report of the Jewish
board of guardians, Manchester, Eng.,
brings to light the remarkable fact
that the death rate of the poor of the
•Hebrew people in the great cotton
center is only 5.9S, being, in fact, less
than half that of the healthiest and
most fashionable districts of the city.
The medical officer remarks that he
is convinced that the “sober and
homely” life of the Jews increases
their power of resistance to disease;
and adds that, out of 1,170 patients,
irepresenting a population of about
6,000, he "did not come across a soli
dary person suffering directly or indi
rectly from the effects of drink.”
LITTLE RUM DRINKING AT SEA
Seasoned Traveler Discusses Condi
tions That Have Come About
in Most Natural Way.
Capt. George It. Iteardslev, n well
known American traveler In the far
east, who sailed the other day on the
North German Lloyd liner Berlin for
China via the Suez canal, thinks that
the most striking feature in ocean
travel today is the steady decrease
in the consumption of liquor aboard
Rhip. It was noticeable, said C'apt.
Beardsley just before he sailed, not
only in the Atlantic trade, but in all
parts of the world, and on vessels of
all nations.
“When 1 first sailed to the Bast In
dies 35 years ago,” said the captain,
“the quantity of the liquor supply was
the chief anxiety of the owners of
passenger ships. Food and accommo
dations were secondary issues. It was
the same way with the crew. If the
sailors complained they couldn’t eat
their lobscouse or salt horse a glass
of rum settled the difficulty until the
scurvy came along and ate ’em alive.
To-day the crews live better than
most working men ashore, and rum,
except in some foreign navies, is un
known.
“On the big passenger liners across
the Atlantic the falling off in tin1 bar
receipts has proved a serious loss to
the steamship companies. A quarter
of a century ago the saloon tables
groaned with the weight of cham
pagne bottles. Captain and officers
sat at the head of their tables and
took their share. That is all changed
now. Captains and officers rarely take
stimulants at sea. The passengers
mostly indulge in free lemonade and
iced tea. It is rarely that you see an
intoxicated man.”
“What do you think is the cause?"
Capt. Beardsley was asked.
“I think the principal reason,” said
the captain, "is that men who travel
to-day have more sense and take bet
ter care of themselves than their fore
fathers did. When I first went out to
Shanghai it was considered impossible
for any white man to go east and do
any business, afloat or ashore, unless
he made an ambulating brandy filling
canteen of himself. Ten years of that,
combined with the tropical heat and
fevers usually sent him out with the
tide, as they call dying in the east,
or ruined his constitution for the rest
of his short career.
“Drinking on the steamships tra
ding to India, China and Japan has
fallen off quite 50 per cent., and a
man can go round the world and do
his business to-day without taking a
drink of anything stronger than gin
ger ale. All this has been accom
plished without any laws on the sub
ject or any organized prohibition
movement. Just common horse sense
has conquered the liquor habit."
WAS TAUGHT BY EXPERIENCE
Minister, Once in Favor of Licensing
Liquor Traffic, Learns Wisdom
by Work Among Poor.
They who have to deal with the
problem of poverty soon declare their
conviction of the close relation be
tween the saloon and destitution and
crime. The Rev. Dr. William M. Hess,
an Indefatigable worker among the
poor, in a letter recently published,
'says:
"After long and patient study of the
liquor question, and after 25 years’
experience with such men as form our
Bowery bread line, I must say that I
agree with Prof. Paulson and other
German and English writers that four
fifths of our misery and nine-tenths
of our crimes are due directly or in
directly to liquor. Just about every
case of misery and poverty that corner
under my notice is due to liquor. Of
course, on the surface, at first sight,
there seem to be other causes; but
.when I get belovr the surface, there is
drink Will the liquor men support
and relieve the cases of poverty atfd
distress due to drink? No. The min
ister and the charitably inclined have
this wholly unnecessary (as it should
be), work thrust upon them. Close up
the saloons and provide substitutes;
turn the capital now invested in the
liquor business into flour mills and
bakeries and shoe stores and factories
—that is, feed the hungry and clothe
the naked, instead of wasting the hun
dreds of millions in drink as society
now does. I talk as a minister once lr
favor of licensing the traffic. I have
since learned wisdom because of my
experience wdth the 'down and out.’ ’’
Disorders Due to Alcohol.
According to a state official of In
diana, one-fourth of the seekers of
charity outside of the almshouses, nvl
almost one-half of the dependent chil
dren in America owe their deplorable
condition to alcohol. The same cause
is responsible for the mental over
throw of fully one-fourth of all the
unfortunates who are sent to the asy
lums.
Reward for Total Abstinence.
Mr. Andrew Carnegie, in a recent
address on temperance, said he once
offered to give any of his men ten per
cent of their yearly earnings as a
bonus on condition that they would
give their word of honor that they
had not taken a single drink of spirit
( uou3 Honor during the year previous
WEED OUT GRADE STALLIONS
Education of Averane Farmer as to
Importance of Good Breeding
of Horses Is Slow.
The education of the average farmer
as to the Importance of good breeding
in the production of horses makes slow
progress. The majority—and this is
not overstating the fact—are not yet
A
A “Grade Percheron.”
prepared to pay a decent price for stal
lion service, preferring to use scrubs
because they are cheap.
Some of ttie states have passed stal
lion laws containing some excellent
features. Wisconsin has a license law
which prevents the prevalence and dis
tribution of grade stallions in the
state.
Minnesota has a law framed along
the lines of the Wisconsin measure.
Pennsylvania and Utah have adopt
ed similar laws and other states have
restrictive measures under considera
tion.
The effect of these laws is to make
the ow ner of each non-registered stal
lion declare his horse a “grade.” On
handbills and posters the fact must be
stated so that no one may be deceived
as to his pedigree.
The situation abroad is very much
better than in this country. In fact,
A “Grade Hambletonian.”
practically no scrub, grade nor non- j
registered stallions are used for public
service.
In the investigations of this matter
carried on by Dr. A. S. Alexander of
the Wisconsin sthtion it was found
that of all the stallions in tin- stale GO
per cent, were grade stallions and only
40 per cent, pure bred.
Some of the specimen horses used
for public service are remarkable ex
hibitions of wretchedly bred, run-down j
and diseased animals. The pictures
herewith are faithfully drawn from j
photographs of a “Grade Gamble-1
tonian” and a “Grade Percheron’’
which traveled throughout the state
for service. One is 13.3 hands in height
and weighs GOO pounds, and he is not
the worst in Die lot, by any means.
The effect of breeding from such
stock is apparent in the very low
grade of horses produced. Water can
not rise above its own level, neither
can a grade stallion raise the blood
level of his progeny above that of his
own veins in quality.
The use of such sires, therefore,
means a retrogression and a great
damage to the farmers of any state.
PLAN FOR DEHORNING CATTLE
Practical Chute Arranged That Does
Away with All Unnecessary
Struggle of Beast.
In constructing a dehorning chute
no door at the entrance is needed.
When the animal enters, a stout stick
is thrust behind him into the cleats
one one side of chute, used to force
him into the proper position and then
fastened by dropping a pin into the
nearest hole in the specially arranged
piece on the other side. Such an ar
rangement practically does away with
all body struggle. A chute, with the
front as little obstructed as possible,
makes it easier to induce an animal to
enter. What head movement it is
necessary to subdue after trap Is
closed is best accomplished by tying
the head down to a ring.
Chute is 6 feet long, 6 feet high and
3 feet wide. The dimensions should
correspond as nearly as possible to the
average sized animal, because the less
freedom of movement the better. The
floor is narrowed to 12 inches, with
tight, slanting sides up to a height of1
three feet. Each jaw of trap is sep
Dehorning Chute.
arated by a lever, and may be secured
at any place by iron pins in holes,
bored In (he upper front cross-pieces
of the frame.
It is easy to teach a suckling colt
how to drink milk and a quart of warm
i cow’s milk in the morning will give it
I a good start.
DIFFER OVER STORK
BIRD IS VARIOUSLY PERSECUTED
AND PROTECTED.
People of Northern Germany and Den
mark Welcome and Care for It
—Has Never Been Popular
In France.
In tlte Baltic provinces and through-,
out northern Germany and In Den
mark the stork is met with every
where during the summer months,
says a correspondent. While travel
ing the other day from Danzig to
Marienberg I saw several in the fields
ami on nests upon buildings quite
close to the railway. In Denmark,
however, it is less numerous, since
the draining of the morasses was be
gun. It is still fairly common In Hol
land and Belgium, but In France,
owing to its being persecuted and the
fact of none of the original race sur
viving, it is seen only ns a bird of
passage. In Alsace and Lorraine Its 1
better treatment is rewarded by a
certain number remaining during (ho
summer to breed.
In passing through Savoy In April j
and in the early autumn it meets with j
heartless persecution, especially on I
its return toward the south, when the
young birds are often much fatigued.
It occurs generally throughout Turkey
and is fairly common in Greece. It is
met with occasionally in centra! Italy
and Sicily, and is plentiful in somo
parts of Andalusia.
It Is believed that on one of their
migrations which took place a little
after the middle of last century the (
white storks experienced some sort of
catastrophe, as they returned in great
ly reduced numbers, and ever since
then they have been considerably less
numerous than before. The periods
of migration with the storks are very
regular. They arrive in central Eu-!
rope generally between March lit and
25 and prepare to depart a about the j
end of August, first congregating in 1
large hands, which break'up as the ,
adult Individuals come and collect tho !
young together to conduct them south- j
ward. It appears that, they migrate In
large flocks, flying mostly by night.
The males and females, it is sup- !
posed, migrate separately. Hie former ;
undoubtedly arriving about a week I
before the latter to take charge of [
the old nest or to settle on a favorable
spot for nidlflcatlon.
Wherever the stork Is met with tn
Europe, excepting in parts where its
occurrence is rare, where it meets
with the common fate of rarity, it is
protected. The peasants mostly hold
it as sacred and consider is ns a sort
of protector or house god to the house
on which it nests, and one will some
times sell a nest to a neighbor to
bring him luck, in which fnse the bird
will discover the new situation of Its
Dest and continue to occupy It.
Kindly Folk.
BillingsgaU is one of (ho most po
lite and gentle mannered places in
London, however strange its Cockney
talk may be. Here’s ltow kind the fish
porters are: A big porter who strolled
through the market, whistling under
his burden of fish, overtook a woman
struggling with a heavy package.
“ ‘Ere you hare, hold dear," said he.
“Hi’ll give you hay ’and,' and still
balancing his fish box he caught up
the woman's parcel as well. When
the porter found his way barred It was
not "Do you want all the road?" that
he shouted o t, but, "Do you mind
making room lor han horphan?" or.
“By your leave, sir. Thank you kind
ly." "Do you think you can manage
it, chummy?” said one porter," or shall
I take the big ’un?” "His there hany
chap ‘ere ’o knows where Jim’s cart
his? ’E wants these quickly." And
three porters, idle for the moment,
sprang forward to show the speaker
where to set down his load. "I like
the big, strong Billingsgate porters,"
said a young Scots woman, a relative
of a high official of the market. “I
like their gentle voices and ways."
Wins Clemency.
The blandishments of a “drunk and
disorderly” man won clemency from
Magistrate Carey In the Eleventh
and Winter Streets Police station the
other morning. The "Judge” never
fines a man who Is “down and out”
If he can avoid doing so. This pris
oner, however, had tried to use a
couple of stalwart patrolmen to mop
up Vine street and was due to pay a
fine or take the usual ten days.
He Interlarded his defense with
terms like “your worship,” “your
grace,” “your excellency,” and other
high sounding titles.
“Who do you think I am?” asked
Magistrate Carey.
“Nothing short of a bishop, judging
from your kind heart and fine face,”
was the retort.
“Get out and don’t come back,” was
the verdict.—Philadelphia Times.
New Year’s Row.
Mrs. Perkins (calmly reminiscent)—
Jonathan, we've been married 40 years
New Year’s day and never had a cross
word yit.
Mr. Perkins—I know it. I've stood
yer jawin' purty well.
Mrs. Perkins—Jonathan Perkins,
you're a mean, hateful, deceitful old
thing, an' I wouldn’t marry you ag'in
fer love ner money!—Exchange.
Improvement Coming.
Enraged Creditor—I've had enough
of mount: ng all these stairs every day
to collect this bill.
Debtor—Well, I can tell you a piece
ot news that will please you. After
to-morrow I'm going to live in the
basement
SELF-DENIAL OF MOTHERS
Called On to Make Sacrifices That
Should Come Back a Hundredfold
to Bless Them.
The story of a mother’s sacrifices
Is n pretty big one to exhaust In a
moment. Once then' was a senator
who came to a public platform with
the opening remark: "The subject as
signed to me Is ‘The Immortality of
the Soul.’ the time, three minutes.”
To break right Into the middle of this
question, then, are a mother’s self de
nials sacrifices? The answer Ilea In
the way she looks at It. It rests also
In the way the world views It and In
the way her children see It.
Now, the world will tell you, per
haps, that she owes It to her children
to give up everything within reason
(and without It) to those who are her
responsibility; that It Is without ques
tion a sacrifice; and there the world
will stop. After this superficial sum
ming up on the part of the world, It
may be just as well that It should
step out and leave the floor to chlly
dren and their mothers.
It Is undeniable.that women hnva
gone through fire and water for chil
dren, and It Is pitiably true that In
many Instances their very own chil
dren have never known It. Women
have practiced self-effacement with a
blind devotion that meant the final un
doing of those whom they would have
helped. This, then, Is sacrifice—un
meaning sacrifice.
And (hen there Is a holy thing not
quite self abnegation, because It has
escaped that futile quality. It Is de
votion that Is not blind, but In Its se
curity has demanded something In re
turn for what It gives. It saves those
who otherwise might have been Us
victims.
Mother love that Is strong In its In
sistence upon some return calls out
u Just response and brings up men
and women Instead of weaklings and
dependents.
Long days of home-making that
might have drifted Into drudgery, and
longer nights of weary nursing that
might have become slavery are saved
to the stronger woman by the appreci
ation she has called forth. The host,
of big tilings she has relinquished, atrd
all the little things she has passed on
to others, have come back a hundred
fold to bless her. So a mother sees
It; this Is what sacrifice means to a
devoted woman. She would assure
you there Is no such thing.
Woman Won World’s Admiration.
The ex-queen of Naples, Emperor
Francis Joseph’s sister-in-law, is the
only woman who has received the
Russian Cross of Hr. George, which Is
only conferred for acts of conspicuous
bravery under lire, and tho ex-queen
received It In recognition of tho cour
age she displayed In connection with
the magnificent defense of Gaeta
against tho armies of Garibaldi and
King Victor Emmanuel. Ono day dur
ing the siege a bomb fell Into tho
room where King Francis and Queen
Sophia w’ero dining. King Francis re
treated to the cellar, trembling with
fright. Queen Sophia rose from tho
table and walked to a looking glass
that hung on tho wnll and, noticing
that her hair was whitened by tho
plaster dust rnlsed by tho bursting
bomb, said, quite calmly: "What a
pity It is that powder Is no longer
fashlonuble? Don’t I look quite an
eighteenth century queen with my
whitened hair? 1 must keep It so
while the garrison Is being reviewed.”
Queen Sophia conducted the entire
defense of Gaeta, which was so mag
nificent that the garrison was permit
ted to march out with all tho honors
of war. Every day she visited the
ramparts and encouraged officers and
men. She sighted the guns and her
example shamed those who were dis
posed to surrender Into an appearance
of courage.
Student of Human Nature.
Once upon n time, when Senator
Robert Taylor of Tennessee was
‘‘Fiddling Rob” Taylor, and on a lec
ture tour, he picked up an old railroad
man who was on the bum and trans
ported him north from Louisiana, says
the Washington correspondent of the
New York World. The bum was an
interesting fellow and the governor
enjoyed his conversation Immensely.
While the train was rolling along be
tween Lake Charles and Alexandria,
on a branch of the Texas railroad. It
entered a thick pine forest. All of a
sudden It stopped. A lone flagman's
shanty was the only sign of human
habitation. A passenger on the train
grabbed a smnll handbag and got off
the train.
"Governor,’’ said Senator Taylor’s
bum friend, Va man that gets off at a
place like this Is guilty of some
thing.”
Better Left Unsaid.
Little Jane had been learning about
i germs and other scientific things at
school, and the fact that kissing was
; regarded by medical men as a danger
| ous pastime had been Impressed upon
her young mind.
"Papa,” she said, In her grave fash
, Ion, nodding at him across the table,
| "wasn't you afraid to kiss mamma
when you were first engaged?”
"Oh, no," replied papa blithely,
! "mamma was quite good looking,
then.”
Approximately.
"She says you are crazy.”
"She does?”
"She didn't use those words ex
actly."
"Can’t you tell me w hat she said, ap
proximately?”
"She said you are in love with her.”
! —Houston Post.
SEEC HOLY RELICS
MISSION OF EXPLORATION IN
PALESTINE.
Solomon’s Temple and Other Things
i of Interest to the Christian World
Are Sought So Far With
out Any Result.
I King Solomon's temple, tho ark of
1 the covenant, Aaron's rod and tho
seven-branched golden candlestick
which stood In the holy of holies—
. these are Just a few of the treasures
for which a party of young English
i men are now excavating in Palestine
In the neighborhood of Jerusalem.
The majority of experts are of the
; opinion that these treasures are not
to be found where they are now be
i tug looked for, but the members of
the expedition have other Information
upon which they place reliance,
i This Is a cryptogram, which Is said
to have been found in tho Talmud by
a Finnish engineer and which is
thought to give a clew to the place
where the treasures of King Solomon
are bidden. Exactly what this crypto
gram Is has naturally been kept secret
by the Finnish engineer, but he has
convinced his supporters In the en
terprise of Its reliability, and already
a good deal of work has been done
toward a practical demonstration of
Its accuracy or Inaccuracy.
Perhaps even more lnterv’sHng
than the search for King Solomon’s
treasures Is the composition of tho
party engaged In It. At the head of
the syndicate Is Clarence Wilson,
brother-in-law of Lady Sarah Wilson,
and a very wealthy man. Then there
Is Robert Vivian Duff, commonly
known as Robin, a lieutenant In the
Grenadier Guards nml husband of
Lady Juliet Duff, perhaps the tallest,
ns she Is certainly one of the most
beautiful women In London society.
With those is associated Hon. Cyril
Ward, a brother of the earl of Dudley
and of Hon. John Witrd, who married
Miss Jean Reid, daughter of the
American ambassador to England.
Cyril Ward, like Wilson and Duff, is
n man ol means, having married Bar
oness do Hrienen. a great Dutch heir
ess. Other members of the syndicate
are Capt. Montague 11. Parker of tho
Grenadier Guards, a brother of tho
earl of Morley; and two other guards
men, Hon. Mr. Walsh and Mr. Foley.
Three months ago, the necessary
permits having been obtained from
the Turkish government, tho party
sailed for Palestine In a yacht spe
cially purchased for the purpose by
Mr. Wilson, and work was shortly aft
erward started in the neighborhood oT
the pool of Siloam. Sixty men were
engaged as laborers, and the excava
tions went merrily on. They are still
going on, but, perhaps less merrily,
for up to the present nothing has
been discovered to reward their la
bors. Ono by one tho heads of the
expedition are returning to England,
and Clarence Wilson got back home
a few days ago, some of the others
having preceded him. Capt. Parker,
Mr. Walsh and Mr. Foley Btill remain
In Palestine, and It Is supposed that
the party have not yet given up hope
of discovering the treasures they set
out to seek.
Aye! There’s the Rub.
The amateur sociologist was airing
his views to nn admiring and lilgh
tirowed audience. A professional poli
tician, cleverly disguised as an East
side settlement worker, had managed
to pass the sacred portals, and w as ob
scurely ensconced in a dark corner.
“Graft Is the curse of the American
government!" exclaimed the amateur
sociologist. "The rich man can buy
his way to political power, not that
he wishes to serve the people, but
simply to Increase his wealth."
"Hear! Hear!’’ cried the high
browed audience, after the manner of
the English.
"Huh!" came a grunt from the cor
ner.
"We don't want the rich man In
politics," continued the speaker.
“What this country needs In office is
the poor man.” - i
"How arc you going to keep him
poor?” came a strident voice from tho
corner.
And the amateur sociologist was
forced to admit that he hadn't thougnt
of that.
Royal Witticism.
In a biography of Leech the paint
er, who at one time acted as draw
ing master to Queen Victoria, the
late Mr. W. P Frith related an amus
ing story, illustrating her majesty's
wit.
One day, in the course of a lesson,
the queen let her pencil fall to the
ground. Both master and pupil
stooped at the same moment to pick
it up, when to the horror of Leech
there was a collision, the master's
head striking that of his royal pupil.
Before he could stammer out an apol
ogy, however, the queen smilingly
said:
"Well, Mr. Leech, if we bring our
heads together In this way I ought
1 to improve rapidly."
Value of Economy.
No matter how economical a young
man is, his endeavors to save are
: wasted if he has a careless wife. He
might as well be doomed to spend his
strength and life in an attempt to
catch water in a sieve. The effort
would be scarcely less certainly vain.
Habits of economy, the way to turn
everything in the household affairs
to the best account- these are among
the tilings which cvcry mother should
teach her daughters.