11
. Educational Depariineni
, Conducted by County Supt. Croc1er
t
I A\ ;
District No. 88 , Frances Kelley
teacher. School closed with a ,
program , April 28 , eleven visitor
j were I present. - Total enrollment
for the year 37. On Arbor day
we planted 19 trees and 6 shrubs.
Beware of the man who sees I
- ' . nothing good in his fellow man.
i Th fellow who prates of his
brother being dishonest ; the
pessimist who sees nothing but
the dark side of the world ; the
'
I woman who babbles scandal of
her ; lady acquaintances , are but
speaking of-their own nature and
offering damaging proof of their
f own shortcomings. "Out of the '
, fullness of the heart the toungue
speaketh" .
. HUMBOLDT SCHOOL 'NO'fES. '
: The class sermon by the Rev.
John Calvert was given at the
, Presbyterian church last Sunday
, ' " , evening ; the high school gradu-
ating exercises were held at the
opera house Wednesday evening ;
. . , eighth grade graduating exer-
. cises were held in the Christian
, ' church Thursday evening . . and the
) Alumni program and ' banquet
will be held at the home of Mr.
, " and Mrs. C. : M. Linn this even-
ing , May 26.
. Dist. 23 , A. E. Knisely teacher.
School closed May 12 with a pro- ,
d gram in the afternoon. : Many
visitors and nearly all the pupils
. were present. After the exer-
cis Messrs. Koso and Duerfeldt
. , each favored the school with a
. r
nice talk.
. ,
The three entertainments given
.
by the Dawson schools this year
, : : . r . . , : . . " netted $151.25 and this moneY'
Jl" : , F ' " the teachers to
. . : t' . will be used by
. buy needed teachers' helps and
. ,
, apparatus for the schools. Of
course an itemized statement of
. '
. ' , expenditures will be given. The
. teachers have done this extra
work for the benefit of _ the
. i ' . schools.
"
\ - _ i , .
, . " . , , ' NOTE BOOK. .
, . '
. ' I , In order that he may writ at
: 4f " , r the proper time . ' " the . ' outline ' as in-
-
'
'g. ' : . , , , . . : . dicated above , each contestant
' . ' L should keep a note book in which
: ' . . , , ' .
: . . { . . . . : , t' . ' ! . . ' " . : . " . . ; . : ; . w' , to enter items each day during
;
.
' , . . . . .
t'
: the season whenever any of the
0. : ' , : . ' , above mentioned points are con-
r' . : L ) ; , ! cerned. The number of hours or
T J ; , : . : : , : ' minutes of labor should be given
, "J , . . , : ' each time . with the date , the labor
; " was performed.
)
' : : , " ' ; , When gathering the corn the
. .
, , : > : I best . fifteen or twenty ears should
, be selected , wrapped in paper ,
' : iJ and put in a dry place where
: y. ; they will be safe from mice. From
\.I.t : ; . . these the best ten ears can be
B : < selected 'at the time preparing
1 , ' them for entering at contest.
, ' . Directions will be given later for
, ' ,1 , : . entering these best ten ears with
: , ' the written outline in the state
. contest.
. , . . . .
I
c
Information concerning prizes
offered and other features of the
exhibit will be sent to each con-
testant , in due season. Address
inquiries relative to- this con-
test to May 10 , 1905.
E. C. Bishop ,
Capitol building. Lincoln Neb.
DIRECTIONS 'fO CONTUSTANTS.
1 Each boy receiving 500 ( estimate -
timate ) grains of seed corn will
be entered as a contestant.
2 Each contestant will choose
his own . time , place and method
of planting , sand will be respon-
sible for the care of the corn from I
the planting to thc gathering of I
the crop , and the selecting and
entering of the best ten ears in
thc state contest to be held at
Lincoln in January , 1906.
3 Each contestant will exhibit
with his best ten ears of corn a
brief outline giving information
as follows :
' '
OU'l'LIN t
1 Kind of soil in which seed
was planted.
2 Location.
a Field or gardcn.
b Level , slope , hill , valley.
3 Kind of crop raised on same
ground last year.
4 How ground was prepared
for seed.
5 Planting. ' .
a Date seed was planted.
b Depth sced' was plantcd.
.
c Number kernels per hill.
d Distance apart of hills.
e Distance apart of rows.
f . Number and length of rows
6 Cultivation. . '
a Tools or machinery used.
b Different dates of culti-
. . .
vation.
c How cultivated ( depth ,
manner , etc. )
d Average height of stalks
at each cultivation.
7 Gathering of crop.
a Date crop was gathered .
b No ears of corn gathercd.
c No ears of corn , husked
' 8 Expense in time , labor , and
money.
! a Total number hours work
by contestant.
b Value per hour of con-
testan t's work.
cft Total number of hours of
work by team or other force
. required in raising corn.
d Value per hour of abo\
work.
e Total value all labor in
raising corn.
f Amount of other expcnses.
g Total cost of crop.
h Total value of corn at
. market price.
.
i Amount of loss or gain.
9 Statement of what has been
learned by contestant in raising
this corn. .
10 State what difficulties if
any , were encountered with di-
t
sense , insects , squirrels , or other
pests , and how overcome.
AIH'fIl1\It'l'ICAL \ No'rATION.
The following facts in refer-
ence to Arithmetical Notation
are gathered from various historical -
ical sources , many of them not
accessible to every school boy ,
yet they may be of some interest.
.To the boy who is thoughtful and
stops to think as he advances in
the study of the scales of nota-
I
tion , thc question would very
naturally spring . up , "What led
to adoption of different scales of
notation by different people ? " If
I
YOU have read any of the history .
of Arithmetical Notation , you
have abandoned the idea that
everyone in the world do count and
always have counted and reckoned
as we do. We use the decimal
scale and count by tens. Accord-
ing' to Humboldt the aborigines
of Mexico : and some early nations
of Europe reckoned b7 twenties ;
some Indian tribes and several
African tribes , use the quinary ,
counting by fives , while the Chin-
ese for several thousand years
have used the binary , counting
by twos. There : certainly is some
simple reason in each case for the
adoption of the s stem used.
Counting among the primitive
people was without the use of
written characters. Thc adopt-
ion of the scales was so general
that there must have been some
natural and common cause.
The following have been sug-
gested as very probable causes :
The use of two hands or two
feet or two ears , gives us a nat-
ural cause for the binary scale.
Five fingers on either hand or
five toes on either foot gives a
solution for the quinary system.
Ten fingers combined with ten
toes would furnish an instrumental - I .
a1 for counting and also a reason
for the vicinary system Ten
fingers or digits gives a rea-
son for the use of ten char-
acters and the decimal scalc.
Many tribes of South America ,
Australia and the islands of the
Pacific cannot count beyond two
or three. According to Bancroft
the natives of Lower California
cannot count above five. It takes
an intelligent Eskimo to count to
twenty.
Among the ancient nations
which possessed the art of print-
ing it was a natural device to use
letters to represent figures. Thus
we have the Roman numerals.
The system is arranged on the I
peculiar ratio of 5 to 2. It also I
has the strange subtractive prin-
ciple. It lacked a zero symbol
and was poorly adapted to arith-
metical ca1 ulations.
Among the Egyptian and Baby-
nians l the numbers were written
from right to left. The greatest
interest is found in the develop-
ment of the Hindu or Arabic sys-
tem.
Its origin is traced back to cer-
tain inscriptions in the third cen-
.
tury B. . C. It lacked a zero Zcro
is not known to have appeared ,
. . . !
in tins system until about 400 A. . t' ;
"
D. and its first use in a document ' ;
was about 700 A. D. It was not ' ' :
\ '
until about 1200 A. D. that this : ' ; '
system was reccivcd' ' in Christian /
Europe and about 1500 A. D.
,
when it found complete introduction - "
tion into thc schools. Time intro-
duction of signs of operation
greatly facilitated arithmetical
operations. Previous to their
use the statC1t1cllts ; of the opera-
tions were written out in full ,
causing much labor and incon-
nience. The first appearance
of plus and minus signs in a book
was in the Arithmetic of John
Widmann , at Lcipsi.r . in 1489.
The parallel lines were first
used by Robert Rt'corde in an algebra -
gebra published in 1557. The
cross was first used in 1631 by
William Oughtred while the dot
for the---same purpose was used in
the same year by Harriot. The
absence of any signs between two
letters was first used by Stifcl in
1544. The sign for division came
in by Rahn in 1659. The parenthesis -
enthdis were first used as signs
of aggregation by Gii"anl in 1629 ,
while the symbol for square root
was first used in thc form by
Rudolph in 1525.
1525.J. . W. Watson
Prin. , of Verdol1 Schools.
,
WILSON
See the display of
.
DINNERWARE PAT-
TERNS AND FINE
GLASSWARE : : :
in our show windows. Notice -
tice our
BARGAIN WINDOW
every item at
. COST OR LESS
Our windows are well lighted -
ed and we do not turn out
the 1igh s.
C. M. WILSON
Missouri Pacific Railway
Time Table , Falls City , Neb.
NOR'tn
No. 105 Omaha and Lincoln
Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 1:57 : a m
No 103 Omaha and Lincoln I
passeitger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 1:00 : p m
No. 191 Local Freight , Au-
burn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A 1:00 : p m
sou'tn
No. 106 Kansas City and St.
Louis and Denver . . . . . A 3:10 : a m
No. 108 Kansas City and St.
Louis and Denver . . . . . . A 1:25 : p m
No. 192 Local , Atchison. . 10:30 : a m
No. 164 Stock Freight , Hi-
awatha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .A 10:20 : p m
A. Daily. D. Daily except Sunday.
J. D. VARNER , Agent.
.
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