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Health of the Fowls.
t x The first thing to look out for In the
care of poultry Is the health of the
birds , whether thor are kept at home
01' are sent away to shows. Health is
the first requisite of successful pout
try culture. Those that fail to make
profits out of their birds generally
are those that are unable to keep them
healthy.
The l.oalth of the fowls cannot bo
E kept UII by feeding cayenne pepper
and other lllco things. Many do this
In lieu of good care and good foed.
Cayenne pepper Is a curo-all in the
, minds of some people wo know , hut
t In reality it Is of little value except to
stimulate the digestive organs of a
sick bl1'(1. Healthy birds do not need
a stimulant more than a human being
needs n. . stimulant.
'
Absolute cleanliness Is the first
requisite for health and next acmes
freedom from lice ! and mltos The
, health or the fowls shoulll ho further
. protected by not Introducing into nit !
flock birds that are not known to he
absolutely hoalthy. It would ho well
for every poultry raiser to have a
building separate from others In which
to keep for some weeks new birds purr
chasod.
Soft Feeds
: Soft feed Is a hone of contention her
I twoen the raisers of 110ultr Some of
f
the poultry journals take the position
that a soft feed Is always hnnneuI ,
while others are just as sure that it
is a good thing if fed once a day and
no oftoner. The belief of the writer
, is that tlio soft ' '
0 feed Is a very great
- . . help to fowls that woull1 otherwise
n '
have whole grain all the time , while
it is less necessary to those birds
IVJ' - : that have green stuff , with chopped
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roots and largo quantities of table
, scraps in wintor.
The object of the soft feed is to
, lessen the tax on the digestive organs ,
where the birds would otherwise have
tt to digest whole grain. In a state of
. , nature birds do not have to fill Ui' on
1 grain entirol ) ' . The birds : cf the air
do indeed eat a great deal of such
" grain as rice , but they are using their
wings so much that the expenditure of
muscle force is great , which Is not
the case with our domestic fowls
- . ' . . Where soft feeds are fed It is hotter
r not to use one kind of feed all the
time , hut vary the ration , giving in
turn such feeds as pea meal , oat meal ,
chopped feed , middlings and urnn.
Eggs for the Toilet.
Circassian women , noted for their
I beautiful complexions , apply to their
I faces a half hour before their dully
hath a thorough coating of white of
egg When this has completely dried
they wash it off with tepid water and
- then bathe as usual in soap and wa
tel' The egg penetrates the pores of
the skin and takes ; : up impurities : ,
which are carried away when it is i
' washed off , leaving the skin clean and
smooth Eggs also make the hest
' ; f kind ; : of a shampoo and hair food
t Hub well into the scalp , the more thor .
ough the massage time better , and
rinse thoroughly in several waters or
the hair will ho stlcley.
T. E. 01'1' Re-elected.
. . ' At the meeting ! of the America
. '
, ' \ Poultry Association , held in 1\lInn'ap ,
! oils , Minnesota , last week , Mr. ' 1' , Eo
01'1' was re-olected Iocrotal' '
I Iocrotal'treusurcr ,
I The work of the present Incumbent
has been productive of so much good
i to the association and to poultry in
terests generally that this actloll
meets with universal apPI'oYllI. The
position of secretary Is the most 1m ,
portant one in any live , stock asso ,
elation and should he occupied always
by a strong Ulan This the A111orl'u11
Poultry Association has In the IJe-son
of \ 1\ ' . OIT-Farmers' Review
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Discussions In Convention.
Officers of our state dairy associa
tons may proflt ) hy an action of the
American \Varohousemcn's Associ1t
lion at their convention \Vasllltlg .
ton last weok. 1l was there dcclded
that hereafter all such portions of
commlllo ! reports as invite discussion .
sion by the members at the annual
convention shall ho printed and dis
tribuied to the members before the
meeting
In the conventions or associations
fonnell to forward the mutual Inter.
ests of the memhm'shlp hy improving
inethods of business , devising ! and
urging legislation , otc. , a full discus
slon by the assembled members Is , If
properly conducted , the most } potent
force. This is generally recognized
and yet in a great majority of cases
the time of the sessions Is so largely
tHlccn up by the reading of alldresfes
upon various subjects that time discus.
sins are cut short and very often
have to oe loft out atog'thel' !
At the meetings of dairy associa
lions and butter and checsemalcors' as'
soclatlons there are usually a number
of papers prepared upon subjects dos
Ignated by the olIlcers the reading of
which takes much time If these could
bo forwarded to the secretary In ud
vane : they might he printed and : dls'
trlbutod to the lIIelllhel's before the
meet Ing with very little additional cx
lJenso to associations which print their
reports In full because the type forms
could be kept standing for use In the
full repOl't The advantages would he
three fold : First , the members woulll
00 mnch better prepared to discus s
the subjects brought ! up If they hM
time to consider them before thl
meeting ; second , the time of the ecu
\'entlon could ho maI'o largely devote ( I ]
to the discussion ; und third , the full 1
report of the proceedings could he pith
IIshod much moro promptly after the
convention had closed
\Ve commend this plan to time consideration ,
. sldoration of all such association : : : as
would 1.10 benefited by its adoptlon-
N. Y. Produce Review
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Dairying In Michigan.
Michigan Is not considered a lair y
state , and : rot , according to a reconl t
census , there are In that state Hlle
farms deriving their chief income
from dairy rodllets. On these < lair ) '
farms there are 74,0'\3 \ cows , which ]
makes an average of a little over
five cows to a farm The number 01
cows In the state used for the
lira'
dllctlon of mille
principally is ever
87G,000 , according to the census 01
1900. About COOOOOOO pounds 01 farlll
butter are made yearly , and this haH
a value of $9,000,000. In addition ,
over 2 , OOOOOO pounds of butter are
made in the creameries , and the vale
of this swells the aggregate value of
the butter made to over $14,000,000.
This Is a good showing when It Is i
considered that in the enumeration of
the cows must be a very large 111111
her that produce little 01' notltin .
How much greater wOlllel bo limo 111'0'
dllctlon If every poor cow were roe
placed with a good cow !
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Vicious Hogs.
The vicious hog is fit only to bo
made into pork and should not bo
retained : as a breol1el' The keepers of
hogs have to go among thelll , fr d' ' .
quently , and ! one that will attack a
hllmun being should not uo tolerated
the fal'ln. The '
on hog generations au' °
'o ! short that It Is comparatively cas ) '
to breed out a vicious IlhjloslUOII
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'rhe knife nIl1 ! sa w still remain the
principal . remedies : against the hllgh 1
\ , ( > have not yet found a remedy th ct
may be applied to and cure sick l limbs
and twigs.
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Boll the Strainers. ,
On a great man ' farms cloth strainers , I .
ers arc used Those that have been
in the habit of using such strainers
will uo able to remember the history
of some of thom. That history Is that
the strainer Is used mold washed ont
just nH the dlshl'ag Is uRed and washed
out , in water not much over hl : do
green in tempomtmo , which tenipera
tore is comfortable for the hnnds 'rho i
hl\1l1ls cnnnot hear a temperature
much above 115 deg1'eos. Such low
temperatures will not destroy the
germs of lactic nclll fOl'monts.
The inevitable result Is that thou
sands of these invisible ferment germs
l'en1l11n alive in the cloth. When the
next mllllug ; : Coates nl'01ll1l1 the sumo
cloths al'o used. 'rhoy look clean and
are clean so far as dirt Is conce1'11od ,
for lactic acid ferments are not dirt.
But they are starter for the new lot
of mille , IInd In many cases account
for time milk souring In twelve hours
01' stick a mattel"
Where milk Is 10 be kept ; : for twee
t.folll' 01' more hours care must ho ,
tnlcen to leeep out or It all ferment I
germs that might act as stat'tot'S In
the case of the strainer this cnn ho
easily done ; for It Is not a. . Ilimeult
matter to hull It. This ! can ho done by '
plllllng It in a dish of hot water and 1
setting it on the buck of tIle store
when there Is a good llt'e The only
trouble is to fOl'm time habit at doing
this
H really snakes line 11IITerence
whether the strainer Is of wire or
cloth so far as lellllng all the ferments
Is conco1'11ed. Some of them will re
main even III tin \\11'0 Hll'nhlf' " ' If "I'I
n _ _ _ u _ - . . . . . . . _ . " 0'- ' "
care Is not used ! in Its clcllnll1g' ' ! 'he
1 surest way is to even boil Mate wire
Hlrahwl'
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Butter " Marketing Project That Failed.
Not long ago the hulLer merchants
of San Francisco realized the fact
that their supply of hotter was so
great that If somothlng vas not done
at once the price of all their butter
would ho forced down to a point too
low to permit of a reasonable r roflt.
It was therefore agreed that each
house should contribute part of their
butter to make up several cars to ho
sent to points .farther east where
p'lc0801'0 just enough higher to ellm
able them to get rid of the surplus.
All went well till the time came for
putting the butter into the cars. 'I'hon
'
some of the firms on one pretext or
another held hack all of the butter
that had peon premised for the cars
Each one had reasoned that If ! the
surplus butter was pushed off the
market his own butter would all sell
at a good price Thus each man ue.
gnu to try to get ahead of all the
others oy letting them matte the sac.
rifices and hy lying low himself to
reap the uenofit Unfortunately , so
many tried to work this scheme that
the protect itself failed , only one car
Instead of several being sent out. Time
dealers now have
a very unkindly ; :
feeling toward the men that promised
butter but held it hack
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Swiss Cheesemaking
Professor F. n. l\lurnforll , of the University .
\'ersltr of Missouri , has recently \'Is-
Itcd SwJl7.erlanll awl there Inspected (
a good ninny or the factories In which
cheese is mado. lie says It Is a mis ,
talto to suppose that all Swiss cheese
Is good. gven the Emmenthaler varies
In quality , though as a general thing
it Is good It Is more uniform In
quality than wuud : ! ho supposed ! to
ho possible , When It Is considered that
It Is made , not In one large factory ,
In one place but In nunmet ' Outs fac
torleu in IIlffcl'cnt plllc's
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Climate has the effect of modifying
all forms of life. This Is Illustrated
as fully In the development ! of breeds
of poultry as elsewhere
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LIVE ! : I
STOCK :
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Points of the Drafe Horse !
Prof. Oeo 1\1. HomhlOJ , or the Unit' I
ell States DOllllrtment 01 Agriculture , '
relative to the recoiled qualities of I I
the mal'l ketable draft Horse , says : I
Size and Welghl.-'I'ho weight that
will characterize a horse as Il drafter I
will he that above which he can not
wOl'le at n trot without waHto of effort
stud horsollelih and ! below which ho
can work mare econol11lellllr hy haul
bug smaller loads nt IncrenHel1 "peed. I
'rIll ! weight ! If ! pretty generally cou
ceded 10 ho ] , GUO 11011111111 In fair lIesh. I
The height of u drafter will vary from
15,3 hands for the SIIIUllof "OI'tll to
17.2 hnnds for horses of great \ \ ' Ighty.
The hnportul1Co of weight In a draft' II I
01' must not ho ' ' . I
overlooked < . Ills purr
pose Is solely that or heavy work , r
pulling great load : ut the willie , and f
to fulfill this /'t'l1l1lrolllont most perfectly - I
fectly the first essential Is weight , 1
with , of course , proportional alz\ I
Without weight time ImmcuBo baths I
that are 10 ho hauled over our city I
streets coulll not ho moved , und eltru- .
fat observation of the average 1II'Iceft I
huts shown that , otl1er things being
equal , draft hm'ucllcsh Is worth uhout
$25 for every additional hundred
IJOUlHls ( It can show Over ] , GOO pounds.
It Is also essential : ! that as much us
possible of this wolght. ho hone and
musele. 'J'hollgh many buyers uir
quosllonahlr Ilel1lUIIII fut , awl the truth
Is that a horse cannot sell for Il 'cd
Itable price unless fat , the effective
value of a horse all a wOrlto1' should
not ue lost sight of. ,
Conformation. - 1I1s conformation '
Hhoulll enable the animal to notice tits
weight as effective ns nnasihlr ) nnrll
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at . the same clue , a88111'O : a reasonably
lung period of IIseflllness. For this
purpose ( he must hove a rattier short ,
heavy neck soil ! a shoulder sloping
enough to take the collar well , but .
not so ntraight as to cause a "post
leg" and bring about premature un-
SOlllllhIO H. ' 1 He hnele should ho short ,
well muscled and strongly coullled to
the hind quarters , whIch should bo
nicely rounded , smooth amid l plentifully
supplied with muscle. Particular attention -
tention should bo paid to the hock.
The legs must bo moderately short
and have a supply of bone sUlllcient to
support the weight and work or the
animal , and , of course , must he sound
A short leg , with low , set knees and
hocks , Is one that will stand wear and
fear and usually goes with n strong ,
closely coupled hall ) ' . head and neck
should IJO proportionate to the size
of the hOl'se 'rho whole appearance
I
should he masslvo.
Actlon-The action oC the drafter
Is confined almost excluslvcly [ to time
walle For this reason the walk Is or i
vital ImllOrtanco Rapidity or step
and length of stride enable him to
cover considerable ground in the least
possible tlmo Straightness , smoothness .
ness , regularity , und lack of trllJtlul1
enable him to do this with the least
posslblo wear and injury to himself.
Time trot should possess all the merits
of the walle.
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Registered for PerormLlnce.
In the Island : oC Jersey a cow 18 not
registered because her
parents wel e
registered , but because of her own
performance at the pall. A cow must !
reach a certain standard before she
hecomes ollglhle. This is 11 very good
practice to follow inside a breed It
could not bo safely followed outside
of a breed , as it would necessarily set
aside the principle or ( Ire potency as It
Is I represented In the established
breeds. Registering for performance
Is a very effective method of SIHl1'l'1I1 !
on the lIIpro\'ln ! ; of any hl'ced. l'le :
IIno breeding merely gives us /IIor
cows of the same breed , hut docs nut
improve the breed except to fix its :
qualities. B ) ' registering for perform !
ante 'We place a value 011 Increa ; 'd
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