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. " , The Peanut increasing : In Popularity.
'rho peanut Is increasing ! ! In lWl\l' ) \
lal'lty as a stock fOOlI. 1'0 those that
pay live cents a hag for the nuts it
, may seoll1 strange that anyone should
think 01' growing them In sufllclont
, quantities 111111 cheaply : \ enough to
j i. mllltO it profitable to feed thom to
" r : . & ! . . hogs. Yet the peanut that Is fed to
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J- tine hog fs not the roasted nut that
has been carefully prepared for Iii
\ man cOnsUmIJtlon. \VO would not
think of feeding peanuts IIrepllI'od for
hUlllan food to hogs any more than
. . . wo would think of feeding rolled oats
1 r- , to horses 01' other farm animals.
- . 'rho IJOllnut plant Is a legume and
so altos nitrogen from the air and 1n
I . . " creases the amount of that element
In the soli. The lllnd hest suited
to the peanut fs a loose friable soil
- - . with enough tenacity to hold fertil-
. . " "Hy. ' drained ,
. Time land should ho well
that water may not stand on It. It
Is not advised to use barnyard manure -
nuro except In smllll quantities. This
would give the plants too much iif
trogen. The chief elements of food
needed are lJOtasshllu IIUtI phose
lIhorus.
A limy soil Is not desirable and an
aPllllcalion of lime Is likely to make
many of the nuts unsalable. The I
color or the nuts IH largely affected hy
. ' the color of time soli. The dark sells
give dark colored nuts and light soils
r { light colored nuts. But for feeding
. ' .
purposes the vines anti nuts grown all
either colored soil Is nlllcc.
The planting of peanuts Is done
. " ) , . . . : . early In the spring after all danger .
tr. of frost Is passed. The rows are gen.I I
orally made about three feet apart and
the nuts planted about two feet apart
In the rows. When the nuts are to
ho used for pasturage or for forage the
Spanish nuts a.ro. used _ , as the vines
grow more uprlgl1t. Tile same CUlll-
'atlon given corn does for the pea
nuts.
Harvesting is done by plowing along
the rows but not touching the vines
or nuts. This loosens the roots and
_ the vines with lie nuts on them can
" ' then be pulled and stacked around
'i/J.f. ;
. - 1f- posts where they dry. A current of
air should be able to pass among the
roots to thoroughly dry them out.
Hot Fitting of Horseshoes.
A bulletin or the Department of
Agriculture says : Few farriers have
either the time or lie skill ] necessary
to so adjust a cold shoe to the hoof
that It will fit . as we say . "air-tight. "
Though the opponellls of hot fitting
draw a lurId picture or the direful ]
consequences of applying a hot shoe
to time ] roof . It is only the abuse of
the practice that is to be condemned.
- If a heavy shoe at a yellow heat be
held tlghl1y pressed against a hoof
" \i ' . which has been pared too thin till
. > . + . It embeds itself serious damage may .
be done. nut a shoe at a dark ] heat
may be pressed against a properly
dressed hoof long enough to scorch
and thus indicate to lie farrier the
portions of ham that should bo love ]
ered without appreciable Injury to
the hoof and to the ultimate ] benefit . .
: of the animal.
I The horse owner should insist on
time nails being driven low. They
_ should pierce the wall not above an
' : ' Inch and fivo-olghths above the shoe.
A pall penetrating the white line and
emerging Iowan time wall destroys
the least possible amount of horn has
a wide and strong clinch rather than
a narrow one which would be formed
near the point of the nail and furthermore .
more has the strongest possible hold
on time wall because Us clinch Is pulling .
Ing more nearly at a right angle to
. " ' ) the grain ( horn tubes ) of the wall
I. ' . I than If driven high. Finally do not
allow the rasp to touch the wall above
the clinches
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J UUIIJlfuJffillI ) ! : . . . : .
Locked Up Plant Fertility.
The prohlom of rendering his poor
soil more productive IlI\II \ his hood
soil still better Is one In which every
farmer of to.clny In Intore8tOl1. Wo
venture the Rtntement that of all the
"rlln Ilown" 01' ahandoned farms In the
United States there is I not ono which
could not he made productive ( again If
proper methods ! of handling the soil
were omployed.
The failure of land to yield ] u. crop
Is not due In most cases to 11 lack ] of
plant food In the Boll Results of
chemical analyses show that In average .
age Rolls throughout the country there
Is In the first eight inches enough nitrogen
It'ogon to last no years enough phosphoric .
phorlc acid to last 500 years and
enough potash to last 1,000 ) ' 0111'8 ,
Why then , If the soil contains Ruch
stores or plant food does It fail to
SUPIJOrt ) crops Simply because these
elements are locked up In such clmemi-
cal ] combination that time 111ants are
unable to utlllzo thorn.
The great problem then , of modern
agriculture IB not entirely the conservation -
sorvatlon of plant food In the soil hit
rather the unlocking of tine rich stores
already In the soil . and placing them
In a condition to he assimilated hy
plantE This unlocking process Is car-
rled on naturally by the soil micro-
organisms.
Plants from the mightiest forest
tree to the tiniest hlllde of grass consist -
slst of a complex combination at mnf
croscoplc cell , each cell containing
protoplasm. This protoplasm Is continually
tlnually changing taking ] ! up food
which Is brought to It In time sap and :
casting off Its waste products In much
the sumo mnnnor us the protoplasm In
the anima ] body.
Bacteria are also plants consisting ,
however . of but a single cell filled with
protoplasm which , IIIto that of the
ilf ' " her nl..nt" I" nnntln.,1h. active fm
" 'bU ' P . . . . . . . " . s . . .VI.,7 . . . . , . . .
assimilating from the surrounding me-
dium the food elements necessary for
Its ' ' 'I'Ia of
malntenanco 'l'hese myriads
little plants InvIsible to the nawd ]
eye In taking their food from the
chemical compounds of the soil produce .
duce in those compounds just the
changes necessary to render them
useful to the higher plants in malting
their growth.
In order that bacterial activity may
go on with undiminished vigor there
are certain conditions of the soil which
must bo provided certain require-
ments of the bacteria which must he
complied with , namely . temperature ,
moisture reaction respiration and
food supply.-S. F. Edwards.
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The Ground Is Frozen.
Time ground is frozen and the poultry ] -
try can get no grit. This fact should
be remembered by every man that
has poultr It Is a fact that Is often
never thought of . with the result that
the fowls fall sick from Inahlllty to
masticate their food. Wo use the
word advisedly. The human holng
chews food with the teeth to reduce
It to a condition where time juices of
time digestive apparatus can work on
It. The fowl has to have grit for this
same kind of grinding.
Grit wears out. It is different from
teeth In this. Teeth renew themselves -
selves to a certain extent and the
part that Is being worn away Is also
being roplaced. The grit In the giz-
zard of the fowl Is all the time rap !
idly wearing out and must ho frequently - I
quently renowod. If your hens have
been for a long time without grit
give them a punful and see what they
luul1e of It.
Time pruning of the grape vines
should bo attended to as soon as pos-
sable while they are elormllnt. Some
growers do the pruning In the fall as
soon as the leaves have fallen. If left
till late in the winter time sap may
begin to move before the pruning is
done.
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IIOIOuIIJRE
. .dylF ate : r , d
The Keifer Pear a Favorite.
AR the Kolffol' pear IllJpellrR on the
1IIlIl'lte ! . It III not Il general , favorite' ,
an It hUH not been properly poned
It needs to 110 picked , when fully 1111\
turo allll then IlIItaway for five 01' six
weelfI to rlpoll. Wholl HO treated II
had It fair flln'ol' , though lie Kelffor
will never bo noted for hue llavor no
matter how perfectly hnlllllod. But
lilting ( nil things together , the Keiffer
IH a favorite with IICal' growerit ' 1'hll ,
IH because It cnn he depended on to
live and produce fruit , which cannot
ho said of 1II0Gt of the varieties of
pears. ' 1'ho mon that planted Kolffer
pear trees n generation ago are now
getting nn Incol1lo from them , while
those that planted mostly other sorts
are lamonllng the fnct that they planted ] -
cd varieties that yielded to the lIh.ht. ] :
Perhaps It Is the lack ] of high quality
In time Kelffel' that protects it. I It may
ho that the bees do not visit the blossoms
soms of the KelfforR nn much an they
do the varieties that have more flavor
to their credit. The fact is well established .
IIRhod that the Kolffors do nol blight
as badly as some of the pears that
are of line quality. Now the grower
would like to leave a pear of high quality .
ity to sell to hIs friends hut since ho
cannot ho Is fairly well satisfied to
have a pear that his friends fInd edible .
ble and that lie can produce In largo
' ' Iii prob-
quantltlos. 'rho Keiffer pear
ably the one all which most money Is
muadc at least cast of the Itoalty ] Moun-
lalns.
Soils for Plum Trees.
The old notion used to he that plums
preferred a heavy clay soil. This Is
still true for certain classes of plums ! ,
particularly the Domestlca and Dam-
sons But some other plums thrive
In other soils ! , EO that hy cheJOs
lug the varieties best adapted to particular -
tlcular situations plums may IJO grown
almost unywhm'e Even light sandy
soils are suitable to the Japanese
rleUes and some of the hyhrltl Talc-
lug all kinds of plump ) together . however .
ever the nest soil Is that which wOllld
ho suitable for apples ; and the gPlllral
rule regarding apples ! , Is that they will
thrive 011 any soil well suited to pota-
toes. A loose , deep , gl'Uvoll ' soli , with
an open subsoil If ! the best for all
orchard trees In this cllmate. 'rhls
In what should ho chosen where It Is
avallahle. Where It cannot ho had ,
almost any soil will do , providing only
that It Is well drained. It must not
hold water either In slimmer or winter.
If It IH inclined to do so It must be
thoroughly drained preferably hy
closed static 01' tile urlderdrtins before
the trees arc planted-Prof. F. A.
Waugh.
Trees and neal Estate.
Why does not the absent owner of a
furls plant a few trees emi that farm
every year to improve his : ! property !
The city owner of real estate has long
ago found out that It pays ] to plant
trees and so In the great tracts of
land laid out into streets In the vicinity .
clnlty of the great cities wo see all
kinds ] or trees planted and cared Cor.
On all sides of Chicago thin Is to he
seon. 'rho trees have been potent
factors In drawing people to the suburbs .
urhs to lIve No one cares to go to a
section where houses stand upon the
open plain. But If there are thrifty
trees It Is dlfferenl. Time same tendency .
doncy Is as true oC the farm as of the
town resl ence.
The spreading of manure In the winter .
tel' as It Is made Is now accepted as
the ideal way of handling manure. Il
may bo a little trouble to haul a load
to the field every day but some find
this easier than any other method at
taking ] cure of It. It saves work fn
the spring , when all are busy.
The value of spraying : Is being ap-
I preclated more and more every 'car.
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Cleanliness / and Henlth.
In the summer limo the poultry
ItooIIIJ ! If ! not called upon to do much
cletud g In time poultry house ttii . for
the Illont part of the season the fowls
have the run of lie fal'lII. In the viii-
101' . however . time farlll floclc III shut
IIIJ and its health clln easily / suffer on
account or neglect tu leeol' ' time house t
cloan.
Jt.s very natural to thlnlc that tie (
cold weather will freeze the drop-
pings as flint an they accumulate tumid
( hat . Ie they do pile , UlJ under the " '
roosts , It will Illulto little dlfforonco.
The truth Is that In much at the
north there are very many days In
whiter when time tomllCrntllro IB
above the freezing 1I0int and l30fl0
tlllleR It If ! us high as fifty and sixty
degree , . A warlll night in wllltol' Iii
very trying emi the fowls , when the
droppings , have beets POl'lIIllled to accumulate .
cUllluluto for u month us Is the case
In nlllllel'Olln Instancos.
1'he ! wrltol' has sOlllotimos put his
head Into a poultry house In winter
where the ammonlu was 80 thlclt
that It was a won dol' the fowlll coulll , i
live In it. If It Is hlld for time owner
La stay for five imiim rotes In Huch U
place what must ho the experience
of the hens compelled to slay all
night In It ! 'rIle farmer II ! unable to
figure out any Ions , nor can anyone :
olso. It conies In a weaconed ] constitution -
tlltlon j and Homo day when some
fowl 18 found dead under time roost
It will ho Indirectly duo to time sapping .
ping of time constitution by the um-
monlaca ] gaseB. y ;
In every walk of life cleanliness ; j
and health are aSlwclutod. Time supplying '
plying of oxygen to the hlood ( through
the lungs Is liS necessary with fowls '
a8 with hUIIH1nB.
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Money from Feed.
One man feeds hens at U cost at i
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iiI ( cents per year and another man "
ftwd3 hens at u cost of $1.00 per yoar. .I
The mint that saves 25 cents per hen I
hilly think that ho Is malting money 1
by his oconomy. Very often this will
prove Jot ! to bo the CUBO. 'rho man
unit han ahem the trouble to feed his
fowls on a mixed ration with considerable -
orablo meat and ground bone ground ?
outs and a variety 0f grains ! and other ' .
forms at nitrogenous feed is not abe ] ute u
lo geL trio cost or the ration under u. .
dollar a 'car.
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The man that feeds his Cowls at a
cost of 75 cents per year will ho +
found to 1)0 feeding u very large
amount of corn. Now for the results.
The man that feeds the more ox pen-
:1'0'0 ration / i8 generally golllng eggs
all through the winter and Is soIlIng
them at thlrtt1'o or forty cents a
doz.m. The other man Is getting no
eggs till the winter hoglns to melt t
Into spring and then Illtli to sell thorn
at 15 and 20 cents per dozon. Time
man that feeds time more expensive a
ration mal\Cs Ina ey . and time oilier
man does not. I
It Is not a question at which ration - \
lion Is cheapor. The real ] question -
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Is how to make the reed focI pay for
its cost and a margin or difference U
which wo call profit. 'rho hen Is but , "
a machlno La take the feed wo raise
or buy and change It Into n product
)
that is worth more than the raw :
product. I
The Lay of the China Egg. A
A horrid old hon that ate all
the . ' I
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eggs ,
Had a terrible appetite , blast her- I
It wasn'l the hem will the yellow legs
That laid so well for her mustoI' " t
She whacked at the china egg peg w
gety leg '
1'wa8 the ! hardest she ever had I'
lit on ;
J
Said she , with n smile , "It I can't ,
eat this egg r
I'll save It amid keep It to sit on. "
-Exchance.