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POULTRY
Portable Poultry Hcuses.
At the IllInoIs State FaIr there was
ono oxhlblt that was : very suggestive.
It was or 11 portable poultry house ,
large enough to ho used for camping
out In It Its use for 11 poultry house
should bo at any time discontinued.
Adjustable and portable poultry
houses have long been advertised by
English agricultural papers , and 1l
has been 11 wonder why the Industry
did not manifest itself on this slllo of
the water. Any man can make an
adjustable poultry house or his own.
It Is only necessary that each part he
complete by itaolC and that it bo per
tectly fitted to the adjoining parts.
The fault with some such Qonstrue
lions Is that they are rickety This Is
11. fault that can bo easily cured. The
joints should bo perfect and the parts
shouid overlap enough to prevent
drafts In winter time. Wo can con
celvo or a portable house beIng flO
badly made that the poultry } would be !
exposed to drafts constantly throughout -
out the wInter.
The advantages oC portable poultry
houses are many , especIally for tonS
ants 1'hero are many people that
wIsh to keep poultry , but they do not
care to construct a poultry house to
be lft on the place when they move.
The portable poultry house can be
Culcluy taken to pieces and It makes
the least possible bulk when placed on
a wngon. Whoever build such a
house should make himself patterns
beforehand that he may avoid mistakes .
, takes In the constl'ur.tlon.
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Eggs In Winter.
Some writer has slllcI that If eggs
could always bo produced as abund-
antI ) ' in winter as In Hummer poultry
would always be protltnble. It Is hard
to agree with the statemont. It eggs
wore naturally as abundant In win-
ter as In summer there would bo no
reason for high prices In winter. 'fllo
reason why eggn are high Is because
they are scarco. But for the good
Gt the poultry industry and of the general -
oral public eggs should bo produced
about equal ! in all the months or the
'oar. 'fho average price might bo a
little higher but the buyer would have
11 compensation In the fact that his
eggs would always bo frosh. Doubt- -
less the time will come when fowls
will produce eggs abundantly In the
. winter , but It will bo after a multitude
of mon learn how to take care oC
fowls )1'oper1) As It Is , fowls are so
generally neglected that Nature takes
her course. Most fowls , no matter
how neglected , will produce eggs In
the summer time , hut cannot bo depended .
pcnded on to do the same In the winter -
: ter time. Tills proves that it is a
matter of care only and management.
For the present the man or woman
. that will so cure for their poultry and
so manage them that the bulk of the
, ' . . eggs will bo produced during the time
when eggs are high In price will bo
malting a largo profit for thomsol ves.
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New Diseases Develop. ;
'Wo have a development among
- fruits and vegetables , and W0 regard
"as : quite remarkable the changes wo
are able to make in certain tlllngs.
That there is a development In the
character and form of the fund \ that
form the bases of our diseases seems I
quito certain. This Is n poInt we have :
not generally considered and seem unable -
able to guard ogulnst. There are
numerous fungi that are known to bo
Imrmless. Last year a form of fungus
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, caused rot among apples in Western
,
eYorl. ; . . 'i'hls fungus had always
. , been considered harmless. A report
was made to the experiment stations
on ' the disastrous effect or this tun-
gous disease. Whether it will spread
to other parts of the country we can-
not be sure. ' At present the danger
of this does not seem to be great.
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Realizing the Presence of Dirt
It is the experience of these factory -
tory inspectors that where the owners
of a factory are prosecuted for keeping -
Ing un unclean establishment the men
that supply their mlllt quickly come
to the conclusion that it docs not pay
to send milk to a factory of that Idnd.
In many cases the defections have
been so numerous that the factory has
had to close and go out or business.
Farmers have listened to the cam-
paIgn of education long enough to be-
gIn to realize that hIgh prices for their
milk products cannot bo obtained If
the medium through whIch they reach
the public is a filthy one.
One would suppose that the farmers -
ers who take their milk to a factory
every day for six months would be
able to realize the presence or dirt In
the factory before n. stranger came
along and poInted It out. It 'is ' a
queer thIng this realization of dirt.
If an Inspector had not begun legal
action against the factory the farmers -
ers would have been content to bring
theIr milk to the same dirty factory
year after year.
The men that could not realize the
dIrt In the factory till It was pointed '
out to them do not realize the untidy
condItions of theIr own farms. If high
prices for cheese made In a dirty factory -
tory are not to be hoped for , neither
can wo hope to get high prices for
cheese and butter made out or milk
produced In a dirty stable.
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Roots and Silage.
Roots are good for cows and so Is
sllago. In the United States silage Is
Car cheaper than roots If we compare
the cost of the dry matter In each.
Careful estimates have been made of
the amounts of nutrIents In the form
of roots and in the form of silage that
can be produced on an acre or land
It has been certaInly proved that
twice as much nutriment can bo produced
duced In the form of corn as In the ,
form of roots. Then , too , it costs less
to raise nn acre of corn than It does
un acre oC roots. The corn Is planted
cultivated , cut and made Into silage
by the use of machinery , while beets
have to be raised largely by hand
worl Labor Is a. very expensive Item
In the United States In some parts
of the Old World , whore labor is
cheap , the cost of raising roots Is
comparatively low. Raisers and users
or roots In those countrIes come to
the United States and try to do the
same thing , but soon give up the at-
tompt. This Is why all the admoni-
tlons to raise roots for cows seem to
Call to the ground without bearing
Crult. It Is a matter of financo. It is
by fur more economical to get succu
lent feed from silage than from
roots.
Root Rot of Apple Trees.
In some or the Western states root
rot Is becoming a great source of annoyance ,
no'anco to the orchartIlsts. It Is found
quite generally In orchards over five
years ; of age and even In some
younger ; ones. The disease Is , however -
ever , of more frequent occurrence in
new land than In old. The disease is
most to be met with on poorly drained
land , though it is found more or less
on any kind of land. The disease \ is
not a product of the apple orchards
but exists In our native forests
Thence It spreads to the apple
orchards This Is a very important
reason for not setting apple orchards
on recently cleared land. That thE : '
disease Is highly contagious is shown
br the fact that It will attack an
apple tree and spread from It In all
directions killing every tree it
touches. The best remedy is to remove -
move and burn Infected trees , not putting -
ting other trees where the old ones
have been. It takes at least three
years for the disease germs to die out.
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Free Vaccine for Blacklcg.
The first vaccine sent out from the
experiment station was In October ,
1899. From that time until October ,
1904 , over four hundred thousand
doses of vaccine have been supplied
free of any charge to farmers and
stockmen of Oklahoma. During the
above time every effort has been
made to have the vaccine used regularly -
larly and in a systematic way , and
many are doing this , vaccinating their
cattle regularly twice a 'enr. How-
ever , the fact remains that at thIs
time about four out of five requests
state that vaccine Is needed because
ono or more calves have already been
lost by blackleg. This loss can be
almost completely avoIded by vaccinating -
natlng the young cattle at regular intervals .
tor\'l1.ls until they are too old to take
the dIsease.
There is a great variety of opinions
among cattlemen ns to how the calves
get the germ of blackleg Into the sys-
tern. A great maul , and possibly the
greater portion of them , believe that
the germ Is taken : Into the body with
either the food or drink. 'fa test this
two calves were purchased , placed in
close stalls , and drenched with a
large dose of pulverized meat [ rom
a calf that had died with the blackleg
The calves were kept under observation -
tlon for 11. week and no noticeable re
suits followed drenching wIth a large
amount of infected meat. At the end
of this time these calves were in
oculated . under the skin of the hip by
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taking for each calf one one.hun-
dredth of the amount given In the
drench , with the result that both of
the calves died with toe blackleg , one
Cortj'-one hours after inoculation and
the other In fifty.two hoUl's. From
this and the results oC other worl
that are available it is evident that
calves become inoculated with the
germ of blackleg through sonic wound
of the sldn. This Injury to the skis )
may be very slight and easily over
looked but there is su1l1clent " '
, injury
to allow of inoculation.
The policy followed by the station
in sending out vaccine is to suppl
anyone wIth the amount or vaccine
needed on receipt of 11 request fOI
the vaccine. This plan has enabled
us to get the vaccine to the party
needing It with the least loss of time
as It has been our experience that
very few vaccinate until they have :
lost one or more anImals. This plan
of supplying the vaccine will be continued
tlnued In the future and all that if
required of anyone Is a request foe
the number of doses or vaccine need
ucI.-OklahoIUI1 Station
The Zebrula.
A new breed of horseflesh has come
Into public notice , namely , the Zebru
In. Some of these animals are being
shown at the World's Fair. They
originated in Africa from a cross 0'
the Zebra stallion and the horse mare.
They are said to bo highly regardcc'
In South Africa , where they arc valu
able on account of not being affectcc'
bj' tine bite of the tsetse fly , which If
death to the horse '
sure 01' donkey
Breeders In South Russia , In Engln11
and Germany have taken up th
breedln of these animals. They an
said to be hardier than the mule 01
1I0rse. The Zebra Is known to bo I
very wild and swift animal and for II
long time It was found Impossible tl
make him useful to man on account
or his wildness ' 1'he crossing hal
taken some of the wildness out of him
rogeny. The name given to the pro-
genr Is Zebrula. It Is likely ; that we
will soon have a good many ; yarJetiei
of the Zebrula , at ! there are two spe
ties of zebras , those inhabiting the
mountains und those Inhabiting tit
plains , and the crossing of these In
various ways should gIve a great yarl
ety of markings and other conforma I
tions. -
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English Wheat Importa.
Statistics which have been collected
relative to the wheat acreage or Eng
land show that whereas In 1868 It
was 3,500,000 acres , In 1904 It was
only 1,375,000 acres , the shrinkage
since 1D03 being 13 per cent. Under
these circumstances It Is not surprisIng -
lag that England is the heaviest importer -
porter of wheat and wheat flour In the
world. Heretofore this trade has
largely been held by the United States
which had until 1D03 furnished more
than half the British Imports of wheat
and three.fourths of their imports of
flour. But in 1903 , though Great Britain -
tain imported 164,505,380 bushels , the
United States supplied only 45,167,9D1
bushels , or about 27 per cent. During ;
the first eight months or the present
year or up to August 31st , the United
Kingdom imported from all sources
I 113,390,350 bushels , or about 9.000,000
bushels more than during the same
period last year , and of the total the .
United States furnished less than 10 . .
per cent , time balance being obtained I.
from [ Russia , Argentina , British Inv r
din , and Australasia. This indepen , ,
dente or the biggest buyer of wheat
ot time UnIted States as a source of
supply only deepens the mystery or
the present extraordinarily high price 1
of wheat In this countr ) ' . True the '
crop Is under the average and much )
of the Northwestern wheat will : rank
below milling grade , but unless the
supply ; Is insufficient for home con
sumption , and that is not claimed It
Is difficult to account for abnormal
values on any other basis than specu-
latlvo manipulation of the market.
High prIces are of course factors fu , " . ,
the decline of wheat exports "
Nut.Bearlng Trees.
Most of our people take little inter-
est in the growing of nuts , and it Is
rather remarkable that in the light
of this we should still have the
amount of nuts on the market we donuts 1
-nut sufficient : : to supply the demands -
mands of a large population. But u
with the increase of population we \
must expect to see the demand for '
nuts increase. That there will always -
ways be a good market for nuts Is - -
without controversy An increase in
the price is not going to stimulate
production to the point where there
will be an over.supply. It takes too
many years to bring a nut tree to
the poInt of bearing for us ever to . _
have a very great over'Buppl ; 7
But just Ilt this time time question
of reforesting many plots on the farm
Is being considered. Why not plant
groves of nut trees as well as other
hinds of trees. The woods of some
nut trees are quite valuable. The
planter will have the satisfaction of
seeing a grove of beautiful trees
growing up on his farm and may live
to reap the fruit or them. Where
single trees arc to bo planted in pllS-
tunes it will be hard to find trees
more suitable than some or those that "
bear nuts.
Help the Creamerymnn.
The creameryman and the choese-
maker are bound up with the men
hat furnish them with milk more '
han Is the ordinary manufacturer A. .
. vita the man that provides him with , . _
raw material. The patron should
focI It his duty to help the croamery-
man in every way he can ; for in so
doing he 1s helping hlmselt. Let him
consider that the creamer'man ; and
he cheesemulter would like to have a
; neatly increased volume of mlIk. Ho
can afford to do Borne agitating In this
line for the greater the volume of
milk the less will be the cost of makIng -
Ing butter and cheese from It. The
man that furnishes only cream should
take unusual care to see that the
cream 1s in perfect shape when it
goes in to the hand ar the man that
Is to make it Into butter.