.
. _ . . .
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crAP' ; $ , o\
( jJiLa x
c . s
Taking Care of the Cropo.
1'ho greatest : handicap } which call
'ho placed Oil 1IIIl11el' Is to have to
/Jlltmlll : with the off - grade whcat.
Whent thatt hall been wet ill the
shock , sprouted , bleached , musty
staff , mean to ill\llll1o amid impossible
III gl'llId , this Is mho worst of all evils
which may beset the operative and
one of the greatest sources of loss ill
running the mlll.
'J'hl'I'O III also the wheat which has
gone Into the stack 111 apparent good
shape nllll llccnlllie of had winds Illld
heavy rains become soaked with water .
tm' Illld then hy heating become stacl :
1llll'Iledlllil / 1I1OIIIIIy , 01' gone into the
hlllll In n damp condition and come
out later IUI bin . burned wheat , which
Iu not only deceptive stuff to buy ,
but which makes unsound flour and
loss If by any mischance It reaches
mho 1'01lH.
No oilier subject III of more vital
hnpol'tnllco tll millers than the quality
of the wheat they t gl'lllll. The miller ,
hy force of hllHllICHS necessity . han
110 use for poor wheat. Unlike the
HtntlRtlclnll ( III' lie crop estimator , ho
thlllltH less of the number of total
bushels raised 01' thc given number
of bushels per acre than ho dues of
the qualll of the grain 1\1111 the pro
portion of It which finally reaches his
bins In 1\ cOllllltlol which will allow
1
It to ho mlllell into the pure , uniform II I I
Ilrollllct U1JOII which his trade is. .
.
hu olI.
In the settlement of a now coun
try , where the production of wheat
largely exceeds the local demand and
the farmers are poor und have not
the means to build granaries to held
their crops , there 18 a heavy movement
mont of wheat "fl'OIl1 the II1I\C'hlno" as
the quickest and easiest lIIethod of
- getting tlto grain raised / off their
hunds To get the money it brings !
Into circulation Is mho one ambition
, , of the I'al'mol' The greater the num-
her of acres / of wheat ho can raise ,
the cheaper / the cost of production ,
and the celerity with which It is
I'ushod to mal'I.lt count for 11I01'0
then quality of pro(1uet. lender such
conditions there Is little stacking \ of
wieut ! and all I ho rains and winds
have full opportunities to damugo.
1'ho most promising outlook ! of 1\ flume
quality of wheat will ho relined In IL
week of bad weather while time farmer
Is "walt Ing for the machine , " aunt as
his ' neighbors are in the salllo ox.
Iloctnnt altltllllo , 1\ period of hall
weather succeeding harvest will ruin
good grain IUIII cause the loss of tholl'
sands of dollars In the lowering of
grades.
The best rind ) m06t successful farm- ;
' have learned from ' ' .
of
ers vo years : experience
11Cl'lonco that It pays to stack their
grain , especially their wheat. That
mysterious process of going "through
the sweat : , " hy which wheat is improved .
proved In color amyl strength after being -
ing cut , had hest bo passed in the
stack , for investigators ! and experts
have found that the longer the period
during which the berry remains in. . .
the chaff and straw the greater is the
Improvement of Its quamy.
'rho market depression which follows -
lows ) the custom of rushing the wheat
to market immediately after harvest
is too well known to need any com-
1II0nt. The supplies are temporarily
) ' than the of '
larger power absorption
and prices are lowered in consequence .
quonco , to the greatest detriment to
the farmer himself. The miller later
Oil suffers from this cause hr having
, the cheap wheat exported to ho
brought Into competition later In the
crop 'car.
The interests of the miller In taking
care of the wheat and having the
fa1'l110r hold it as long ! as possible
for gradual mal'wtlng ] is cvldent.
There is nothing which can bo done
to regulllto or control the weather ,
but all arguments favor the best 111'0'
. - - - - -
. - - - - - - - - -
10rtlCln which 'all he glvell lie crop
front the uloments. As the harvest
season approaches farmers should he
urgell ( to stitch their whent anal give .
It the best chance possible to be !
high In grade and ] dry and sweet
when thl'cshcl1. If threshed In a dry
cOlldltlon there Is little danger of a
loss of gnlllo nftm'wards. A differ.
OIlCO of 10 to 15 cents a bushel In
price hecnllw : of quality alone Is often
the result : of stacking ! wheat ] III a wet
soason. 'l'ho farmer IH time wlllilor and
the miller In glad to pay full prices
for the host grain and ho don't want
the poor ! stuff lit any ! IIrlce
,
Time } question of the host care of
the 1'(1)8 ) 18 or increasing importance
liS mllllllg delUlLIlIl requires moro of
the wheat ralsol1. Advanced fanning
methods grow UII Bldo hy silo with
increased milling . ! facilities amid both
are Iwnolltoll. 1'llt'l'o are 110 two
classes ! which are III such close lle-
each other the
lIellllenco IIIon ) ( U8
miller rind the fllrmor. The success
of the OliO usually means time success
of the othm' In 110 other particular !
do time two interests harlllouizo as In
the Imlll'ovollwill of the wheat crop
No other clement will improve the
duality more than the care of the crop
after clllth ! ! ; , II Is In the Interest of
every miller to urge "slae1""g time
wheat , " l1ull bout will Iw the gainer
hy hotter Cualitlos.Tllllng fUlll
Grain Now : ! .
- -
System in Feeding.
Animals cannot get the best reslllts
from their feed unless ] it Is given
thorn regularly and in quite uniform
portions Every farmer should have
11 regular system for the feeding of
his farm animals , whether the I1ni.
mals uo the ores used for the production .
tlon of meat and milk or for the production -
ductlon of force to UO expended in
ahol' ] Irregular meals are as bad for
animals as for human uolngs The di-
iestlvo systems adapt themselves to
certain habits and seen to 'ue as
much opposed to irregularity as if
they were sentient bolngs. On many
farms there Is no system of feeding
and time results obtained are poor.
One man will \ work his horses for
hours beyond their regular meal ]
limes During the last hour or so the
animal Is losing vigor rapldy. ] He is
given food when his strength is partly
oxhaustod. The stomach had not the
vigor I of digestion that it had at the
regular eating time , and time result Is
more 01' less ] dIsarrangement , some-
tllncs resulting In the imperfect diges-
tion of the food talon This Is a matter .
tOl' that every human being has ex
11OI'Ioncod hll1lHolf. 'rho results are
far more disastrous limn wo have
been led to 8U1l1l08e. 'rho fact is eas-
lor to establish than the reason for ll
The cow , the pig ! , and the sheep , when
dopenlllng 011 man to do lie feeding
fare best and thrive best ! when their .
food comes ill accordance with a regular -
ular system. It Is not so much a
question of how many meals an animal -
mal has n day us of their rogularlty.
Oleo In Iowa.
The Iowa Supreme Court has handed -
ed down unothor docislon going to
strengthen the position of the state
law on the question of oleomargarine
colored to resemble hutter. The state
law ] prohibits the selling in the state
of all oleomargarine colored yellow to
resemble ; : ; uutler. A Chicago company
appellled a case from the lower ] court
Oil the contention that the law of
Iowa fiS 1l relates to the colored matter . I
tel' in oleomargarine Is unconstitutional . .
tlonal , as the color In the oleomargarine -
ino came In naturally by the use at
ingredients natural to the things from
which oleomargarine is mado. The
court holds that it makes no difference -
enco how the color got in : if the coloring .
orlng matter Is there in sufficient
quantities to make the oleomargarine
resemble butter it is an illegal prod-
uct. The court goes further and declares -
cares ] that the state could , It It
wished , prevent absolutely the sale of
oleomargarino. The decision also re
cites that tine original intention In the
manufacture of oleomargarine was to
make It so resemble butter that the
consumer could not tell it from the
thing 1l imitated and thus penult tile
denIers to sell 1l for butter.
.
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, : _ .r. . , t1. ; j . 10"e. - , ' :
. . : . - ' J . .n , _ --e.
The Incubator on the Farm.
The incubator and brooder arc the
modern allies of the poultry raiscr.
Originally the fowl laid ] but few more
eggs than she could hatch. It.1s different .
fOl'cnt now. We have developed our
hen to lay ) 160 eggs a year , and she
can at most hatch not more than
thirty of them 1'0 keep the hatching
ability up to the laying ablllty wo
have had to invent the incubator and
rooder. These machines are espe-
clnlly adapted to the use of people
that are malting a business of poultry
raising , but they are also ) adapted in a
lesser degree to the use of our farmers .
ers that keep flocks of a hundred or
more fows ] On some of our large )
farms from 200 to 600 fowls are raised
annually. Yet In a good many instances .
stances the only means of hatching is
from hons. The operation drags along
through the summer , with the result
that In the fall the farmer has a good
many kinds and sizes of fowls ) for
sale ] , some at them marketable ] and
some not. On a farm such as we have
montloned 1l will certainly pay to buy
and use an incubator and brooder or
broodors.
In the frst place there is uniformity
in the flock , both as to age and 8lze.
The birds can UO raised by the hun-
dreds In March and April , at which
time eggs are readily obtainable , and
when fall comes the birds that are to
bo disposed of will ue all of a size
I
and well grown. They will then bring ;
a better price than otherwise , It the
seller knows his businoss. This will
bo true whether the birds are sent to
some commission house or are dis
posed of to the private trade.
Another advantage in ming an incubator .
cubator Is the increased certainty of
having chicks at all. There are some
years , as all of our poultry raisers
know ] , when the hens show little inclination -
clination to ue broody and more than
once the poultry raiser has found himself -
self at the beginning of summer with
- - - -
only halt the number' of chicks ho 0x-
pectell to have. The number to ue
hatched is controllable ] uy the mna-
chines , but not othorwiso. A man can
start the machines in February or
March and hatch till be has secured
the number ho wants for raising
Then he can stop. If the first hatches
prove a disappointment ho can continue .
tlnue to use his machine a little long-
cr. Not so the hon. She will often
disappoint one and then make no second .
end attempt to make good her promises .
ises to bring forth a urood. I
Then , too , time brooder removes the
necessity of making nests for the sitting .
ting hens. This is a large ) task where
hundreds of birds are to UO ralsoll.
Frequently the nests oC the sItters interfere -
terfore with the placing of nests for
laying purposes. The care or the hens
is certainly as great as Is time care oC
the incubator , and after one becomes
expert with time incubator the care
Is less. The care of an incubator
lessens in proportion as wo get acquainted .
quaintod with it , which can scarcely
bo said of the hen. Wo have referred
only to the use of the incubator in the
spring , as the fall use relates to the
production of broilers , which is a
business almost of itself. Time incu
ur-tor also makes it possible to get
the birds out ot the shell in time to
develop into winter layers before the
snow files.
Packing and Shipping Eggs In Den-
mark.
The work of grading and testing Is
done mostly uy women , who become
very expert. The eggs are graded according -
cording to weight. There are six recognized -
ognized classes , ranging from G1 % to
9 kilograms per 120 eggs (1.43 ( to 2
pounds per dozen eggs ) . The expert
graders work behInd a long table ,
upon which they have six wooden egg
racks , or frames , each frame wIth ten .
dozen halos In which the eggs are ,
placod. The graders can tell at a r
glance to which grade an egg belongs , 1.
and they distribute them very dertly.
When a frame is filled with ten dozen
I
eggs ( which arc taken directly from
the boxes received from the circles ) ,
the frames arc taken uy a man and
weighed. If the 120 eggs weigh too
much or too little for the grade for
which they are intended , eggs are
taken out and substituted with larger
or smaller ones , as the case may be.
The frame of 120 eggs Is taken Into a
small , tightly closed room and set on
. .
top of a hopper-shaped box , which Is
about two foot deep , the sides of
which are lined with looking-glass.
The bottom of this hopper-shaped box ,
Is about eight uy thirty inches. Four
sixteen , candlepower ] electric lights
stand up from the bottom , equal distances .
tances apart. The eggs , us above indicated .
dicated , arc paced ) over these lights
and looking-glasses , thick ends up.
The tester looks carefully at and
through each egg , and It any bo unsound .
sound they are rejected.
The eggs are lien carefully and
snugly packed , side by side , wIth
nothing between them , in four layers ,
In pine boxes 22 uy 72 Inches , nine
I inches deop. Between each two layers .
I ers of eggs Is a substantial layer at
straight , clean rye straw : on the top
layer of eggs another layer of straw. -
The thin boards are securely nailed
on , the boxes are properly marked
with the company's trademark , the
number of eggs and the grade indicated .
eated , and they are sent to the shIp.
All eggs are sold uy the pound. The
co-operatlvo company pays all expenses .
penses from the time the eggs leave j
'
the circles until they are placed on
board ship. The average expense Is
about one cent per dozen. The cost
of collecting the eggs from the farmers .
ers and bringing them to the circle
centers Is borne uy the circles them-
selves. This work Is done uy a collector .
lector selected by the circle board. .
The collector Is usually paid so much
per pound of eggs collected. The expense - , . . -
ponse of this collection is very low , : I
'
perhaps on an average not more than
ono-hnlt cent per dozen. The total
cost to the farmer tram the time the
eggs leave the nests until they are on
board steamer is therefore one and
one-half cent per dozen. - United
States Consular Report.
-
To Get Winter Eggs.
I have been In the poultry business
for a long ) time , and my experience
has commvineed me that [ lie first thing
to do to secure winter eggs is to have
a warm pace ] for the hens. The tem-
porahll'o should not ue lower than
about 40 degrees above zero. I feed
all kinds at grain I can get , but not
too much corn , as in that case the
birds will get too fat. The houses and I
yards should be kept very clean , and '
the fowls should not be allowed to _
eat foul sturt. They should have a
good deal at exercise , and this may be
Induced by throwing grain into Utter.
The nests should ue kept clean and
the nest litter changed quite often.
Green cut bone is the best thing to
sthnunte ] egg ' " production that I have
ever used. .
J. K. Austin ,
Iroquois County , Illinois.
Pigs In Prison.
In the older parts at the country
It has been the practice to keep the
pigs shut up from birth to maturity.
A' little len in the barn was thought
to UO sufficient and sometimes there
was even no yard for the pigs to run
out in. The said pen was sometimes
' -l :
only six or eight feet square. Hero - ' - (
the pigs were kept close prisoners.
No fonder that troubles like thumps
were common with pigs so treated.
' 1'0 _ some extent this practice sllll
reinllins. There is no question that .
swine should UO given room for exercise -
cise even if no pecuniary advantage
can be figured from it. None at our
farms are so small that there Is not -
an abundance at room for the yard
that should be connected with every
pig pen. The larger the yard the
better , and if 1l Is large enough t9
bo divided into sections In which
green stuff may ue grown alternately , v . .
it will be the more profitahle.