.
' ' .
' '
. ' ! - - r ' ' . : ' - , " j " . ' , ) :
L ' > > . .l
- " " -
> , " " , . "
c " ,
. '
" ,
.
. . . i
. ' # :
. r : . .
' . . :
' < r. , ,
'
r' ' , , . ' "
. s ; ( ,1 ; r
" : ' : . , . t I\ L r
(
I ' " ' . . '
" : : s
. ,
-
" " . " " " " , . ' A&1ig2'
. ' . J. , j. ' 1' . A Trick In Seed Selling.
1l' : : . ; . . H The Grain Dealers' National ASSOCi
y : _ atlon , recently in session in Milwaukee -
.
, ' lee ; : , passed the follo'Ning resolutions ! :
, Whereas , Seed hCascs do a large
t' : ' business in the sale of seed grains ,
and thereby may materially affect the
' general business of the crops of grain
a thus produced , either for halter or
' worse ; and ,
' , . . Whereas , It is lCJo\\"n that seed
thus sold by seed hO'lses does not always -
, . ways possess the mint of type and
, , breeding sufficient to meet the expec
tatlons of the purchaser : , and in fact
. often docs not tene to. raise ! the
standard of the general crops pro-
duced. For example it has been too
.
, common a practice for secdsmcn to
purchase ordinary clrn from farmers'
} cribs and sell the same under special
- , brands when In fast it possessed no
special merit whatever , with respect
to type and breedint ; , and the same is
true ill regard to other grains : there-
a. fore ,
- - Resolved ' ' Dealers'
- , \ , 'I'hat the Grain
National Assoclati ! , now in convent .
Lion assembled In Milwaukee this 23d
i
day of June , 1904 , does hereby urgently -
ly request all firms engaged In the
selling of seed graIn to adopt a tire
of business policy that will result in
' giving more attention to the questions
; ; of type and breedlllg and adaptability
I and thereby assist In Improving the
quality and yield jot grains ; also ,
; ; y Resolved , That the secretary be instructed -
structed to send It cop of this reM-
Wt1r , lution , to all the principal firms engaged - .
gaged in the business or selling seed
zr.w grains In the grain producing states ,
and also to all the leading agricul-
tural papes in the country.
. . .
a' f. The practice against which the resolution -
, , elution Is directed Is one that has
- long been condemned by conscientious :
dealers. It not only injures the farm-
ers , but Injures the firms that are try.
trying
6 gratifying to see a great association
take the stand that this one has takEn.
} The agitation hI sure to bear trull.-
, Farmers' Review.
Corn In British India.
. The cultivation of IndIan corn , or
T-
maize , has within the past century
become a factor ot great importance ,
In the rural economy or British India. I
. The Indian agriculturist ( Calcutta )
rf of June 1 , 1904 , says : This grain , if
we consider the whole of India collectively -
lectively , is now of equal economic
importance with wheat. In the hilly
tracts of the country especially , and
among the bulk of the aboriginal
tribes , It I. chiefly depended upon as I .
a means of subsistence. Yet the bot-
anist , Roxburl'h , writing about a hundred .
dred years ago , described It as 'culti
. . ' . ' 'fatee in various parts of India In gardens .
. . : . dens , and only as 1\ delicacy , but not
; anywhere on the continent of India ,
. t . . ' as far as I can learn , as an extensive
; " ; ' : . crop. ' Its use In upper India may have
; ' . , been more general at that time than
. this writer was aware , for its most
"
\
" common vernacular name , makkal ,
. . ' . ° derived tram Mecca , Is supposed to associate .
: , ' : ; soclate its introduction with the Mogul .
\'J\ , " . , gul dynaaty. But there is no name
I , for maize In Sanskrit , and the grain
has no recognized place : n the reo
l'\r ; IIglous or social ceremonies of the
; Hindus. Few of those who cultivate
Jt now have any Idea that It ia an
innovation , and the fact that Its local
Ir name Is often that of some much older
crop encourages the pious belief that
It has been the staple food of the
district for untold generations. "
- -
.
Those who haye watched the live
stock , inter , gate ! , .pf the country " know
that , they ' , are ' . advancing , slowly aa , little .
tle each year. It 1,8 , however , P08'
t' ' etble to make to more marked ads .
4 ; r YaDce.
i
s
. .
. \ I
. . . . .
Some Geed Cows.
Evidently there are some good cows
In the herds competing t the World's
Fall' In a recent ! ten.day test the Ifol-
steins (15 ( cows ) produced an aver.go
of 57.7 pounds of milt ! daily , and this
milk yielded 1.97-110unds of butterfat
dnfly. The pounds of solids not fat
produced daily was 4.48 pounds.
The Jersey cows gave un average of
44.5 pounds of milk per day , and aver-
aged 1.97 pounds.nfbutterfat. . . . The
total pounds of solids produced per
cow per day was 3.77. There were 25
. . .
cows in this test.
Only five Bro"n Swiss cows corn
peted. These produced m average of
51.7 pounds of milk ] daflr. 'his mlllt
contained 1.6G pound % of butter fat
and 4.41 pounds of solids other than
hutter-fat.
In the Shorthorn herd competing
there were 29 cows. These produced
. an nyCI age of 3G.8 pounds of milk , and
this milk contained 1.23 pounds of butterfat -
terfat and 3.06 pounds of solids other
than butler fat.
AB of the te ! records are good , hut
when the production per 1,000 pounds
of cow weight ia figured out and the
.
relative cost of production the specific
dairy breeds will doubtless be seen to
be far ahead of the others. The Short- :
horn cows especially seem to have suf-
fered by the 'test.
Thickness of Cream at Churning Time
A weJl.lmown buttermaker says that
the rrlcher the cream the lower must
be the temperature at which It must
be churned to get' the best of results.
It is not desirable to have the butter- :
fat comprise more than 30 per cent
of the cream. Even cream of this
richness should be churned at about
60 degrees , which is a very low point
to secure this time at year. n this
rich cream Is churned at a higher
point the body of the butter will not
be what It should be. The housewife
Is not likely , however , to have cream
of this kind unless the milk Is from
cows whose cream forms a very com-
pact mass. Cows differ greatly In this
respect. The cream layer on the
milk of some animals Is so compact
and cohesive that when It is removed
from the milk it hangs together much
like n piece of leather. Other milk
yields a' layer of cream that breaks
to pieces readily. This milk will not
churn qulckIy. In fact' we have known
the first , described cream to form . butter .
tel' after being churned for two mm-
utes In a common dash churn. It Is
considered best , however , to dilute
such cream , as It is not believed that
butter churned in two minutes bas
as good qualIties as that requiring
twenty minutes or thereabout to churn.
New Zealand and Dairy Export.
The general public doe not , per-
haps , realize how large a place New
Zealand is filling In the production of
butter and cheese for consumption In
England. New' Zealand is nS yet but
n thinly populated country , and the'
annual receipts of several million dollars -
lars for butter and cheese sold In the
English } market Is a considerable Item.
The trade has largely been built up
during the last ten y ar8. It now
amounts to about seven million dollars -
lars for butter and a million for
cheesc For the year ending March ,
1896 , New Zealand exported butter to
the value of 263,244 pounds and cheese
to the value of 160,383 pounds. A
pound Is equal to $4.86 In our money.
By 1900 the exports of butter from
New Zealand were worth 693,701
pounds and of cheese 208,258 pouncs. .
The development has been very
steady , showing the healthy condi-
tion of the trade and tqe gradual increase .
crease , In' the ; cow : population .ot' New'
Zealand ; For the' year ending March :
1904 , the exports of butter were worth
1,440,237 pounds In.1 of cheese 21'1,149
pound"
c1g'I
: : . . w . , . ; r. . . . . .
Yarding Fowls.
A good deal of experimenting will
have to be done before the question of I
rnrdJng : fowls is settled. With the
small flock on the farm the problem
is not n large one , but with the large
flock the problems increase both 1I1'
size find number. If n man have seV-
eral hundred hens shan he let them
all have the run of the farm ; shun
he confine them In one yard : or in
several ? The man with a good many
fowls will hardly care to let them
have the run of the farm. With a
small flock it Is different ; and he will
need to keep them confined only while
the plants arc getting a start in the
spring. After the garden has got tu
growing well the birds may be turned
In with no possibility ! of harm except
to lettuce and to Tomatoes when they
begin to get ripe. As to other vegeta-
bles the birds will ! only prove a help
uy picking off the bugs. Also to the
fall of the year when the grain has
been harvested the ( birds will ! do the
farmer much good in his grain fields
hy lllclting up the seeds that have
dropped from the heads in time or hal'-
vesting. Incidental arrangements and
circumstances also affect the IJroulem.
I A lady told the writer that she had 200
Brown Leghorn hens. She said her
husband was a thresher and- much
grain was hauled to his farm and
threshed there. This gave n consid-
enable amount of lost grain which
supported her 200 fowls with little
.
other feeel. TIlls was a happy arrangement
ment that seldom exists.
All things being equal , it will be
better to keep large flocks yarded
most . of the time. If there are more
than one flock they may be turned out
after the grain harvest , one flock one
day and another another. But it Is
far easier to keep the flocks shut up
and establish a regular system of
'ardlng and feeding them. In this
country of cheap land there seems little -
tle reason In depriving fowls of room.
The more room the less the required
height of the fence. Yards on farms
should be large enough so that they
can be divided Into two or three
parts. Green stuff , like rape and. oats
may he sown in one part , and after it
has obtained a good growth the fowls
may be turned In and another part of
the yard seoded. It is not possible to
grow any crop while the fowls arc
In the yard as they will feed off thc
developing crop to the roots.
If a man have heavy fowls the
fences need be not more than three
feet high. The birds will not gen-
erally try to fly over. This does not
include the Pl'mouth Rocks , which
are both quite heavy and good flyers.
We have found that with a good.slzed
yard a lour.foot wire fence will slop
even the Leghorns If there Is no board
I
at the top of the fenoe. They will
not make the attempt to fly over unless .
less they can have a board to light
on. On the other hand , In cramped
quarters we have seen Leghorns be :
come very expert In getting over a
wire fence even without a top board.
It Is a mistake to suppose that
fowls havIng the run of the farm lay
more than birds yarded. Carefully
conducted experiments 'have failed to
show any advantage of this kind ,
popular Impressions to the contrary
notwithstanding. The man that yards
his fowls must simply supply them
with the green and animal food they
would get on their foraging expedl ,
tlons.
Habit and Hen.
Anyone that has had the feeding of
fowls for a number of years will no-
Uce. what creatures of habit they are.
They become used tq one kind of feed
and want to stick to , that feed , In pref-
ei'enc'c to other feeds of the same gen.
eral character. That Is if the chicks
are fed oats they will always prefer
oats to other grain , and the same Is
, " , - - - , , . - . - '
r ' 11 ' 7 - ' ' ' , ' ! , ' 'to ' , . . . . . . . . . . " . ' 1.
true It they are brought Up on corn.
This does nol hold good In the case
at meat or green food being offered
after they have been on single grain
diet for months. Their feeling of a
lack in this respect overcomes their
Inclination to stick to one thing. 1'his.
call ue illustrated by keeping chicks
for a number ot weeks after they are
born on some particular ration like
cracked corn. They will then take
that In preference to other things of
the same general nnture. The writer
has had illustration or this again and
ngain. Thus some men have declared
that hens will not cat ants 1'ho' '
writer has always fed oats in large
quantities to his fowls from the time
they were old enough to eat grnin.
He once kept his fowls from oats for
a few days , giving them corn Inslead.
Then he tool the corn away and gave
the fowls a mixed ration or corn and
oats. 'fhe birds made n lunge for the
outs , pushing the com aside with their
bills and picking only the oats till
they were antis fled.
The Nilrragansett Turkey.
Time Nnrragansctts arc next In size
to the Drollzc. The ground color of
their plumage Is black , each feather
ending with a band or steel gray
edged with hlacl This gives a grayish .
Ish color to the surface lllumngo
.
: T i At' . .
-
NRrragnneett Turkey ( Mule ) . .
They are beautiful form and feather
and breed true to shape and color.
The female is lighter In her markings
than the male The weight of the
males runs from 20 to 30 pounds and
of the females 12 to 18 pounds.
An Incubation Experiment.
In the incubation experiments , 8,677
eggs from various sources have been
set In the incubators. or these , 7,206 ,
or 83 per cent. , were forUie. Three
thousand three hundred and forty-
eight , or 46 per cent. , of the fertile
eggs were hatched. This was 38.6 per
cent of the total number. The
efficiency of hatching > > under various
conditions ranged from 0 per cent to
84 per cent. These experiments were
planned In the direction of testing the
efficiency of the machines and the influence -
fluence of moisture and room temperature -
ture upon the batch.-Rhode Island
Slatlon.
It pays to candle eggs unless the
date of their being laid 18 certainly
known.
.
On the Range.
Reports from the ranges Indicate
a large supply of cattle and very gOOd
agricultural conditions. The rains
have been copious during a large part
of this grazing season and consequently -
quently the production of grass on the
plains bas been good. The lack of
drinking facilities has not been felt
on the plains this year 8S In some
former years ; for the reason that
many of the springs have been kept
supplied by the rains. This has made
a condition that Is favorable for graz-
Ing The only drawback is that last
winter was unusually severe on range
stock and they came Into spring In
poor condition , thus necessitating a
longer feeding period In summer for ' .
their preparation tor market The
abundance of good grass encourages
the rangers to believe that the cattle
will put on weiGht rapidly from now
on.
-
