. CASH INCOME fROM fARMS I ,
Effect of Republican Policies in the Corn Belt
and Wheat Growing States. .
VALUE OF LANDS GREATLY INCREASED
.
Prices of Cereals in "Lean" and "Fat" Years- '
Market Demand Affected by Action of Na-
. tional Administration-Rise in Values. ,
I
It has been quite customary for Dem-
ocratic writers and speaters to attribute
the extraordinary prosperity of the last
. eight years to Providence . and to deny ;
that the Republican party could be espe-
dally allied with Providence.
In answer to this contention President
Roosevelt : in one or his campaign
speeches in 1900 made the witty remark
that tlle Democratic party hall "fuse
with about everything except Provi-
dence. "
In relation to the remarkable increase
In the agricultural l prosperity or the
' United States during the years or Republican -
publican rule subsequent to the last
Democratic ndmiriistration (1893-189i } .
It is the Democratic. policy to sneeringly
ask if the Republican party produced the
bountiful cops . or had anything to ( do
with the droughts the rust or other in-
liuences bu1lishiy affecting the prices of
commodities the farmer had to sell.
Suob sneering remarks however cannot .
not suppress the fact that while there
have been many vicissitudes during the
last eight years ill crop conditions yet
there baa aU this time been a more or
increase in the cash
. . less steady find big
y income , from American farms.
In 1D)1. ! for instance owing to hot
winds and drought ! there was a lean
year In eoSn ; and yet the farmers of the
United States got $921t'iw.768 for their
corn of that Republican year as against
$491.00a.9G7 their corn of the Democratic .
Geratic year 189 . which was a "fat
year " os regards naturally splendid i
crop conditions but fl lean year indeed
811 regards pl" ces. The Republican yen
1001 vas thus a year in which prosper-
Ity for the Oorn Belt farmers was preserved -
served despite a great natural disaster
to file corn crop while the Democratic
year 18913 was a year ill which there was
no prosperity in the Cora Belt despite
the especially bountiful size of the corn
crop.
Dollar Wheat va. Fifty Cent Wheat.
AT THE PRIDSIDNT > : WRITING
THE GASH PRICE OF WHEAT AT
CHIOAGO' is ABOUT $1.10. In Au-
gust 1003. it. was 711-4 to 903 . cents ;
In August 1902. it wall n8 4to" . . , dents ;
In August 1901 it was GG % to 71 cents ;
in August 1906 . it was 71 % to 76tA
cents ; in August 1899. it was G9 to 741f.J
cents ; : in August 1898. it was 65 th to
'Iri cents ; in August ; , 1891. it was 751
ta $ 1.07 ; In August 189li. it was 53 to
G34 cents ; in August 180 ; . it was 58:4 :
to 72 cents ; IN AUGUST 1894. IT
"WAS 511 ' TO 5SthC NTS. . ' "
A1. PItfiS17NT WRITING THE
CASH PRICE OF QORN AT CHI-
01\.GO IS 5G OEN'l..S. , In August , 1003.
It was fiOt,4 tot cents ; in August , 1002.
it was GO to Gf ( cents : in August 1001.
it was )3 ( ) % : to 571 : cents ; in August ,
i 1900 it was 371,4 to 41 % , ' cents ; in Au-
gast 1899 It was' 30th to 33 cents ; in
August 1 9S . it was 2\)0/1 \ to 33 % : cents :
In August 1897 . it . was 2614 to 32 %
cents ; IN AUGUST . 1896. IT WAS
2051 TO 25 OE'NTS.
.TnI'd SUck of nCllubllcan Pro"pcrlty.
{ The general , drift of these price fig'
urea covering a period of about eight .
years has been of course significant not
merely of the size or the crops or these
particular years but of the general
steady increase in market demallll.
Wheat is , not only a "sufI or life , " but
it 1s also as regards its consumption a
ytrd-stick of national pro ress. The
more people advance in civilization and
in prosperity the more wheat flour will
they consume. The present great , : awak- .
ening amongst the Oriental races is synchronous ; -
chronous with the de'eopment ) of an
enormous trade in Pacific Coast wheat
flour through the " . < Ipcn , door" to these na-
tions of thc Orient.
In the case of corn it is certainly a
, fact worthy or , much attentive interest
e that despite the high prices for com dur-
, : . fug be last three , years , the demand even
at these high prices has not abated. And
notwithstanding we' seem likely to ( have
this year a crop or OO.000,000 bush-
els corn is now about 56 cents per
bushel at Ohicago. In IB)6 ! the total
crop was 2.282.875.165 bushels but the
price in August .of that year was 20 %
to ; 25 cents at Ohicag-not half what
it is - now !
Per Capita Consumption of Wheat
Increase.
The Republican policy of building up
the manufactures Jf the United Stlltes-
of placing the factory besille the rarm-
. accounts for the broader and better
' Il\nkef \ the farmer during the last eight
years has been steadily getting , : for his
11roducts. This is oticeable in the case
of practically everything he has to sell
-incrcujn consumption making price <
relatively better no matter what the size
or Iris : crQls.
Figures oC the Bureau oC Statistics
show that the whcat consumption oC the
United States in the fiscal yen 1904 !
was the largest in the history of the
country. The tAble which follows shows
the quantity : or wheat retained for COli-
6uIllJUOn in total and per capita in each
fiscal year from 1800 to and including
1004 :
Whcat and wheat flour retained for
benne consumption :
Fiscal Total Per Capita
t Year Bushels. BU8hels.
1690 . . . . . . . . .381,129.533 , : 0.09 !
1891 . . . . . . . . .29SOS0.HS : ( 4.fI !
lSt2 ! . . . . . . . . .3S0,761,724 : : ! 5. ! ) . !
18H3 . . . . . . . . . -L431.470 : : ! 4.8
1894 . . . . . . . . .232.815.041 3. + 1
189 ; . . . . . . . . .316. 314.305 : 4.59
1896 . . . . . . . - .34 pt5S,971) ( ) ) 4.85
1897..o .G01.700 3.0j
1898. : . . . . . . . .3.13,021235 4.29
1899 . . . . . . . . .452,470.332 6.ro
lDrK , . . . . . . . . .6t1 i..2 9.920 4.i4
1fi&1 ' . . . . . . . . ,3QG,173,421 3.05
1Qtc . . . . . . . . . . 513 : 7 63 . 7 41 6.50
1933..466,975,913 ! : ) 5.81 : >
1004. ( . . . . . . . .5li.143,143 G.33
In this table it is significant to note
that the lowest per capita of wheat consumption -
sUllIption during the last fourteen years
occurred during : the Democratic period
from 893 to 1897. and that since the
first election or William McKinley and
the inauguration of Republican policies
UII to the present time there has been
AN INOIUASE OF OVER ONE-
THIRD IN PER CAPITA CONSUaIP-
T'ION OJ WHE.-\.T.
lBcrco.ed Value of Warm Lan ! ! . .
The farm lands ! or the United States
represent the great portion of its real
capital. When crop after crop is pro-
duced from the soil the capital still remains -
mains practically intact unless bad
judgment is used in planting crops
without rotation or unless the cream or
the soil ! is washed way by floods , or
unless the productive value is otherwise
destroyed through various kinds oC im-
providence like the interference with
forest life at the headwaters or streams.
The farm lands of the country are thus
unlimited sources oC wealth as compared
with mines and forests the annual in-
come from which represent not real in-
come but instead encroachments on real
capital.
how the Increment 18 Earned
The value of the crops produced dur-
ing n particular season tend to regulate
the value of the capital ( the soil ) from
which they are produced just like the
dividends which different securities
which pay them. Henry George has
.
spoken or the "unearned increment" that
bas arisen from the appreciation in land
'alnes. But while the agricultural his-
tory or the United States for the last
eight years : has shown an enormous
amount or this "increment , " yet to say
that it has been "unearned" is a rank
injustice to the farmers who have cooperated -
operated with Providence to produce
the crops on which not only land values .
but the national prosperity is based from
year to year.
There are some people who seem to
think that it is only by speculation that
wealth is acquired. There are other
people who hold that hard industry is
all that is needed for the accumulation
of the riches oC this earth. There are
others who lay stress on smartness , on
economy and on other traits or long
headedness. But while there are many
different ways by which individuals or
our country haTe grown wealthy , yet to
trace out how the United States is : a
nation has grown to be 11 multi-billion-
aire we must primarily consider the
record of yield and prices on our crops.
It is a popular delusion that the size
of the crops is the whole thing as regards -
gards agricultural prosperity. Provi-
dence and the farmer's individual dili-
gence are relponsible for the size of his ,
cropM. nut tile financial appraisement
ot this great work of Providence awl
himself which makes up the "sup pi , . . . "
is determined by the market "demand " ,
i
and this in turn is affected largely by
national economic policies.
Except for wheat the supply from
this year's crops ot the United States
will probably be greater than for last
year. In the aggregate as regards size
.
the crops will this year very likely ! be
the most abundant in our history , unless
the present bumper prospects in corn
should at the eleventh hour , be reduced
by unlucky visitation ot frost And in
the aggregate I1S regards values , it looks
as it our crops would this year bring
greater wealth to the United States than
ever before.
t ' tendy Gains In Valne.
The following tables show how steady
have been the gains in cash values or
staple crops despite fluctuations from
year to year in size of crops :
COlt. . .
Production. Totlll Vl11ue.
Totals-1903 , 2 : . 1.1i6.925 952,868SO1 : : !
1902..2,523,648,31'21,017,017,3.49 !
1)1..1.5 ( 2,5UJ.891 921.555.i68
1900. .2lj.l02.516 ( 751,220,034
1899. . ,078,143,933 620,210.110
1898..1,924.184.660 552.023.428
1897. .1.002.007,933 001.072.952
1896..2,2S3.8i5ltJ5 401.000,007
1895. ; . 2,151,138,580 544.98.3.534
4..1.212.7iO.052 5. > 4.i1D.162
18 3..1.619.49G,131 91.625,62i : >
1892. . -8.4H4.000 642,14G.630
OATS.
Production. Total Value.
Totals-1)03 ! . .784.094,100 2fi.G6V)5
1902. . .9SiSt2.712 303.534.85
1001. . .73t , SOS.i24 2V3,6. " S,77i
i903..7t6SOS,724 293,658,777
1900. . .803.12.080 ; 208.669.233
18.99. . . 796,177 .i13 198.167,9iJ ;
189S. . .730.903,643 18G,4i,364 ( :
1897 ! ) . .Gn ,71J7.S09 147.9 7 4 . 719
18:113. : . . iOi.3-6.40 ! 132.485.0.13
189:1. . . 824. + t3.5a 7 16 4.nOU8 (
ISH ) ! . . .G 2,03li,028 214.81GO0 : : !
lS ! 3. . .G3S.S-.t.S50 187,570.002
18 2. . . GtH.03iOOO : 200.2J3.611 ;
RYE.
Production. Total Y\lue.
Totals-1f103 . . .29.3.3.416 ( 15.0)3.8il !
1902. . . . : ; 1.t 0.fJ2 ! 1i.OSO.i93
1901. . . .30. : > 84.830 IG.non.i42
moo. . . .23.n0:1O l2",295,417 :
1899..23,901.7.41 ! ; 12.214.118
1593..25.637,522 11.875.350 ,
1597.7,303,324 ! : : 12.23.IH7 !
1090..24,309,047 ! : ! 9.960iG
1595..27,210,0 7 0 11.0134.826
HAY.
Production. Total Ynlue.
Totals-1903. . . Hl.30HO ; ! 5jG,376.8S0
190 . . . .59.8i.576 ) 542.036.364
1\)00. \ . . . ; : ; 0.110,906H5,538SiO
ISH ! ) . . . .r G.GI)5,7)6 ) ; 411.92G.187
18.1)8. . . .mi.37I3,90 : 398,060,647
18 : } . . . . HO.GlH.8iG 401.3nO.72S
1S96..59.2S2,15S ) ; 358,145.614
189. . . .4..0.8,541 393.8:5.U1iJ : ]
- - - - -
POTATOES.
Production. Total Value.
Tot:1ls-1 . .247,127,880 151,638,094
1902. . .284,632,787 134.111.430
1000. . . 21O,92GSi ! OO,811.16i
1899 ! ! . . .228. i83.232 59,328.832
488..10 ° _ ,306,338 79,574,772 c '
18 7. . .1G4.015.D64 89.643,059
18 : > 6. . .252.23.,540 72,1&2,350' '
1895. . . 297.237,3iO 78,984,001
A L.esu I. P.t..toee.
The last annual report of Secretary
Stone of the Chicag. Board or Trade
makes ' ! some significant remarks regard- ,
ing these steady gains in the cash value '
or our crops. It says :
"Our production of wheat in 1003
aggregated 637,822,000 bushels ; of corn
2,2-Hl i.OOO bushels ; of oats 784OM. ! . :
000 bushels ; or rye 29,3G3.000 bushels ; ,
of barley . 131.8G1.000 bushels , showing !
a total yield or the principal cereals of .
iu round numbers 3,38i,31T.OOO bush- '
els . valued on the farm at $1,739,715 ,
476 , grown on 1i2,095ll acres. Our :
crop of hay aggregated 61,306.000 tons. '
2"i-
The yield or potatoes aggregated
12 , OOO bushels valued at $151G38OOO ,
produced on 2,916.855 acres ; the yield ;
was 3i.505OOO bushels less than that
of the preceding year but the value was
$17,527,000 greater showing the larg-
est valuation recorded in any year , and
MORE THAN TWICE THAT 01"
1800.
"The farm value or the chief cereals ,
of hay and of potatoes raised in 1903.
amounted to $2.44ii30,450. The crop
of wheat was 32.241.000 bushels less
than that or the preceding year but its
farm value was $20.841,000 greater ; its
valuation was in excess or the value of
the crop or any year excepting that oC
IDOL"
What Mak. . Pricea Blither.
The purpose of this article has thus
been to show that while crops may vary
in size from year to year , the cash in-
come from them seems in a general way
to increase from fear to year whatever -
ever the size of the crops. Last year
(1903) ( ) the total farm value or the chief
cereals and or hay and potatoes was
nearly two billion and a hal dollars ,
and this year it promises to be much
greater ; than last.
So far as the mere size of the crops
is alone concerned it would seem unreas-
enable , for instance , that a crop oC
wheat of O,26i,000 bushels ( the crop
or IBM should , in January , 1895 , have
sold so low as 487E cents per bushel ,
while the 19M crop or wheat which at
the lowest present estimates is 30ooo.-
000 bushels should now be selling at
$1.10 per busbel.
But it is evident that there are causes
at work to make our farm products sell
better front rear : to year. While sup-
plies fluctuate the market demand
steadily increases. This fact should
be considered a very strong "bull"
argument not only on land 'nlues.
but on the general future business ! con-
dition or the country , for every increase
over this two billion and a half dollars or
farm land income of last year means just
so much more increase in the purchasing
power or the American people , and jut
80 much more business for all our industries -
dustries and just so much more work ,
wages and profits for all our people
anxious to better their condition of life.
The causes that are at work to make
farm products Bell better from year to
year are undoubted ! connected with the
general policies of Republican adminis-
tration.
When William McKinley , in 1896 ,
said it was better to open American
mills to American labor than to open
the mints or the United States to the
silver or the world be expressed the
policy that transformed bad times for
the entire people under Democratic role
to good times for the entire people under
Republican rule. With the people in the
cities more prosperous , because of the
policies of protection and or round
money the people in the country were
bound to be more prosperous too be-
cause there was an improved market
for what they had to sell. This In a
nutshell is the secret of the constantly
increasing agricultural prosperity of the
United States under Republican rule.
.
NOT FIT TO BE PRESIDENT.
An "Evenlftl Post" Opinion of Judge
Parker.
( New York Evening Post July 1 , 1003. )
'Ve presume that Judge parker's , great
ingM in Georgia as "our next President"
will not ruffle his judicial calm. Like
the rest or us , be has seen too many next
Presidents a year before election.
They usually swarm like grasshoppers
in July before the nominating com'en-
tion. But the Judge will be subjected
in his Georgia address to a pretty sharp
test of his fitness for President , next
time or ever. Will be have the courage
to speak a direct and wholesome word
t'j the people or the South on the question
which is rapidly becoming the leading national -
tional issue ?
'Ye mean , of course the whole matter
ot abridged suffrage denied citizenship ,
refusal or equal treatment before the
law and the recrudescence or slavery , as
affecting oar negro population. The
Southern papers are full of it , and demanding -
manding that the South be "let alone"
in its challenge or human rights and dis-
regard of the constitution. Edward M.
Shepard told the people or New Orleans
that the South ought to be left to go its
own way. But ron a man named as
"our next President" agree to such a
local nullification of national laws ? If
he can . he is not fit to be President next
year or any year.
Of Cenrae Not.
David B. Hill stated , .in ODe of his
speeches that ) Ir. Roosevelt , on taking
the oath ot office after the death or
President McKinley , aid that he would
not be a candidate for President in 19 < > > .
President Roosevelt has never made a
promise as to , his own personal action
which be did not redeem. The President
is outspoken fair and square. These
are characteristics of the man. He
makes no promises ! be docs not intend to
keep , and he keeps such as he makes.
The silly story started by Hill had no
foundation .in fact , and it is really not
worth the ink and paper that has been
used in denying ; it . except that it once
more marks the character of Hill.
"I have ae words of abuse for
Tkeoslore Koea.velt. X believe him to
be a brave , honest , eon.cientlons Dlan.
1 Jh'chim fall credit for having a
splendid courage of conTictIon.-
Thomas E. W.1lson's speech accepting Populist
nomialUon. :
Liberal compensation for labor makes
liberal customers for our products. The
Republican policy or protection makes
I both.
-
- - - -
. . .
UNLIKE DEMOCRATS
FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS OF
I REPUBLICANS NEVER SHADY.
"Ie of Pkl1l.plae Bcnub : to a Western
Bank , the Hisko.t Bidder D.mlt'- ' -
aoaUc Deal with the BellDo.t
117.Ci..t. ! JUtldle4.
-
The fourth installment ot the $3.000-
000 or Philippine bonds was tAken at
101.41 by the Western National Bank
or Oklahoma City , whose bid for the
bonds was the highest The fact that Q
western bank should outbid leading insti-
tutions oC \Vall street for these bonds
suggests how the West is rapidly gaining
in financial power and importance. No
western bank would have dared to bid
for such a ktrge issue of bonds without
being perfectly satisfied that it could find
a broad market for them amongst local
investor8. The old financial problem oC
the West was to set money from the
East Tune present problem or the West
is to find good channels for the invest-
ment or its own mouey.
By a transaction such as this W8 find
investors in the Southwest become creditors -
item or the Philippine Islands. In other
words they are loaning some ot the
fruits of their own prosperity under Republican -
publican rule to help along the prosperity !
of our nation.s wards in the Philippines.
The security which United States government -
ernment over the Philippines gives to
lives and property trade and industry ,
makes the credit or the islands i good so
. .
that investors are quite willing to pay a
premium for Philippine bonds. H the
United States government were not sovereign -
ereign over the Philippines , it ill A question '
tion whether the islands would be able
11
to float bonds even at a discount , hence
many needed improvements for the isl-
ands could not be carried out. Were
the Democratic party to be successful
ia the election this fall the owners or
Philippine bonds would doubtless set a
quick slump in their market value.
Nstsrl.ue Dem.cl'aUc Deat.
. It is the Republican policy in the case
of necessary issues of bonds , like the war
loan or 1898 and this Philippine bond
issue to sell the bonds by popular subscription -
ription or by public competitive bid-
ding t"r them. This gives the whole peo-
ple an equal chance , and all sections of
the country an equal chance to secure
them for investment and to realize what-
ever profit their ultimate appreciation
may bring. Under the Democratic plan
as followed out during the last Cleveland
administration the government ignored '
the small ! investors and had no use for
tiny financial institution west or Wall
street
For instance , on Feb. 18. 189 ; . the
Democratic Secretary or the Treasury : .
signed a contract with a New York syn-
dicate for the selling or $62.315.400 four
per cent bonds. These bonds the syndi-
cate sold to the public for $65,116,244 ,
clearing n profit for itself , out of the
tru' etion , of nearly 3000000. The
preat which the bonds Were sold to
the yndicate was equivalent to 104 % ,
when the existing United States four per
cent bonds with less than halt as long
a time to run . were bringing 111 on the
market The syndicate dictated to the
government the terms of the deal. ONE
OF THE MEMBERS OF THAT SYN-
DIC\TE. AUGUST BELMONT IS
T PRINCIPAL FINANCIAL AD-
VIS'im. AND BACKER 01 ALTO B.
PARKER .1. . OR PRESIDENT.
WHY ALL'S WELL IN KANSAS.
It I. Because at .s..Bd M.ne sad the
Protective Policy.
Few people realize how or why the
condition oC Kansas is watched with
such solicitude throughout the countr ' -
especially in the Western Stntes.
The fact is indisputable that there is
something about its climate the mer-
curial disposition or its people and the
conditions of life in Kansas that make
it a sort of barometer for the rest ot the
republic. When there is anything serious
ous the matter with Kansas it is certain
tain that all is not exactly right with
her neighbors. When there is a drouth
in Kansas there is apt to be a mighty , :
thirst in all the region west of the Iis-
lissippi. When the rains and sunshine
bless Kansas with bountiful harvests
and the cyclone and grasshopper give her
n wide berth , the fatness is apt to extend
beyond her borders and fill the land with
reason for rejoicings and content.
When Providence frowns on Kansas :
the heart of the nation is usually sorrowful -
ful for her-and for itself
When Providence smiles on Kansas
the rest of us generally bid au . revoir to
melancholy.
Therefore Senator Fairbanks dId well .
in opening the Republican campaign at
Marion , Kan. , Sept 1 , to remind his AU-
'ditors oC the change that had come over
their prospects since the days when the
whole land rang with the cry , "What's
the matter with Kansas : " Happily l he
was able to proclaim , it not from the
house tops at least to the telegraph operators -
erators for dissemination throughout the
nation , that "All's well in KlUls3s. "
Swiftly he drew the picture of the con-
ditions as they existed eight years ago :
"Kansas was suffering from the effects
or Democratic administration. The interests .
tcrests of her agriculture languished. Her
crops rotted in the field or were marketed - ,
ed at unremunerated pric's. " And much II
more to the same effect Thera he pointed -
ed to the prosperity or the present , with-
out need to recapitulate the blessings
that good crops , good prices , good govern-
ment and sound money showered upon
Kansas ns from an exhaustless 11rn.
"During the last seven years , " he said , "
"no one has shared the prosperity which
has come to the country in a fuller de-
1ree than the farmers of Kansas. " And
he illustrated the prosperity oC the State
by the increase in her hank deposits
"from $33.000.000 in 1895 to over $ S0-
000.000 in 1003. " As a matter or exact
record it might be well to say that the
bank deposits in Kansas increased : from
$30,529.487 in 1S96 to $84,055.110. or
180 per cent , while those ot the whole
country increased from $231.828,339 to
iI'tOG40.ilP- , or slightly under 134 per
ct'nt.
ct'nt.Would
Would the reader know how all this
wonderful prosperity came to Kansas ?
It was through her own industry stimu-
lilted and protected by the sound econ-
omic and monetary policies or the Republican -
publican party.
In 1895 corn on the farms or Kansas I
was bringing 18 cents a bushel ; last year ,
according to the report of the Depart-
.
4 .
. .
went of Agriculture , it broug3 ; 36 : cents
or exactly double as much. .
In ISO ; : ; the price or wheat on the Kan-
5iS : farm was 51 cents per buskel : last
: year according ; to the sane authority
it was 71 cents.
In 1SY.i ! the price of eats Otl the Kan-
gaS farm was Ii cents : fast year i.t was :
30-a case where 30 cents wets a joke
which the Kansan appreciated clear
down to his boots.
During this period freight rates on
wheat per 100 pounds from Atchison
Kan. . to Chicago were reduced from 24
to 19 cents and on ry , barley corn and
oats from 20 to 1G cents.
In 18- ! ; the revenue ot the railways
per passenger per mile in the territory of
which Kansas is the center was 2:2i5 :
cents ; in 1902 it had fallen to 2.23i
. : ent ! . In the same period the railroad
revenue from freight in tire same terri-
tory had fallen from 1.16 ] cents per ton
per mile to 0.978 cents.
There are good times in Kansas be-
cause or good government good crop ,
good prices . increasing manufactures and
declining rates for transporting : the fruits
ot all ; finds or industry to the markets
of the world ; and when there are good
times in Kansas there is little occasion
for discontent throughout the rest of the
Union.
FARM WAGES.
Figures aa to Rates Paid In England
and the Unlte1 States.
The August Labor Gazette :1 government -
ment publication issued monthly ! by the
British Board oC Trade gives an Inter
esting account of the -
half-yearly agricultural -
cultural hirings at Whitsuntide , 1904 , for
the counties of CumberlatId , 'Yestmore-
land and North Lancashire which affords
an instructive view or the rates paid
farm hands in England. The official report -
port prepared for the department states
that "the supply or male farm servants
was fairly plentiful , owing partly to
slackness or employment in other indus-
tries , " but that " wages showed a down-
ward tendency in the case of men , but
women were scarce and their wages
were well maintained. "
The following were the rates generally
agreed upon for the hair year :
Per six months
with board.
nest men . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $7 : : .O ( ) to $100.00
Second class men. . . . . . . . . . . W.OO to 75.00
Youths and boys . . . . . . . . . . . 20.00 to.r.ooo .
nest women . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . wOO to 75.00
Second : class women and
girls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . OOO to 00.00
These rates have been slightly , : increas-
cJ in the transcription from English
money into dollars and cents at the ratio
of $5 per pound , but they afford a clear
and authoritative exhibit oC what British
farm handy are receiving by which every
intelligent American farm hand can com-
hart : the wages he receives.
Without knowing the number oC mel :
employed in each class and at varying
rates therein it is , of course impossible
to arrive at an average rate or compensa-
tion. But with $100 per half year for
the highest and $50 for the lowest of the
cond-elass men it is evident that the
yearly average for male farm hands exclusive -
clusive of youths and boys in Great
Britain cannot be much , if i any , above
$ ] 50 a ; year while the average for wom-
en would . be somewhere around $100.
We have no similar figures for the
United States , but in Il recent bulletin
entitled 'Vages of Farm Labor in the
United States , " issued by the Depart-
ment ot Agriculture , ! , the figures or tIle
average monthly wages of farm laborers
in this country arc given. Multiplied by
six , to arrive at the half yearly rate ,
they furnish the following :
Average wages of farm laborers in the
United States.
Per sIx months
with board.
18DO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $74.70
1892 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.2-1
1593 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70.74
1594 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 .nG
1893 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.12
1598 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50.56
1899 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.42
100" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98.40
It will be perceived that the average
rate paid in the United States in 1902
for six months is within $ ] .00 or the
maximum , rate paid to the best farm
hands in Great Britain in May , 190.-1 , and
almost double the minimum paid second
class men.
The figures or our Department of Agriculture -
riculture moreover apply only ! to those
laborers hired by the year or season , the
rates where thc engagement is by the
day are very much higher , being 80
cents per day , with board , and $ ] .13
without , in 1902 . against 63 cents with
and 81 cents without board , in 894.
This would make the pay , with board ,
in 1894 , average $94.50 for a half year
of 150 days , while the average compen-
sation or the American farm laborer paid
by the day in 1002 would be $133.50
for the six months , with board.
But stftistical averages , valuable as
they are .in refl.e ting the general condi-
tions , are elusive and tantalizing things I
when they attempt to cover the rate or
wages in an occupation like agriculture ,
which , including employers and employed -
ed , numbers at least 11,000.000 persons
over 10 years ot age and upwards or ev-
ery age , color and sex. The American
farm laborer knows what wages he receives -
ceives and he can compare it with what
is paid in England , and greatly to his
own satisfaction.
He also knows that the above aver-
ages in the United States for 1894 and
1900 fairly ! though faintly reflect the
difference between his industrial condi-
tion during the last Democratic national
administration and now. And in November : -
lIeI' he will not Tote for any party whose
success would foreshadow a return to
the conditions or IBM and 1895.
Expansion a Ble..ln
United States Consul General Guen-
ther at Frankfort , Germany , quotes a
noted German professor as saying that
expansion does not lessen a. nation's inherent -
herent compactness and strength. On
the contrary , 0. nation can only become
great , he says , by having space in which
to expand. Great Britain is cited LS an
example or what expansion has done for
a nation that originally had little terri-
tory.
Rural free delivery has enabled farmers -
ers to obtain better prices for their prod-
ucts. Being brought into daily touch
with the state of the markets , they are
enabled to take advantage or informa-
tion heretofore inaccessible to them. For
this practical help they are indebted to
the party that "does things"-viz. . the
Republican party.
With the immense crops which are now
assured it is essential that prices be
maintained so that farmers may reap the
full reward oC their labors. This is as-
sured it the Republican party is continued -
ued in power 1
- -
i _ .
. NOT AN. UNKNOWN QUANTITY P
1 The People- Know Roosevelt and Ads 4
mrentl Respect HI-
'
I President Roosevelt is not an WlknOWn. t
quantity to the American people. HI !
, is per uallY' well Snown to a rsst numr .
.
bel" oJ"oters : - in every part or the coun-
try In New York he is familiar to. the
I sight ; oC' n. great majority oC the- people Ref R
or that great city Throuhoat ! his own 11 1 I
Stat the sc.m.cis true. In Boston b 11 !
I
is as much 3't home as ia New lock ; . . for : :
llirT\.rd is his dma mater. Throu.hout,1 : ' ,
Nen ' England he is recognized ; as the \,1 \ ' ;
representative and exponent ot the ideal I
which have cured the cradle of American 1\ ! i
liberty- from the landing &t tiJa P1Igcim 1\ \
1'athers. , .
And this nltinof the Empire State : 1\ I l \
this graduate from tile famous New I :
England : uniT rsity is even ; more . fervently -
nntl.F admired and oelo\'OO in the West 1\ I \ .
-the far We5t-Lnd the middle West. h
than he is in the E3st And this intensity -
t :
tt-Ilsity or feeling for Roosevelt : in the ! ' ,
West WlSWl-ed ; by sectional bias . ItS it i i .
i. , is but the national feeling oC So young . 1
virile prop } . A. people whao recosniz& 1 '
a man when they see him ! ,
During the McKinley campaign or ' '
1900 Roosevelt as candidate for Vice '
President visited almost e"eryYef1tern 'I'
State and territory. He spoke to im-
ml'nse crowds , and won friends by thou- ,
sands bY' his strnithtto-l"W'art . sel-co I .
trolled , dignified utterances , 511(1 his ! '
manly . generous pernonality. t'
Toward the end or the campaign the 1
national committee was overwhelmed by 1
requests for speeches by Roosevelt in call I I
all parts of the countrj. It was a physical - j. ,
Rical impossibility for him to accept one-
fourth of the engagements to speak that
were urged upon him.
In Chicago , where , oa his return from ,
the West . he addressed It great crowd at
the Coliseum , -be WitS received with the
utmost exhibition or enthusiasm. His }
speech was calm forceful logical and 7
convincing , a contrast to the frantic efforts - !
forts of ordinary 8Pf'3kers. 1 i .
Contrary to the expectations of peopk- . .
who had derived their ideas from the ,
comic supplements , and other pictorial ,
atroeities ot the yellow press Mr. 'Roose- 1
velt's utterances were characterized by a t
steadfast adherence to the main gnes- . I
tions at issue in the campaign ; and whatever -
ever he said bore the stamp or original. f
thought , broad experience and study and .
the most conscientious sense oC responsi-
bility. There was no ranting no per- t
fonal abuse . no wild statements or
strange imaginings , in any or Mr. Hoose- J
\"clt's speecJt . and there was no po ing. t
He stood before his . '
' great audiences dig-
nified , collected and amply able to take
care or himself-an American gentleman. I
In language in bearing , ill all that he-
said and dui . there was what made- ,
friends for him ot all who came within
the sound of hIs Toice. k
President Roosevelt has visited the
Pacific coast since his Assumption of the I
presidency , and there LS well as throughout -
out his journey from and back to the'i ! 'i !
capital the people rose to him with unmatched -
matched enthusiasm. . He met and talk-
ed with hundreds of ' ° s fellow citizens ,
in every occupation In' every stage and
state ot society , from the cowboy to col-
lege president He saw : and spoke to and
was cheered by thousands upon thou-
sands or men , women and children. Pres-
ident Roosevelt i9 no stranger to the -
people of the United States. He knows
them. They know him. And they understand .
derstand each other.
r
i
PLAIN ENLISH.
_
It COllies from Oyster. : Bay and ' ! a ! .
te the New York World.
Sept 1. according ; to a newspaper dis- t.
patch or that
date Secretary Loeb gave
out a typewritten statement denying a t
story printed in the New York World
to the effect to J. Pierpont Morgan has I .
recently held conferences with )11' : j' i
Roosevelt concerning the campaiD. ! It I
is as follows : .
The story In the World about the visit of I i
Mr. : Morgan to the President at Oyster nay j
Is a lie from beginning / < to end. NeIther j
Mr. Morgan nor the New York representative -
th'c of Mr. 3IorgU has Sl'l the lreIdlnt I
or communiat d with hIm directly or indl- ! !
rect , at Oyster tiny or anywhere eLse. As j
'
far us the I'resldcnt or anyone around him
knows : I' . Morgan has been nowhere near I J
Oyster Bay In a yacht or otherwise. , I
One paper comments upon the unusual fuse I
use ol the word "lie" in statements given i'
out by the President. There are times ,
when only one word in the English language - I '
"uage wi serve and President Reese '
"elt is an authority 01 English. There J'
.
is only one word to fitly and accurately , a
characterize certain statements-3uch I
statements as that or The Word which '
the President was contradicting. j
A lie . according to Webster . i " a
criminal falsehood ; A FALSEHOOD I
UTTERED FOR PURPOSES OF DE
CEPTIO N ; , AX INTENTIONAL VIO-
. -
LAT10 OF TRU''H. "
The Century Dictionary thus defines
the word :
"Lie--1 , \ FALSE SATE IE T
lADE WITH THE PURPOSE OF
DEOEYIXGI an intentional untruth ; a '
falsehood ; the utterance bT speech or
act of that which is false WITH IN.
TENT TO MISLEAD OR DELUDE
2. THAT WHICH IS INTENDED OR
SERVES T DECEIVE OR MISLEAD -
LEAD ; ANYTHING DESIGNED OR
ADAPTED TO PRODUCB FALSL
FALE a
CONCLUSIONS OIt ETPECTA .
TIONS " .
There can be no doubt that the Presi .
dent use exactly the right word.
It would be like carrying cods : to New-
castle to explain to our friends the Dem-
ontr , the meaning and inner cussedness
or the word "lie. " Past grand masters
in the art , they ned no definitions or
fine drawn distinctions. But Republicans -
cans and independent are not so well
up in this branch or human activity , and
so it is well , perhaps . to cal their atten-
tion to the latest proper and desirable
use of the small English monosyllable
I which is just now under discusion
Steel Industry Does Not Lag.
A director of the United States Steel
Corporation refutes one or the state
ments made by calsmity-howling Demo
crnts by saying that business is s. ) god
there will be no cut in prices oC steel ,
adding : "Al our plants will be running stee
at full capacity in a month or two . and
by that time the demand for steel of all
: kinds will be greater than at any time
during the "
past year.
The general prosperity the count has
enjoyed under Republican administration
during the last seven years has profited
the farmer as much iC not more than
mor any
other one class. The farmers know it ,
and should and undoubtedly will vote to
continue been. condition a they are and have