livE STOCK
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The Horse's Walking Galt.
How fast the hOl'so wal1m regulates
:0 : same extent his valuo. 'fho slow
walking horse Is tiresome animal
to labor with It ono has an ambition
to do a good duy's work. On the
Guru the rate at which a horse can
want Is seldom considered at breeding
time , yet wo must expect that slow
walking horses will produce slow
walking horses , and that fast walking
gorses will produce fast walking
1I0rsos. This Is a. principle that It
wIll pay to keep sight of when the
snares : and sta1ll0ns arc being matod.
Some of our best farmers claIm that It
IS largely a matter of trainIng , and
that the slow horses can be traIned
to Increase their speed of wal1t1ng
This may be so , but It Is more likely
that the habIt of slow or fast walking
'JJ ' ' a matter of Inheritance. However ,
It will bo a good thing for the men
that teach horses to work to take the
tablt : of slow walking In hand if the
colt has formed It and try to break It
fly teaching the anImal to walk fast.
One horseman says that If a colt Is
allowed to walk slowly when ho Is
being trained to work he will hold
La the habit all th'o rest of his
fIfo. A colt that Is naturally slow
may ho 1 taught to walk fast , so this
man says , and once the habIt Is
formed It will remain wIth hIm when
ho Is actually engaged In work , though
he may drop back to hIs old habit
when ho Is out of harness. Slowness
of walking Is a great defect In the
. otherwise valuable horse. If there Is
another horse wIth hIm that horse
also must walk slowly to adapt himself -
self to the first horse , while the man
that drIves them must also lose his
tImo. In line course of a year this
amounts to a very large item , and
when It Is figured In dollars and cents
Is not a factor to 'be dCf\.pIsed. \ It Is
desirable to have on the farm only
fast walking horses , and such animals
make all farm work easier where
horses are employed. When we can.
cider that some horses walk fifty per
cent faster than do others , wo can
readily understand that the additional
work Bono by 0. fast walking team of
horses over a slow walking team
might easily bo the difference be.
tween profit and loss all the operations -
tlons with whIch they were connected
on the farm. It Is suggested that
when the colt Is being broken to work
ho have a ration rich In protein , like
oats , so that ho may have sufficient
stamina and latent force to make It
easy for him to adept 0. vigorous gaIt
In his worle.
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Light Feeds for Hogs.
Light foods have a particular value
for the hogs , possibly for the reason
that most hogs get a too concentrated
ration , The chemist In figuring out
the relative value of roots , fruits and
grains , InvarIably shows that the
grains contain large proportions of
nutrients and that fruit and roots
contain very llttle. But the roots and
fruits have qualities that wo have
never yet been able to determine and
are certainly worth far more than
the chemist has been able to discover.
]
There Is an action au the general
!
health und thrift of the animal that
cannot bo computed by weight. Roots
and fruits tend to prevent both constipation -
stlpation and Indigestion , and arc In
that quality medicine for the hogs.
The time ot the year Is here when
great quantitIes of windfall apples
will be ordinarily left on the ground
to rot. These should be gathered up
and fed to the pigs as soon as the apples -
plos get large enough to bo succulent.
Many of the wormy apples and culls
can later be disposed of In the same
way. Sugar beets are particularly
" valuable , as they contain a large
amount of saccharine matter , which
helps in the fattening. Turnips also
will prove of more value to the hogs
than their analysis woull' seem to
indicate.
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Iowa Cheese Industry.
According to the last report of the
Iowa dairy commissioner , there are
now In that state 43 cheese factories ,
which Is 0. decrease of nine from the
preceding yoar. The largest factory In
the state receives about 3,000,000
pounds of m111e per rear : and pays for
It at the rate of 90 cents per 100
pounds , averaging up summer and
winter. 'fho most successful factory
In time state receives about 2,000,000
pounds of milk per year and pays for
It an average of $1.08 per 100 pounds
The difference between these two factories -
tories Is that one of them , the smaller ,
Is In a dairy district and the other
Is not , and It costs more te get the
milk to the large factory than to the
small one. Other cheese factories in
the state pay a generally lower average .
age , some of them going down to an
average or G8 cents per 100 pounds
It Is estimated that the 43 cheese factories -
tories make about 3,000,000 pounds of
cheese per year , and this sells for
about $300,000. The ' cheese Interest of
the state does not seem to bo In a
very growing ! condition , the farmers
and manufacturers being more interested .
ested In making butter than cheese.
This Is duo to several causes. One
Is that the price paid for milk for
cheese making Is less , as a general
thing , than that paid for the purpose
of malting Lutter. In the case of the
cheese factory also the farmer gets
back no slclmmll1e , which Is a matter
of importance to the man that has
calves , pigs and chickens to feed. If
this slclmmf1l\ : Is worth 20 cents per
100 pounds , as many claim it to be for
feeding purposes , it wIll be seen that
the price paid for milk for cheese
must be very much higher than the
price paid for milk to be made Into
butter , where the sldmmllk Is re'
turned. Whether or not 0. cheese factory ,
tory can compete with a creamery depends -
pends on whether the creamery Is so
situated and so run that It can pay 0.
good price for mille. We may say
that the unprofitable creamery makes
possible the cheese factory under
present prices for cheese. Out of the
.t'J factories reported In the state , 28
are known to pay by the test. Per-
haps others do , but reports were not
received from al1.
Use Heavy Parchment Paper.
When parchment paper Is to be
used In the packing of butter only the
best hind and quality should be used.
The rest Is a small matter for any
one package of butter and It Is not
safe . - to . use an Inferior quality though
there 16 much of such stuff on the
marltat. In the battle to secure trade ,
low priced articles are always being
put on the market and this Is as true
of parchment paper as of anything
elso. Generally the very thin paper
does not afford the protection that
the butter packer supposes ho Is get.
tlng. The very light paper Is some
of it LtO loosely made that the spores
of moM once in It find abundant Opt
portunlt to grow. The cheap paper
often proves to be very expensive In I
the end.
illinois Butter Exhibit at St. Louis.
The butter exhibits of Illinois at Sl.
Louis wIll be In the agrIcultural
building. Illinois dairymen or farmers -
ers intending to snake an exhibit
must shIp theIr butter to Chicago on
Tune 2. Time dairy butter will be In
three classifications : A , from 8 to 20
pounds of butter from milk of mixed
herd ; B , same amount from milk of
herd of one breed ; 0 , not less than 8
on' " pound prints made by exhibitor
on farm. Address all communications
to George A. Hunt , superintendent
IllInoIs dairy exhibits , Hebron , 11\ \ ,
until May \ 28. After that date to Geo.
A. Hunt , superintendent IllInois dairy
exhibits , World's Fair , St. Louis.
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Overworking butter frequently gives
it a salvy texture.
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POULTRY
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fleui.
Summer Care of Geese.
Geese are very hardy birds , and It
Is easy to keep : them over summer.
They should have access to plenty of
green forage , plenty of water to drlnlt.
The adult birds need no shelter , and
can live on grass alone , but they relIsh
Ish a little grain and should bo fed
a small quantity at least once 0. day.
At night Is n. good time , after the :
chickens and turkeys have sought '
their perches. In late summer or
early fall If the drouth dries up the
grass geese need 0. little more grain
One must gauge the feed by the quantity -
Ity and succulency of the forage
Whole corn wIll do very well for the
grain ; that Is all wo uso.
An adult goose seldom dies of any
sleleness. True , the very old birds
drop off , but the per cent of loss Is roe
marlmbly amaH with any reasonable
care. The flock must be fed grain
and vegetables , clover or fodder during -
Ing the winter and early spring , before .
fore there Is green forage. The breeding .
lug birds should bo mated , one male
to from one to three females. We
put the dIfferent matings In separate
lots , but they will do very well In
flocks of ten to fifteen birds. It Is
natural for geese to choose but one
mate , hence we must not attempt to
make one male take too many females
,
or wo will not get the best results.
Geese ( our experience has been altogether .
gother with the pure bred Toulouse )
commence to lay early In March In
our climate , time depending on
weather conditions. A little straw
thrown around In odd corners wIll
furnIsh nesting for the geese. The
female makes no attempt to hide her
nest or slink away to It ; she sits on
It in full view , but she covers up the
eggs. Robbing her nest bas no effect
on her , she will not change ; she lays
about every 3G hours. The eggs
should bo gathered soon after laying ,
early In the season , or they wlll get
chilled. Set them on end In a box of
sawdust or excelsior In the cellar , or
some cool place ( not too cold ) , and
keep till ready to set. Some turn the
eggs dally , but we do not If they are
to bo kept only a reasonable time. Wo
set them under chicken hens and rear
the goslings with same hens. They
hatch In 28 to 30 days ; If eggs are
kept warm enough 28 days Is suffi-
clent. The lIttle goslings should not
lie fell un they are 48 to 72 hours old ;
It Is no harm to let them nIp a little
grass or green vegetable tops earlier ,
as this will not hurt them. For the
first week or two feed three or four
times a day on 0. lIttle corn bread
soaked und crumbled , or a lIttle chick
food made Into a mash same as for
young chIclts. At first they are very I
dainty and et very lIttle , but in
two or three weeks they are quite '
ravenous. Always give plenty of
drinking water , but not to swim In.
Keep them dry ; see that they have a
good warm coop with a dry board
floor and that they are shut up warm
and snug at night. After they are ten
days old they can be let range about
on grass with their mother ( whether
she be goose or hen ) or they can . '
raised In small hoard : ! pens by moving
them when forage becomes short.
After about three weeks a mash of
corn meal , a small quantity of mid.
dllngs or bran or both Is a good addition -
tIon to the 'meal and will make a
good grain food ; feeding two or three
times n. day , according to size and
the abIlIty of time gosling to get for.
age. Remember a gosling Is helpless
and tender till It gets Its feathers ,
but with good care and feed every little -
tle downy bIrd can bo raised , and ,
after they are three or four weeks
old one can feed them and rush
growth to hIs heart's content , provid
lug water , forage and grit are at all
times accessIbl
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- - : - - - , _ . . . . . w..r..r..y.-
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, 1 .
3 or 9 pounds , while a chick of ther
same age will weigh from 1 to II
pounds No wonder the gosling eat. ,
We have had them gain two pounds , . '
each In their ninth week. It Is best' '
to get the goslings hatched as early :
as there Is grass for them , as they ' _
are safe from the hot dry weather of _ I.
summer and tough grass ; but e"r1 , , II . . . . . .
birds require attention and must not
be exposed to the cold spring rains.
We often have the kitchen full of the
ltttlo fellows In low fiat boxes wileD
It rains all day or for two or tbroe. . .
I days , and then a good tame chicken 1
hen Is the most desirable . mother.
'fhey require lots of care , but when
we got a gosling on Its feet ( they
can't walk for about 24 hours niter
°
hatching ) we count on a fine lusty
goose the coming fall , and we seldom
miss our count. We feed them aU
through the summer at least once a
day. .BY Christmas they weigh : females .
males 15 to 20 pounds ; males , 18 to
25 pounds. Mrs. D. F. Hislop ,
Iroquois County , I11lnols.
The Deadly Chicken-Mite. .
During aU the warm weather we '
must fight the deadly chicken mite.
The hotter the weather the faster
they breed. They are death to young
chicks , where they can have the
chance to infest them , and are even _ _ _ .
known to kill old tough bens. Often
a hon house Js swarming with throes
little pests , and the hens with broods
are permitted to hover their chicks In
the houses ut nlgbt. The hens nat.
urally hunt out some place In a corner -
ner and collect their brQods. Nothing
Is seen of the mites at that time. But - - =
after the chicks have settled down
for the night the marauders come out
of their hiding places under splinters ,
boards , roosts and rubbish and swarm
by tens of thousands on the old hens
and chicks. They Buck their fill of
blood and crawl back to their hiding
places. In the morning the poultry
raiser sees nothing of these insects
and pays little attention to the piles
of mites hanging like swarms of bees
under the roosts. The chicks are so
weakened that numbers of them fall >
down and die and the owner wonders _ _ r > ! :
what happened to them. The other ,
being bled every night , are prevented
from growing and become stunted ,
never recovering from this subjection
.tQ mites when they were young.
There are different ways of attacking
mites , one of which Is to wash the henhouse
house wIth whitewash , and the other
: Is to give it a thorough going over
with water in which bas been dissolved -
.
solved a great deal of strong soap and
a large amount of kerosene.
A Variety of Feed.
Whether the animals to be fed are
cattle , horses or sheep , a variety of
foods will give better results than will
a steady ration of one or two things. "
"L
We have seen horses fell corn and , I
timothy hay year In and year out , in
working time and resting time , and
know that this Is the practice on
many of our American farms. Many
a farmer has reduced his system of
grain feeding to so many ears of com , . ,
-
per horse per day. Not only Is such
a ration out of balance but it must "
become very monotonous to the anImals -
male that have to take It or nothing.
We may not be able to e1lplain why a
variety of feeds is better for animals . . _
than a restricted ration , but there il
every indication that such Is the fact. . ' -
"iI
We are equally unable to tell why one - ,
or two kinds of feed fed to a human .
being become objectionable to him
after a time. Doubtless there is some .
great law underlying the taste pref.
erence. Careful feeders believe they . . .
can see far better results from feedIng .
ing a variety of feeds than one , and tip/
/ I
this same idea is strengthened by the }
experience of our college men In their , _
scientific experiments relating to the - . - .
feeding of animals. The quality at
being appetizing is one quality In
foods that wo have not yet fixed the .
value of , but it is one that It Is worth
catering to , even it we cannot figure
out its processes.
The sire is the potent factor :0
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