.
1I I
i Just I .rt. ;
.
- - - ' - -
i When you i'rR I ! I III' thinking ,
Are yon P"nldng ! ! what you l thought ?
' You Ihl I I : ! ; } " 'su \ think 'ou'ro thinking
'i or \ ! III' thinking , 110 you not ?
rOil think you're lhlnltlng. Think of
. that ,
: The thought has como to 'ou-
} . But do you think of what you think
In thinking as you do } ?
111 thinking that you think you think
Of thinking that you thought ,
It makes you think you thought you
. thought
Of thinking Cluito a lot.
But than , tanppose your thinking ; w : y :
Of thoughts you did not thin1\-
Perchance an unthought thought you
thought
Was just on thinldng's brink.
You see , you'd think of thinking
or the thought you thought you
thought ,
When thinking that you thought of
thinking
t
Thoughts that came unsought.
So , did the thought you'ro thinking of
Como thinking at your call ,
Or do you think you think you
thought -
Of thinking , after all ?
-Chicago Tribune.
Providing a
Seed Bed
- _ _ _ _ _ _ - _ - - _
i * FwI I- - _
Few if any will be found to disa-
gree with the statement that the seed
ii bed for any crop or plant should bo
deep and finely pulverized , yet com-
? ' Imratively few stop to ascertain that
the apparent seed bed furnIshed Is
i i really : of this desirable character. The
# fact Is that our surface skimming
D methods of cultivation are apt in the
tong run to render the malting of a
deep seed bed a difficult operation.
The plow annually runs along at the
same level. 'rho disc harrow skims
( the surface , partially turning and pul-
U yerlzlng a few inches of soil. The
1 harrows of varIous type do similar
' .
1' work , and while all of these implements -
ments give us at least live or six
h I inches of fine tilth , the subsoil is
left untouched. On many an old farm
Ii the use of the spade In the field will
show that there is a "plow pan" be-
, I I low the fine tilth of the surface. 'Ve
If have seen such pans almost . as bard
' as a rock and one should be able to
imagine the obstacle such a' " pan of-
1.ers : to root ramification and penetra- '
Hon. 'Where much lime has been
used it strikes downwards and forms
a lime pan ; then there arc iron pans
+ It i . . and clay pans and merely compacted
earth pans-aU of them detrImental
, to plant growth.
Where a pan of any : kind is present
! It necessarily confines the plant roots
to the fine tilth resting upon it. Such
an obstacle to root development is
lllce building a fence across a pasture ,
6 thereby cutting it into two parts , in
one of which the entire herd of cattle
must find sustenunce. Such a 1 rl'ce-
lure would necessarily halt starve aU
; ot the cattle , whereas free access to
all ot tire ftp.ld would have main- .
r tanned the entire herd In good condi-
' ; tion. When the fine tilth we hear
1 spoken of so much is but five or six
incites deep and under it an impene-
trahle mass of sour , hard , aIr-tight soil
' the latter Impediment to plant prog-
ress is mea the fence wo have referred
to and the starvation it entails is simi
lar to that suffered by the herd of cat-
1 tle referred to.
In our spring operations , when the
tendency is to rush seeds into the
ground as fast as possible , little attention -
tention Is paid to the depth and con-
dItion of the seed bed. Supposing
, . the land Is plowed just as soon as the
frost is out and harrowed and seeded
the moment .the surface drIes out Ruf-
ficl&nt ] , what of the underlying lay-
ers of soil ? The first plowing leaves
the surface covered with a mass of
hard wet , sour lumps. These gradu-
ally dry out on top-enough to allow
t the harrows and seeder and plant
drag to form a shallow seed bed. The
load condition is now "out of sight"
1.W.JAt. s J3'as1" : ttMig. 3fAa7R'
w. M . .t + _ . , . . . .
/
.
.
-
and also "out or mlllll. " But lt IS
there all the same , and the plant
finds it out all summer long and tIle
roots run up against a snag when they
attempt to burrow lower than the
fine tilth for sustenance. The fence
has been erected and it shuts off
more than haIr the field ! Such stir-
face skimming may enable the farmer
to get his seed covered quickly RO
that he is not behind his neighbor ,
but is it the best way of working the
land and treating the crop ? By no
means. Thorough work means maxi-
mum roturns. Half the field thor-
oughly tilled would often produce as
much an the entire surface "gono
over" in a hurry. Compare the action
of the spade in the garden with that
of the labor savIng implements ] In the
fleld. Spaded to its full depth the
garden soil produces an hundred fold ;
tickled superficially the field soil gives
returns accordingly. Deeper , more
thorough cultivation in the field would
insure returns similar to those of the
( "yep spaded garden. 'Ve are coming
to this some day and it is time to pay
attention to the soil that is out of
flight as well as that which is appar-
out to the 'eye. If we do not then we
fall to draw upon the full resources
of the soil. 'Ve have to manure freely
and even stimulate by application of
chemical fertilizers for the reason
that wo confine the plant roots to a
circumscribed five or six inches of
feeding ground year after year. Could
we add a little of the subsoil each
fall for winter disintegration and
oxygenation fresh plant food would
be added annually for plant use.
Could wo break up the plow pan and
allow air to enter the under stratas
01 : the sol plant food would be set
free and more plant food acquIred.
Drainage helps materially in bringing
about these desired ends. Deep fall
plowing assists in the same way by
allowing the frosts of wInter to
"weather" the . soil. Thorough plow-
lug Is absolutely necessary towards
the same end and some system of sub-
soil stirring will sooner or later prove
nocessary.
Even now and although spring plow-
Ing has been substituted for fall plow-
ing , we can at least do something to
provide a deep seed bed. We can quit
the foolishness of merely rubbing
down the clods to form a sufficient
amount of fine earth to cover them
and afford the necessary covering for
the seed. 'Ve can see to it that the
clods are sufficiently dried to allow
of perfect disintegration by means of
harrows , discs and drags. In short
we can do work much more thoroughly -
ly than wo have been in the habit of
doing and in so doing the crop will
pay for the labor involved. This
plan may keep the thorough farmer a I
trifle behind his galloping neighbor ,
but depend upon it he will come out
ahead at harvest time and in the long
run. The farm , too , will last longer ,
for it is evident that a shallow seed
bed is soonest impoverished , whereas
the deep bed has greater re 'ources ,
and may be kept intact by p" Jsoil additions -
ditions judiciously furnisht 1 in the
fall. We may he excused for repeating -
ing true ancient adage that "wbat is
worth doing is wor111 doing wen. "
That expresses the idea correctly.
Cultivation is only to be considered
such when it Is thorough.
The outer covering of the seeds of
all plants bas more or loss power of
absorbing water. In such plants as
corn and wheat the cases absorb wa
ter at almost any temperature , but
with such seeds as the Honey locust
it is not so , especially if the seeds
have been allowed to become dry.
Such seeds will lie for months in tepid
water and will not absorb moisture ,
but when the temperature of the soil
or water is raised to a certain point
they absorb water readily. Nurserymen -
men sometimes start such seeds in
quite warm water
Seeds should not be planted In cold
soils. Not till the ground becl'mes
quite warm can most seeds germinate ,
and planting them before that time
does little good and frequently I"uses
the loss of the seeds.
Icsi/wa.qsa > .a.v. . . , . . . . . . w + , . . . . . . .w . .w. . . . . . . . . . . . _ . . .
- -
wca , . . . . -
.
Spring All mcns
of Horses
There is perhaps no disease more
hurtful to horses in spring than in-
fl enza in its varied forms. Under
this name we include what many
farmers call "swamp fever , " also that
set of troubles known by the names
of "distemper , " "pinlc eye , " catarrh ,
cold , chill , sprIng fp'r and a host of
other simple and common appel1al1ons.
While most attacks of these troubles
are in lime recovered from under ordinary -
Binary treatment , the worst feature
of the ailments Is that they reduce
work horses in condition and often
retire them from labor for weeks or
even months just at , the time of year
when the services of the animals are
most required. Looking at the mat-
ter from an impartial and just stand-
point we conclude that treatment
meant to benefit the sufferers is often
the true cause of the after.-debllity of
the patients. Old.fashloned ideas as
to treatment still prevail and as a
rule are based upon erroneous conceptions -
ceptions of the disease proper and
the action of drugs employed by the
empiric. Aconite , for instance , is a
sovereign remedy , and is commonly
employed for every phase of fever
affecting horses. . While thIs valuable
drug allays fever , to be sure , it also
slows the heart-practically ] numbs and
weakens it-and thus enfeebles cIrcu-
lation of the blood , which is the life-
giving fluid and the chief renovating
and recuperating factor in the convalescent -
valescen horse. Aconite , instead of
being a household remedy , should only
be employed by a man educated to
discern the import of the pulse. , His
finger should be trained to the fine
differences to be noted by one famil-
iar with pulse taldng. If this is not
the case then aconite is more apt to
do harm than good , and the writer
has seen many horses actually poi-
soned- by the drug and many more so
enfeebled by its action that months
were required to restore them to normal -
mal vigor. Stimulants rather than
heart sedatives like aconite should
be generally employed , and , as a fever
reducer , simple saltpeter is far more
valuable , reliable and safe than acon-
ite. It is given in one to two teaspoonful -
spoonful doses three or four times
daily , according to the height of the
fever , and lllay be mixed in drinking
water or soft feed , or dissolved in
water and given as a drench , along
with two ounces of whiskey at a dose
to act as a stimulant and one to two
teaspoonfuls of -fiuid extract of gen-
tian root to help the appetite. In influenza -
fluenza of all forms there is great irritability -
ritability of the mucous membranes
of the air passages , and , in fact ,
throughout the entire body ; and this
I has to be remembered , else irritant
medicines may be given and cause
the death of the patient. For this
reason a purgative should never be
given to a horse sufferIng from influenza -
fluenza or any form of fever implicat
lug the respiratory organs. An aloes
ball will , for instance , cause super-
purgation and death in an animal suf- -
fering from distemper ( influenza ) or
any of its complications , such as
pneumonia or pleurisy. If the bowels
are costive a tablespoonful or two or
glauber salts twice daily in a bran
mash or a few roots will serve , as a
rule , to open the bowels sufficiently ;
but even this saline laxative must be
very carefully used. Better than the
old-fashioned use of aconite is the addition -
dition 'of small doses of fluid extract
of belladonna leaves , in conjunction
with saltpeter , gentian and stimulants
in the treatment of colds , coughs , influenza -
fiuenza and the mee. The dose is 20
drops and will serve to alleviate irritability .
ritabllity in any form and aid the
febrifuge in the reduction of the
fever. Better than any other treatment -
ment , however , is the new plan 01
injecting medicine into the jugular j
vein of the horse at the outset or the
attaele. The medicine used is called
talUanlne and It sets free ozone in
, . R-
- - -
the blood , which tends to destroy tIle
germs producing the disease , increase
the red corpuscles and leucocytes and
so rid the body or the germ enemy
present. Almost any horseman can
blee/1 a horse from the jugular vein. 1
'Vh ( ; J this can he done it is n sins ! + hle
matter to inject ta11lanlne. Simply
raise the vein , insert the hYPodermic
needle downwards , fit the syringe bar-
rel e containing the dose (10 ( cubic cen-
timcters ) and then inject the con-
tents "slowly. The treatment has to
be repeated every twenty.four hours
for a few days.-A. S. Alexander in
Farmers' . . . .
Reyio.
No Substitute
for Cleanliness
M _ 'J _ _
'Ve want to produce good milk , says
R. A. Pearson. Those who are indifferent -
ferent 'upon this point fail to appre . . .
elate the great responsibility of their
work and need to have it Impressed
Upon thorn that milk is our most delicate - . -
cate food product and , unlike most
other foods , it is almost always used
raw Gross carelessness , ignorance
or neglect on the part of the dairyman
may endanger human lives. The pro-
lluctlon at a uniformly good milk results -
suits in an immediate advantage to
the individual producer and to dairymen - , .
men as a class , because every gallon . .
of good milk tends to enlarge the mar- .
l\Ct , while every gaBon of poor milk or
bad milk tends to lessen the marleet.
The dairyman who establishes a rep
utatiol { for the high quality of milk
he produces will seldom lack for a
profitable outlet. Sometimes it seems
to be hard to get a fair price for high-
grade milk , hut so many are doing it
that the posslblllty is plainly shown.
In the main , the old doctrines regard-
Ing the production of wholesome milk
remain true. Cleanliness continues to
be the great need. Its neglect is the \ . :
chief drawback of dairying in too" " i
many vlaces. Neither the scientist : /
nor the inventor has been able to sug- l'
gest any measure to replace cleanli- r.
neSS In dairy worle. It may come , but ,
It has not yet. Aeration , straining , filtering -
tering , clarifyIng and pasteurizing are ' j \
only ways of partially reducing ) the ' '
. "
effects or contamination that should I
not have occurred , and the benefits of 1
some of these forms of treatment are . .
\
vastly overestimated. The fact is ,
j
that good , reliable milk cannot be produced -
laced in a dairy where cleanliness I
does not rule. BacterIa and dirt are - I
close friends. Wherever dirt goes ' ' .
bacterIa go , and the moment they get , - ' , '
into warm milk , their objectionable
work begins. The more dirt the more
bacteria and the worse the contamlna- f
,
tlon. Fraser bas shown that from 22 , ; - '
to 90 times as much dirt falls into the -
milking pail from a soiled udder as .
from a cleaned udder , and Stocking
has shown that by the use of a partial'I 'I
ly l covered milk pail about two-thIrds .
of the dirt that would faU' ' Into the
. I
mme durIng milking , 1s excluded : " , - ,
.1
A Youthful Cat's - Pavr. _ . , : ° ' " , :
. . . . . . ,
I
Aunt Fanny had just returned from : : - . 'i' - i' ' . :
Boston and gone to her room. ' ' ; ,
, s"
Little Fred knew there was some- : '
thing in her trunk for him , but having . ' .
been strictly taught never to ask for , . " ; .
' .
gifts ho could only hang anxiously : : . : : . : ;
around Aunt Fanny's door , waiting for . . , . - " :
. . . . . . .
the happy moment of unpacldng. . . . . . "
, When he felt that he could endure
; the suspense no longer , he tapped
timidly on the door and in answer to
the call of "Como in ! II said in a wee , , (
small voice , as he pushed the 'door . -
open n. few inches : ,
"Aunt Fanny , Baby says 'When are
going to ' ' II
you unpack your trunk ?
Baby was three months old !
'
Swine will probably eat a greater . . , . :
variety of food than other animals , . . . . , ' . ; '
their diet consisting of various herbs , . ' .
grasses , clovers , roots , grains , fruits , ; , ; '
nuts , flesh , flsn , etc. .
-
As long as a son is wet it will not- . :
warm up ; as water is a poor con- J-
I ductor of heat. .
, J
