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Lice and Mites.
. Some years ago the Farmers' Re
View sent out an inquiry to Us poul
. try readers ! asking whlt were the
. . leading ' causes of losses among the
early broods of chickens. It was no
surprise to the editor when the reply ,
came back that the greatest cause of
loss to chicks was lice an'- mites.
Some of the poultry raisers estimated
that no less than 30 per cent of all :
the chicks hatched were annually
killed oft by these two pests , of which
the mites were the worst. It is safe
to say that if any farmer can manage
I
to cxterminte these insects and keep
f them out of his flock he will increase
' the profits from his poultry at least
50 per cent , without anything else being .
ing done
j. . , ' The body lice of fowls are quite
4' easily kept off by the use of a dust
bath and by the use of grease on the i
heads , around the tail feathers and I
under the wIngs. Perhaps some
should be put at the base of the wing
feathers. These body lice become
smeared with the grease , their pores
. e become filled and death quickly fol-
- S lows Not so easily handled are the
mites. One would have to keep the
birds covered with grease all the time
- and all over to protect them from the
ravages of these little pirates. The
mites do not stay on the bodie'3 of the
birds in the daytime , but go onto the
birds at night , fill themselves with
blood and scurry back to their hiding
places under the roosts between the
cracks of the boards , and under any
object that gives them a hiding place.
To grease the birds every day would
- kill the birds themselves in time and
) 4 would be a task not to be thought of.
The insects must then be fought on
the roosts and in their hiding piaces.
Once they have become established
the task of getting rid of them Is a
colossal one , as many of our readers
have discovered. We have seen poultry -
try houses in which we believed this ,
could not be done on account of the
irregularity of construction. When
houses are loosely thrown together
there are so many seams and cracks ,
so many apertures behind slivers , so
many rotten holes in posts , to say
nothing of nail holes and knot holes ,
that a pest of this kind can become
thoroughly intrenched. Fire and kerosene .
osene and paint are the three chief
, weapons for carrying on the fight. A
well-bullt poultry house permits of
-'S the use of paint for closing the cracks
and for the use of fire in cleansIng
the roosts , provided the roosts are
movable and can be taken out of
doors. Where the poultry house is of
cruder construction thick whitewash
should be used liberally till the frcsh-
- 1 ly slaked lime has filled every cranny.
;
Fortunately lime is cheap and can
, . be used ad llbitum ,
L'II Young chickens should not be allowed .
lowed to sleep in a poultry house
where it is known that mites exist ,
as the parasites are almost certain to
find them and sap their vitality with-
out the owner ever suspecting it. If
the chicks are put , in a place by them-
I selves , of course in the care of the
old hen , they : will be out of the reach
of the mites. The only parasites to
be guarded against then will be the
body lice. Use only lard for this and
i1 do not overdo it , putting on the lard
" as we have indicated for the old bens.
Kerosene is not necessary , and It Is
too harsh to apply to the very tender
skins of the chicks.-Farmers' Re-
view.
Age of Market Bird.
_ Nothing Is more Important to the
average buyer of poultry than to know
how to distinguish good und bad , old
t and young birds , says H. W. Atwater
1 of the United States Department of
Agriculture. A good , fresh bird shows
'If' a wen.rounded form with neat , corny .
y pact legs and no , sharp , bony angles
on the breast , indicating n lack at
tender white meat. The skin should
be a color ( yellow being preferred in
the American market ) and free from
blotches and pinfeathers The fesh
should be neither flabby nor stiff , but
should give evenly and gently when
pressed by the finger.
Iu a fresh bird , the feet feel moist ,
soft and limber , and if dressed with
the head on the eyes , look bright and
full. As it becomes stale the eyes
shrink and the feet dry and harden ;
when too stale , 1. e. , when decomposition -
tion is well under way , the bOdy turns
dark and greenish. Cold storage birds
are commonly packed so closely that
the wings remain pressed against the
body even after the birds have been
unpacked for some time. They can
usually be distinguished by the
squeezed look from fresh birds , which
should lie or hang in a natural posi-
tion.
tion.One
One of the commonest ways of test-
ing the age of dressed poultry is to
take the end of the breastbone farth-
est from the head between thumb and
finger and attempt to vend it to one
side. In a very young bird , say a
"broIler" chicken or a green goose ,
it will be easIly bent , like the cartilage -
lage in the human ear ; in a bird a
year or so old it will be brittle , and
in an old bird tough and hard to bender
or break. It the feet are left on the
carcass they furnish a test of the
age. In a young bird they are soft
and smooth , becoming hard and rough
as the bird grows older. The claws
are short and sharp in a young bird
becoming longer and blunter with age
and use. The spur above the foot is
also to be observed ; when the bird
is very young , like a "broIler" chick
en , \t is hardly apparent : a few
months later It is long , but straight ,
in a mature state it is larger still and
crooked at the end It Is more developed -
veloped in males than in females and
capons Turkeys UJ to a year old
are said to have black feet , which
grow up to three years old and then
turn gradually gray and dun. The age
of pigeons can sometimes be told by
the color of the breast. In squabs
the flesh looks whitish as Been
through the skin , but becomes more
and more purpish ! as the birds grow
older. Red feet are said to be a sign
of age in a pigeon
Hatching Chicks
In hatching we commence In Jan.
uary , uSing both hens and incubators
We take cracker boxes cut in two ,
place dampened earth in the bottom
shaped into a nice nest to fit the hens
and fine chaff from timothy hay on
top of this. Straw does not do , as it
is so loose The air circulates through
it and tends to kill the germ. We
use insect powder plentifully during
incubation , testing out the infertile
eggs after the tenth day , whIch must
bl done for best results. Dead
germs and infertile eggs are damag-
ing to the live germs , often killing
thorn.
The fact that the Orplngtons want .
to bet every month in the year en- '
abIes us to have plenty of broody II'
hens , Also to set the best results
from our incubators , we set a sufficient -
dent number of hens at the same time
and on the nineteenth day have our
incubators all ready and transfer the
eggs. Every fertile egg Is thus
hatched out and we can utilize our
hens right over again. - .
'Vo feed a dry food only until the
chicks are old enough to alternate
with , cracked wheat , corn , oats , etc.
J. W. Eastes , Knox Co. , Ill.
Will the Cattle Feeder Disappear ?
Senator Harris of Kansas recently
expressed the opinion that the professional -
fessional cattle feeder will disappear ,
at least on the high.priced lands east
of the Mississippi river. He says that
It will no longer pay a man to pur-
chase feeders at a high price , put
expensive corn Into them and sell
them on the market at the prices cat-
tle are now brJnging. The man that
raises the calf will be the one that
will market him , as a finished steer
and get out of him all there Is In
him. In this way he will , in addition
to his other profits , save the cost at
two railroad hauls
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Russia's Commissariat Problem.
Franco l\I1Jilalro contains an interesting .
esting study of the commissariat prob-
lorn of the Russian army For ; m
army of 300,0C.0 men and 100,000
horses , 1,000 tons : of food and fodder
are required. This amount cnn lJe
transported in six trains composed of
from thirty to Corty.five cars , the
loading of which requires not more
than a day. But there are already at
l\1ul\den , Port Arthur and other points
ill Manchuria provisions' for six
months , and Manchuria and the Rus
Bian coast provinces are 'J Jch in
grain and caltle. According to lhi:1 : : .
study , in September Russia can dls
pose of 60,000 tons or grain produced
I
on the spot , in addition to 700,000 cat-
tle and n. vast quantity or pigs. During -
ing the summer the service which
will be rendered by the waterways ;
will relieve the Trans.Slberlan road. I
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Fine Gown for Beautiful Woman.
.
Search is being made here for the.
most beautiful woman in America to
wear the mot : : expensive and beauti-
ful gown In America. The gown in. .
question is in the bonded warehouse i
at S1. Louis , and is estimated to be i
worth $5,900 , being almost an exact I
duplicate of the one that the first wife
of Napoleon Bonaparte wore when
he placed the imperial crown upon
her brow The original gown cost
$200,000 , and the duplicate , which has
been made by a celebrated man milii
ner , is only less expensive in its jew-
els and decoration , for the material
and the design are carried out faith- i
ully. For splendor and unequaled
delicacy of taste this garment is
the chief marvel of the dressmaking
art
King Edward Is not so taU as many
people imagine and whenever his majesty .
jesty is photographed in a group he
Is Invariably put to stand on some
small eminence , such as a step , in :
order that he may ccmpare as well
as possible with those about him In
his stockings he Is just 5 feet 7 Inches.
His' majesty wears boots with high
heels , and his total height as ho walks
is 5 fee : 8 1.2 inches
DONrr'WEJi j _ ! {
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LT'WETsx ! BR :
1ASK YOU DEALER : , FOQ.TI11
; ) SLICKED ( )
MADE fAMOUS 6Y A DEPUTATION
EXTENDING OVER MODE THAN
4 r - ; HALF A CENTUD't ' - . "
'
- TOWf-R'.5 garments and . ' : Z
hats are mad of the best ; .
. . ' , materials in black or yellow
for all l I kinds of wet work.
SATISFACTION IS GUARANTEED If yOU STICK < : TO
cr1tw SIGN I OF THE FISH ; : n ,
I TOWER ! & O MASS. U. , :
! CANADIAN COSU ma. TOItOrcTO \ , CAN ,
rI p u n ImST ON E.1RTIi'
FA R M E R S I
f1 m ' ' Harness , Collars and Saddles
With BB trade mule Arc mAde from the
o'd . fashioned tanned CAlifornia luther.
With CAre will last . A lifetime. Ask : : your
@With
B
haler If they do not handle our gooi : .
Send 2.ccnt stamp for CataOl' ! of our
Harness : and Saddrs ! , whid. show you away
way to buy them.
BUCKS'l'AFF nnos. , The Harnell ! Men ,
Lincoln , Nebraska.
Lawn Fence
Iron or wire , many Nlyler + ,
lorrealdenceClntrchachool. )
cemetery ; poultry ) und hog
fence ; farm atfJlI , Send for
cnaloguc.
Cha.pIol . , Iron std WIre Works
OMAHA , NED
PORTRAIT AGENTS Deal Manufacturers Direct with
and 8s a xoney. l I
Our goods the bf'.t. Prices the loweat 'romltllblJ'-
menU 1)ell\'Or1 or all , Portraits guaranteed Send
fur cataloJrue and agents prIce 1I.t. Address
ADAM I. JULOLL A CO" , hew Era IJ1q. , Oh1caco.
10 Mire 811. Harsls For Speclnc OpthalmlL
ft _ $ Moon Ullndnttos IInel other
lora eyes , Buy Co. , Iowa Cltr. Is. . bare a lure cure ,
When Answering Advertisements
Kindly Mention This Paper.
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I HOSPITAL SECRETS.
A Nurse "Pe-ru-na is '
Says : - - 'is ,
Tonic of Efficiency "
. . . . . . . . . . . } . . . . .
r "
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MUS BATE TAYLOR .
I
MI' & Kate Taylor , a graduated . '
nurse 01 prominence , gives her experience -
per/ence with Peruna in IIn open .
letter. Ner position In society and '
professional standing combine to :
give special prominence to her ute
terllnces.
CHICAGO , ILL" , 427 Monroe Stcr _
far as I have observed Peruua Ia . .
finest tonic any man or woman cats nfs .
who is weak from the after effects of a.
serious illness.
"I have seen it i used In a number of co&--
valescent cases , and have seen 8CVCra1J
other tonics used , but I found that thoM :
who used Peruna had the quickest 'clief.
"Peru ll seems to restore vltal/lYi
increase bodily vigor and renew'hellltb
and strength /n II wonderfully short
tlme.MRS KATE TAYLOR.
In view of the great multitude of womea
suffering from some form of female disease
and yet unable to find any cure , Dr Hart-
man , the renowned specIalist pn female
catarrhal diseases , has announced his
willingness to direct the treatment of aa
many cases as make application to him
during the summer months , without
charge Address The Pcruna Medicine
Co. , Columbus , Ohio
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I
we DEMANDS , ,
YOUR ATTENTION . ,
If anyone offered you a good
)
dollar , , for an impe'rfcct on *
, would you take i17
If anyone offered you one good )
, dollar for 75 cents of bid money
' I would you take it 1
, WI offer you 10 ounces of lhtl
, very bat starch made for 10c. ;
No other brand is so , good yeti
' , II others cost 10cc . for 12 ounca. '
Ours is a business proposition.
DEfiANCE STARCH Is ( hi qt
-
and thtlpcst
We , IWee It Sltistldo y
Ask your grocer ;
Tn DEFIANCE STAReD CO .
Dmtba N&b.f
W. N. U. , Omaha. No. 19-1904-