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ABM FHODU
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Few Problems of Greater Im
portance to Farmers
MAY IMPROVE HIS CONDITION
By C V Pugsley Professor of Ag
ronomy and Farm Management Ne
braska Experiment Station
There are few problems of greater
Importance to the farmer than the
problem of marketing the crops
grown upon his place It will be my
purpose to point out a few of the fac
tors which enter into the economic
marketing of farm products and also
to suggest means by which the farmer
may be able to improve his condition
along this line It is altogether pos
sible that a careful study of this one
item of farm management might
change the j early statement so that
a net gain would appear instead of a
net loss or an even break If the
item 01 raise in value of land is lett
out of consideration there are many
farmers who would find it difficult to
boast of even reasonable gains Bad
marketing is not the only thing which
causes this state of affairs but it is
often oue
One of the things which must be
taken into consideration in this con
nection in the purchasing of a farm is
its location Few people realize the
importance of locating a farm on a
good transocntinental railroad There
is always much delay if the railroad
fetation is on a branch line where
only cue 01 two trains a day arrive
and where translers must be made at
the junction point In the case ot
pprishaule goods this is a very import
ant item The farmer who lives on a
trunk line is within about as easy
reach of his closest city even though
it be located a hundred or more miles
distant as is the farmer who lives ten
miles from such a city on a good
highway The matter of having more
than one railroad is also an important
item One may not be able to secure
better rates because of competing
lines but the advantages which will
be secured in the way ot better ac
commodations and quicker service are
often worth many dollars to a heavy
producer
In a location of a farm it is well to
get on a main traveled road becausa
the roads which the farmers travel
the most will be the ones which are
kept in the best condition The cost
of hauling is much lessened by being
close to town and by being located on
a road which has no or very few hills
The farmer should value a man and
team at 3 per day at the least cal
culation and he cannot count on mak
ing much more than three miles per
hour with a heavy load counting the
time of loading and unloading This
would be at the rate of about twenty
cents per ton per mile for one ton
loads If the road is in such condition
that the farmer can haul two tons
then the cost will only be ten cents
per ton and many roads in the coun
try will permit of the hauling of two
tons with a good strong draft team
Let the faimer remember that the
road is no better than its poorest
point for it will be impossible for
him to take a load to town if he can
hot get it over the poorest point in
tho road
Let hi malfo keep careful track of
his time and place a value on it which
is at least high enough I believe that
there is no farm which could not be
materially improved by the presence
of the owner providing the owner can
see the things which need doing For
instance a ccat of paint and the build
ing of a new ience will very often add
5 per acie to the value of a farm
This must he counted in as a possible
way of the farmer profitably employ
ing his time It is a foolish thing for
tho farmer to say that the trip to town
costs bim nothing because he has his
team and wagon and if he were not
using them in the trip they would be
idle He should remember that it
takes more to keep a horse when it
is working than when it is at rest
and also that the wear and tear on the
wagon and harness is an important
Item for consideration Let him also
remember this point If he can haul
a 2000 pound load with two horses he
can haul a 3000 pound load with three
horses If the 2000 pound load is one
half wagon then he will only have
000 pounds net weight while in the
3000 pound load he would have twice
as much net weight and would not
have to add any time for the driver
and only one additional horse
Oue item which is often overlooked
by fanners in figuring the economic
marketing of farm crops is the item
of quantity If one wishes to create
for any farm product a distinct mar
ket it is often necessary for him to
raise enough to make it worth while
for the consumer or- merchant to bid
a little above the current price A
commission firm can often pay more
for a large quantity from one man
for in so doing they lessen their ex
pense by doing away with the clerical
Work connected with small consign
ments This rule will apply to many
things on the farm It applies par
ticularly to the raising of hogs If
the farmer has only a few hogs
which he wishes to dispose of he
must necessarily take whatever price
the buyer in his town cares to offer
but if he has a car load he can ship
to the packing market if necessary
la order to get their lull value It
sSsafejfifciSS
3
probably would not bo necessary tor
tho local buyers in many Instances
offer twenty five cents per hundred
more for hogs in car load lots than
they do for hogs in wagon lots In
the case of cattle the same thing will
apply The more corn hay cream or
butter one has to market the more
people he can get interested in bid
ding for his products and the chances
are the higher his price will be
Very often a few farmers can com
bine in such a manner that they can
get the same results If three neigh
bors have a sufficient quantity of hogs
ready for the market at the same
time they can say to the local buy
er that they have a car load and sell
them as such If the buyer refuses
to give what they are worth they can
be shipped in -the same car and the
commission company will keep a
record of the separate sales
Another very important point in
the combination of farmers is that
communities may go into a distinct
business There are some communi
ties which have been noted for the
raising of Holstein or Jersey cattle
or Percheron horses or Berkshire
hogs so much so in fact that when
a buyer wants a good animal of any
particular class he will very often
go to the community where most of
the farmers are raising that breed of
animal in order that he may have
more individuals from which to make
u selection If our farmers could
realize the advantages which would
accrue to themselves by the founding
of neighborhood breeding associations
they would not be slow in attempting
something of this kind Suppose the
farmers of some county should all
agree to go into the dairy business
and all iaise a particular breed of
dairy cattle the Holstein for exam
ple what would result In the first
place large creamery agents would
be attracted to the county because
they could get their wares in large
quantities Second it is probable
capital could be interested and a
creamerj started in the community
cither pnvate or co operative E
pense ot transporting the raw ma
terial would thus be eliminated
Third buyers of Holstein dairy cattle
from all parts of the country would
come to buy up the surplus stock
There is- often a discussion as to
whether or not the commission man
is a benefactor to the farmer or is a
f robber There are probably some
i honest commission men the same as
there are some dishonest farmers but
we must acknowledge that there are
many honest commission men Some
of the advantages of selling your
products through a commission firm
aie as follows
1 If you are a regular customer of
I the firm and ship goods in sufficient
quantities to make it worth his while
he will keep you posted as to the
market and will do his best to land
you at a good time because his busi
ness will depend upon your pros
perity
2 It is usually better to let him
buy for you as well as sell for he
is on the market at all times and
might be able to land something on a
soft spot
3 Remember that all commission
houses of any consequence have their
spotters that is to say that every
shipment which you make to their
market either to them or to another
firm is known in the office of that
firm upon the date of its arrival They
will class you either as a regular
one who is constant in his shipments
to certain houses or as an irreg
ular one who does not send to one
house for more than one or wo ship
ments If you are a regi you are
ranked much higher in the apprecia
tion of the commission men than if
you are an irregular and it will be
their first duty to take care of all
their regulars before they attempt to
get the very best for the irregulars
This is only natural and is a perfect
sane business proposition
FORAGE PROBLEM
By E A Eurnett Nebraska Experi
ment Station
The recent rains over the larger
portion of the state have so improved
the prospects for corn that many
fields which did not promise a crop
two weeks ago will now make from
one half to two thirds of a crop and
many fields which were greatly in
jured will produce good forage al
though the corn on these fields will
be small and difficult to husk The
question of forage will be the great
problem for the farmer in nearly all
portions of the state The farmer
who has a good acreage of alfalfa will
not be as seriously hurt as the man
who has no alfalfa but hay is bound
to be high priced and hay of mar
ketable quality is now selling at un
precedented prices With more than
seven million acres of corn growing
in Nebraska almost all of which will
make forage every farmer should pro
vide himself with a corn binder and
arrange to cut as much forage as he
will need for his winter use The
corn should be harvested while the
stalks are still green or when they
first begin to fire at the bottom unless
the crop has largely recovered from
the effect of the drought and is now
making rapid growth Every farmer
who has a herd of twenty or more
head of cattle especially if they are
dairy cows should seriously consider
the question of the erection of a silo
and if he -decides to order a silo he
should order without delay and en
deavor to begin the erection of the
silo within the next two weeks The
slo should be finished and ready for
use by the first of September and
the cutter and power should be ar
ranged for so that no disappointment
will be experienced in filling the silo
Tt will be safe to figure that three
tons of silage or possibly a little less
than three tons of silage is equal to
a ton of the best hay Corn can prob
ably be put into the silo for from 2
to 250 per ten including the cost of
growing the corn In nearly all sec
tions of the state the price of market
able hay will be more than 7 per
ton Another great advantage in the
silo will be the fact that plenty of
forage will be available for winter
use whereas without the silo or at
least without corn fodder cut and
properly cared for the forage on the
farm would be insufficient for the win
ters use Every dairyman and most
farmers of the state should use a silo
regardless of the scarcity of feed be
cause it is more economical than feed
ing entirely dry food during the win
ter season Eastern states where
land has become high priced have
been building silos for many years
nd the progressive farmer generally
agrees that he cannot make a profit on
live stock without the use of silage
for winter feeding In the leading
dairy districts the use of silage for
summer feeding has become almost
equally as important The dairyman
feels that he cannot afford to run the
risk of drought and short pastures
even in an average season and with
seasons like the present summer the
man with a silo full of feed for sum
mer use has had a very great advan
tage over those depending wholly up
on pasture or on forage crops It is
to be hoped that Nebraska farmers
generally will study this question thor
oughly and will take this next step
forward in agricultural practice as a
method of increasing their profits on
the land
PROTECT TH
BROWN THRASHER
Song Bird That is More Bene
ficial Than Bilmlse
By John T Zimmer Dept of Enio
mology University of Nebraska
The brown thrasher is common
enough to need but little introduction
It is a long tailed bird rich rufous
brown above creamy white below
heavily stieaked with dark brown
and with two white wing bars Al
though often called brown thrush
it is not a thrush but is more closely
related to the mockingbird and cat
bird Like them it frequents under
brush and shrubbery and builds its
BROWN THRASHER
nest in hedge rows brush piles and
thickets usually at low elevations Its
notes aie numerous but the most
common ones are a sharp kissing
sound and a song composed of dif
ferent combinations of syllables each
combination usually repeated two or
three times This song is very pleas
ing loud and clear as well as ex
tremely varied and is given generally
from the top of a tree or some other
elevated point
The thrashers food is composed
mostly of fruit and insects The lat
ter item comprises about three fifths
of it and Includes such fprms as
beetles grasshoppers bugs and cater
pillars although spiders are also
eaten It is in conrction with this
latter article of diet that the bird
probably gets its name as it has a
peculiar uabit of often beating or
thrashing the insects about on a
branch or limb of some tree before
eating them Less than two fifths of
the birds food is made up of fruit
and grain Tho grain is such a small
item as to be almost negligible Th
fruit is both wild and cultivated
about one fourth of it the former and
the remainder the latter although
some of the cultivated fruits may al j
so be found in a wild state
In summarizing then we may con
clude that the brown thrasher is
more beneficial than otherwise for
most of the fruit taken is of a wild
natuie and even including it with the
cultivated kinds the sum total is out
weighed by the injurious insects
which the oird eats Even if it were
not for this fact the birds song Is
enough to warrant its protection
HOG PASTURES
By Professor Charles B Lee Depart
ment of Animal Husbandry Univer
sity of Nebraska
The advantages derived by having
p good range of pasture for hogs to
feed upon are of a twofold nature
First we have thus furnished cheap
food material to supplement the costly
concentrated feeds Secondly the
langing after forage provides exer
cise an important consideration for
growing pigs and breeding stock This
last factor is an important one since
exercise is very necessary for the
young of all animals It is much more
difficult to produce a runt in a large
lot than it is in a close pen Al
though any kind of pasture is much
better than a dry lot there is never
theless considerable difference in the
food value of pastures and for that
reason care should be exercised in
providing the best pasture possible
For permanency as well as feeding
importance alfalfa makes the bestr
forage which the swine feeder can se
cure The high nrotein value of this
H
plant makes it supplement a grain
ratidh of corn the universal stock
food of the middle west in a most ad
mirable way Its permanency does
away with the necessity of frequently
changing yards and reseeding while
its succulency and palatablility are
an incentive to the appetite Next to
alfalfa we have clover a biennial
crop in the north and soy beans ana
cowpeas two annual crops in the
youth All three of these crops make
No 1 pastures and while lacking the
permanent character of alfalfa never
theless are very valuable in providing
forage of a high protein content Blue
grass makes another desirable hog
pasture For while not providing as
valuable feed as the ones mentioned
cbove it still is very good and has its
cleanness and permanency to recom
mend it For temporary pasture we
have another crop which should be
mentioned This is rape Planted
broadcast or drilled at the rate of five
to six pounds of seed per acre this
will in the course of a few weeks
provide an abundance of excellent
green forage For intensive swine
production this last crop is especially
good as a large amount of feed can
be produced on a small area
Of course the kind of pasture the
ewine grower will use will to a large
extent bo governed by his geological
as well as geographical location and
it is quite possible that some other
than one of the pastures mentioned
will better serve his purpose The
main consideration is the pasture the
best that the locality will support
HOW TO SECURE A
FARMERS INSTITUTE
Taking tne Agricultural College
to Ins Paople
By C W Pugsley Department of Ag
ricultural Extension University of
Nebraska
Many reqrrsts are coming in for
farmers institites These are nearly
always from new points at this season
of the year The people want to know
PROFESSOR C W PUGSLEY
how they can organize that they may
get state help They know that an
appropriation is made every two
years lor carrying on agricultural ex
tension They know that other towns
have been able to got some state aid
in t at i iary c tle points ma
lav z e- ruestens answered the
iollow r0 susgf t 3i re made
I a town or i community is clesh
ous of nolding a farmers institute the
first tiling which should be done is to
oiganize the farmers into a tarmers
institute association This can be
done by electing a president a secre
tary and an executive committee and
by getting fifty members to the asso
ciation each one of whom has paid a
membership fee this membership
fee maj be from 25 cents up
A suggested constitution for both
the mens organization and the wom
ens organization will be sent trom
the office of agricultural extension up
on request After the organization is
perfected blanks will be sent which
can be filled out asking for dates and
speakers Institutes are t chcduled m
runs that is it is necessary for the
department to make out a regular list
of towns in order so that speakers
can make them in succession This
saves time and expense For this rea
son it is not always possible to give
Lhe tov n the speakers and the dates
asked for An effort is made to do
this in all cases but the applicant
must bear in mind that there Is not
sufficient money appropriated for
this work To send a separate set
of speakers on dates asked for would
iequire a much larger amount to each
town Sometimes we have as many as
two dozen applications for the same
date It is absolutely impossible to
fill all of thse Some will have to
content themselves with taking a
date either before or after
The speakers who are sent are very
largely graduates of the College of
Agriculture who have had practical ex
perience in farming or else they are
farmers of large experience in the
state of Nebraska and in the adjoin
ing states The speakers are care
fully chosen and while it is not al
ways possible to supply a speaker
who will fill the demands of every
place yec no spaaker is kept upon
the list who does not give general
satisfaction in his special line
is
YAL
BAKING POWDER
Absolutely Pure
The only Baking Powder made
from Royal Grape Cream of Tartar
NO ALUM NO LIME PHOSPHATE
ELECTRIC THEATRE
THE PEOPLES POPULAR PLAY HOUSE
EVERYTHING TO PLEASE
NOTHING TO OFFEND
ONLY THE CREAM OF THE
MOVING PICTURE WORLD
EnsaanssE
HIGHEST CLASS OFFERINGS
AT THE USUAL PRICES
wunmnauMi immmr
fli
a iSb
3i
lrm
riUSIC BY JONES AND JONES
THE HIGH CLASS MUSICAL TEAiYl
jaPwswTMWEgsreftrreraaaEuafyis
Cut
on Coal
During the months of Juh and August on lots of
thiee tons or more we will make following prices
Canon Lump 800 per ton
Maitland Lump 750 per ton
Alaitland Nut 700 per ton
Maitland Pea 650 per ton
Lignite Lump 650 per ton
Iowa Lump 650 per ton
Pennsylvania Nut 1250 per ton
Pennsylvania Steve 1250 per ton
Pennsylvania Furnace 1200 per ton
Colorado Nut 12oo per ton
These prices areico less than last winter and will save
ou some money by putting in your winter coal now
Lumber Co
Telephone No 1
ZZZ
September Travel Bulletin
The excursion rates to Eastern localities will continue It is
your last low rate chance of the summer to visit your old home or
make a tour of the East
The Dry Farming Congress will be held at Colorado Springs on
October 16 20 Special rates will be made
The colonist one way rates to Pacific Coast are in effect Sep
tember loth to October 15th orly this year
Tlk Burlington has through standard and tourist sleepers ev
y day to California on No 3 via Rio Grande Scenic Colorado
and tlu Southern Pacific and Salt Lake Route on No 9 via
th Rio Grande Scenic Colorado and the Western Pacific
Cn Tim op3ration Western people living in the territory
s rviil by the Burlington will be interested in knowing something
jbruf 111 punctuality with which tin mnmgement tries to operate
tains Fast mail No 7 from Chicago to Omaha during the
from April to July inclusive a period of 122 days arriv
al t the Missouri River On Time every day The other ex
clusive fast mail and express train No 15 from Chicago to Oma
ha during June and July 1911 arrived On Time -at the Mis
souri River every day These are the- exclusive mail and express
trains that daily bring into the West the great volume of traffic
so necessary to th social and commercial life of that region
sflnBii
UB WWII IIIMIL
L W WAKELEY
fieneral Passenger Agent
Wi Omaha Nebraska
D
F HOSTETTER
Ticket Agent
McCook Nebraska
- - 7vHyvvWfJ7ry
To Ida Lewis and to Whom it
May Concern
You will take notice that on
the 17th day of December 1909
I purchased at private tax
sale from the treasurer of Red
Willow county Nebraska lots
II and 12 in block 4 North Mc
Cook Red Willow county Neb
for the delinquent taxes assessed
thereon for the years 1891 to
1908 inclusive and have since
paid the taxes thereon for the
years 1909 and 191U said lots
were assessed for taxes for the
years 1891 to 1911 inclusive in
the name of Ida Lewis
That after the expiration of
three months from the date of
the comtsleted service of this no-
tice by publication and after the
17th day of December 1911 i
shall apply to the County Treas
urer of said county for a deed to
said premises
C EL BOYLE
First publication Aug 29 3t
Hay Fever Asthma and Summer Col
must berelieved quickly and Foleys
Honey ahd Tar Compound will do it
E M Stewart 1034 Wolfram St
Chicago -writes I have been great
iy troubled during the hot cummer
momhs with hay fever and find that
by using Foleys Honey and Tar
Compound I get great relief Many
others who suffer similar- will be
jIil tu benefit by Mr sterrl s cv
perienef A McMillen
Drink Wedding Breakfast
coffee and be happy At ECub
ers only
