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Bulgaria and Its History
The Long and Oppressive Ruto
of the Turks and the Ef
forts to Throw Off
an Odious Yoke
action of the Bulgarians In
THE their Independence
of Turkey is hailed as hasten
ing the era when not a foot of
territory In Europe will be under the
domination of a iloslem power Step
by step the Turk has been forced out
of Europe but his going has been re
tarded by the jealousies of the Chris
tian powers and their reluctance to ac
cept any arrangement by which one
might gain at the expense of another
even though such an outcome might be
in the interest of justice for some in
dividual state This was what pre
vented Bulgaria from gaining entire
Independence of Turkey thirty years
ago For 000 years the country had
w li Til
THE BULGAIUAK lSUiiKK AND HIS KOYAIi
SlOUSE
suDfered from Mohammedan rule The
outrages of the Turks became so un
bearable that at last in 1S7G an insur
lection broke out Russia ever ready
to seize the opportunity to increase
her power and prestige to the south
ward took Bulgarias part against the
Turk and the result was the Russo
Turkisli war of 1S77 S
It was in May 1S7G that the villa
gers of Batak in the southwestern
part of Bulgaria were preparing to
take part in the insurrection then be
gun when the place was attacked by
a force of biishi bazouks under the
command of Achmet Agha of Dopat
After a short struggle the villagers
surrendered on the assurance of the
Turkish commander that not a hair
of their heads should be touched But
immediately thereafter one of the most
cruel massacres recorded in history
began All the inhabitants young and
old women and children were butch
ered and those who took refuge in the
village church were burned to death
Jy the Turkish soldiers An English
man who visited the place two mouths
later found but one survivor an old
woman The Turkish government
showed its appreciation of this slaugh
ter of infidels by rewarding Achmet
with a decoration of honor but the
atrocities aroused all Europe and fur
nished Russia witb an excellent pre
text for going to var against the sui
tan and his bloodthirsty champions
The war ended when in March 1S7S
the treaty of San Stefano was signed
By it Russia was to get various prov
inces as well as a war indemnity of
00000000 rubles Bulgaria was to be
created a principality extending from
rbe Danube to tli Aege ui
But this treaty dil not suit the great
Kritfch tlilijuit so the con
gress of Berii i ws sumiiei and in
the treatv of Berlin of IMS Bulgaria
v as haikod cat dovi and amputated
Into a 1 m Prised to pay
an anm A- 1 Tcy IVr
been
wailing an i vvt r r r opcrtu
nity to throw T tuiktelv the Turk
ish yoke It i a anomalous condi
tion that a couury which ia more Th in
H per cent Ciiian should be under
the domiuLic cT a power so oppose 1
to all the ideas o this faith as the
Moslem ruler wheso capital is Constan
tinople To be sure the Turkish rule
of Bulgaria hn net iu late j ears been
absolute Th country ha had a
Christian government and an elective
body chosen every three years to car
ry out in that government the wishes
of the people But as the capacity of
the people to govern themselves grew
the vassalage to an empire so hateful
to them as Turkey became more and
irore odious The Berlin treaty pro
vided that Bulgaria might have a na
tional militia and this has been
The Ruler of the Principality
Who Now Calls Himself
Czar of ihe Bulgars
Gurious Gustoms
oped into an army which is well equip
ped and drilled and ready for hostili
ties should they come The treaty also
gave Bulgaria a Christian prince as its
executive with responsible cabinet
ministers The first of these rulers
Alexander of Battcnberg who was
chosen to the post iu 1879 was forced
to abdicate in 18S5 in consequence of
his schemes to enlarge his powers and
minimize the suzerainty of Turkey
The effort was premature
Prince Ferdinand of Saxe Coburg
who succeeded Alexander in 3887 lent
a willing ear to those Bulgarians who
wished to fight on for their countrys
independence Ilis ambitions led In
the same direction He coveted much
the title of king In the proclamation
In Which he recently declared Bulgaria
free from vassalage to Turkey he took
the title of czar of the Bulgars
which was the title of the old kings
over H00 years ago when the king
dom was a powerful one when the
monarch dominated the entire Balkan
peninsula and the Greek church in
Bulgaria which is the national church
today was a treasury of learning and
art It was at Tirnova the capital of
the ancient kingdom and in the old
church of the Forty Martyrs built by
Czar Schischman In 120 that the proc
lamation of independence was made
so that the circumstances appealed to
the patriotic enthusiasm of the people
There is Jione of the blood of the old
kings in Prince Ferdinand but he
stands for the cause of Bulgarian na
tionality and the Bulgarians rally
about him on that account
Bulgaria has a population of only
about 4000000 less than that of New
York city but it has a standing army
nearly as large as that of the United
States On a peace footing its strength
is about r2n00 but the military sys
tem has been placed on such a basis
that it is said that 200000 trained men
could be put in the field and on the
opposite side of the Macedonian fron
tier In another two weeks two more
armies of 100000 each could be placed
on a war footing Turkey is torn
with dissensions owing to the re
forms the Young Turk party is en
deavoring to institute and the Bul
garians deemed this an opportune time
to make their stand
Frinee Ferdinand or the czar of the
Bulgars to give him the title he has
taken Is a son of a daughter of Louis
Philippe king of the French He was
born in 1SG1 and has some Hungarian
blood In 1S93 he married Marie
Louise of Bourbon Parma Both he
and his wife belonged to the Roman
Catholic church but the most of his
subjects being Greek Catholics he de
sired to please them and popularize
the house with the nation by having
his eldest son and heir Prince Boris
of the national faith and the little
prince was in lSJG received into the
Greek church at the cathedral in Sofia
wXViwvvw vaww wnwV ww w wwxwv WS
WOSIEX BItAXDED WITH CltOSS IN FOKI
HEAD
the ceremony attracting much atten
tion and occasioning considerable the
ological controversy Prince Boris is
now fourteen years old and is a hand
some youth Marie Louise died in
1S99 leaving besides Boris three chil
drenCyril Eudoxie and Nadejda
The czar married again not long ago
A curious side light on the conditions
existing in Bulgaria under Turkish
rule is cast by a custom which has
grown up in some of the villages of
the country The unthinking traveler
notices that many of the women in
these communities wear the mark of
the cross branded on their foreheads
It has become customary p mark
young girls in this way as soon as
they reach maturity and especially if
they are at all attractive the idea be
ing to prevent their being abducted
for Turkish harems The cross nat
urally excites hatred and disgust in a
follower of the doctrines of Islam
and a woman so marked is in no dan
ger of being forcibly carried away
MCTIlfW WIIM
WHEN SILENCE WAS GOLDEN
Spoechmaking by Presidential Candi
dates No Longer Dangerous
The modern practice of speeebmnk
ing by presidential candidates Is In
marked contrast to the early practice
In former times It was considered un
dignified for a candidate for president
to make any open effort In his own be
half and candidates generally observ
ed strict silence The theory was that
If a candidate opened his mouth to say
anything or even wrote the most com
monplace letter It would be used
against him
General Scott Whig candidate for
president in 12 owed his defeat in
part to two innocent but unfortunate
expressions used by him long before
his nomination In 1S40 when he ex
pected to be ordered to Mexico he be
spoke the support of the administra
tion for his military plans by saying
in a published letter that soldiers had
a far greater dread of a fire upon the
rear than of the most formidable en
emy In the front For lhjexpression
President Polk declined to order him
to Mexico at that time and when
Scott was nominated for president six
years later he never heard the last of
the fire upon the rear
The other expression occurred in a
note to the secretary of war One day
the secretary called at General Scotts
office and found that he was absent
On returning and learning that the sec
retary had called the general wrote a
note in explanation of his absence say
ing that he had only stepped out for
a moment to take a hasty plate of
soup When he was nominated for
president the hasty plate of soup
figured in all sorts of caricatures and
brought upon him ridicule that he did
not deserve
Abraham Lincoln a frequent speak
er prior to his nomination did not ut
ter a word publicly during the cam
paign He made no addresses wrote
no public letters and held no confer
ences His letter of acceptance con
tained only 134 words The practice of
speechmaking by candidates after their
nomination began with James A Gar
field Indianapolis News
A WOMANS INFLUENCE
Effect It Produced on Her Husbands
Business Affairs
A delegation of young men lately
waited on their employers wife with
the oddest request on record You
see madam said the spokesman we
want to have a half holiday every Sat
urday Now if you will be particu
larly nice to Mr Page for a few days
well go to im and ask
Gent the lady haughtily in
terrupted do you imply that I do not
understand what is due to my hus
band
Oh I know all about it madam
the spokesman went on Im married
myself Things go wrong in the house
and youre tired and cross at breakfast
Then we suffer at the office You stay
up late to chaperon your daughter at a
ball and we have more trouble at the
office Youre a bit cross three morn
ings in succession for one reason or
another and we have a a terrible
time at the office
You see how the matter stands and
how greatly you will oblige us by be
ing more than usually agreeable to Mr
Page for three or four days The
fourth day give him the best breakfast
you can everything that he likes best
and well get what we want in three
minutes
Talk about a woman having no in
fluence in the business Why the hu
mor shes in has more effect than a
bank failure or a boom in trade
She thought she ought to be angry
but instead she laughed and agreed to
the proposition and four days later
when they waited on the head of the
firm he made the closing hour 12
oclock and said never in the history
of the firm had things run as satisfac
torily as they had during the last four
days London Tit Bits
The African Elephant
Shunning man and as a ruie fleeing
at his approach the African elephant
when attacked often shows 11 scat and is
dangerous prey Kongo specimens have
very large cars that even stretch back
beyond the neck and cover p rt of the
flank In color the Kongo elephants
are of a grayish blue almost slatelike
tint No one has even reporte 1 seeing
specimens of the sacred white elephant
of India there In size Kongo ele
phants have been killed more than
fourteen feet high at the withers and
reckoned at more than eight tons in
weight Tusks obtained are sometimes
more than 200 pounds in weight and
six feet and a half in length
Free Speech In England
Professor Masterman lecturing at
Cambridge on modern England and
the liberty of the subject said there
was enough treason spoken in Hyde
park London on Sunday afternoons
to fill a German fortress Instead the
orators went home to tea It is a re-
Henpeck It would drive me crazv
Mrs H Would you marry again
Henpeck I dont think I would be as
crazy as that St Paul Pioneer Press
The Secret
Sparks I wonder why it Is a woman
SLANG OFTHE SAILOR
The Lingo That Is Used by Uncle
Sams Bluejackets
MANY QUAINT EXPRESSIONS
The Man May Be a
Snowdigger or a Sloper but Ho
Uses the Language cf Every Other
Sailor
There Is n language that is neither
English nor American down east nor
southern western nor Yankee It Is
just sailors lingo
No matter what part of the country
may he the birthplace of a bluejacket
or what his language at home sooner
or later he uses the language of every
other sailor
To the civilian a conversation be
tween two bluejackets about his life
on shipboard is hardly intelligible The
other day on the water front two sail
ors were overheard talking says the
San Francisco Bulletin
Oh hes nothing but a beach comb
er He was ruu up for breaking it once
and got sent to the pie wagon said
one of them
I heard lie got six months and a bob
before he rone here replied the other
A small boy standing near asked
what all those things meant The sail
ors were in a good humor and ex
plained
Beach comber lad Why thats a
fellow who hangs around a rnlnon
ashore and never wants to work
Breaking it is staying overtime on
shore and run up is brought to the
mast for offenses The pie wagon is
the place where they put prisoners and
six months and a bob is sentenced to
six months in prison and given a djs
honorable discharge
There are many other terms and ex
pressions that do not show their mean
ing on the surface
A rookie is a recruit A man who
ships over enlists again A man who
Is on the report for mast call Is down
for a chance Canned beef is known
as canned Willie and a bottle of
liquor is a dog All things lost on
shipboard are put in a room called the
lucky bag An honorable discharge
is a big ticket and desertion by a
sailor is jumped When the mail ar
rives on board and is ready for distri
bution mailo is the cry which carries
the news A ships carpenter is called
chips a coppersmith coppers a
blacksmith blacky and the chief of
the engineering department the chief
When a ship is traveling at sea it Is
seagoing and if it hurries it is mak
ing knots A prison on shore is a
stone frigate When a man is dis
rated to a lower rating he is busted
when he deserts and voluntarily gives
himself up within a period of six
months he is a straggler when he is
sitting next the dealer in a friendly
game of draw he is under the
gun when he is continually quoting
the naval legulations lie has swallow
ed the blue book and when he thinks
he knows more about the blue bosk
than the captain he is a sea lawyer
Pipe down means in American
slang shut up Put in his oar is
butt in Shove off Jack is a hint
to move on When a man is dishon
orably discharged he gets a straight
kick A sailor who draws more pay
draws more water One who talks
too much blows off at a low pressure
Wednesday afternoon when the crew
overhaul their clothing is rope yard
Sunday Any part of the United
States is called Gods country and
the man from the eastern coast is a
snowdigger while his brother tar
from the west is called sloper The
duty of calling the men in the morning
falls to the master at arms and he
says show a leg or rise up and
shine When a man has had no
night watch and gets up in the morn
ing with a good appetite it is all
night in and beans for breakfast
One of the more familiar sea terms
is caught a crab meaning caught an
oar in the water When a sailor has
several enlistments to his credit he is
called a sea dog or an old salt
A gentle hint from one sailor to an
other that he does not believe some
thing which is being told to him is tell
it to a marine To re enlist is to
slip over and when more than half
the enlistment is in a sailor is going
downhill
His Office Hours
Pat a miner after struggling for
years in a western mining district
finally giving up in despair was about
to turn his face eastward when sud
denly he struck it rich Soon after
ward he was seen strutting along
dressed in fine clothes One day an
old friend stopped him saying
And how are you Pat Id like to
talk to you
Pat stretched himself proudly
If you want to talk to me Ill see
you in me office I hev an office now
uwiftauie wet uuea auueu iue we- iani llle hours is from a m in the
turer that there is no state in Europe j m0rnin to p m in the afternoon-
v vw ovwCJoU Aorru western jnnstian Advocate
rAre or so strongly resented by the
people at largt London Graphic
Crack or Break
Edwin and his mother went for n
A Limit walk Sundav afternoon Cominsr tn n
Sirs Henpeck to her husband tree of cherries the motlmr honf n
What would you do if I were to die j low limb so that the little fellow
could pick some Seeing some fine ones
higher up he begged to be allowed to
climb the tree Oh no said his
mother that would be breaking the
Sabbath
And we are only cracking the Sab
hath now are we mamma inquired
lets out everything you tell her Parks Edwin Delineator
My dear hoy u woman has only two
from her people and compelled to lead views of a secret either it Is not worth
a life of practical slavery among a keeping or it is too good to keep
race alien to her own J Stray Stories
A clever man turns great troubles
Into little ones and little ones Into
none at all Chinese Proverb
mtmmmjL jsasr
ALPINE GUIDES
Some Are Experts In Snow and lc
Work Some In Rock Work
Some of the Alpine guides are experts-
In climblug There are a 1111111
ber who are noted for their skill h
what the Alpinist calls snow and Ice
work Thnt means going up a peak
which has so nianj snow fields ami
glaciers that its sides and summits
may be nearly covered with them
The glacier guide can tell you all
about cornices snow masses which
project from the edge of precipices
and overhang the valley beneath like
the roof of a house Experience has
tcld him whether a cornice can be
crossed safely or whether It may
break off If one ventures upon It lie
Is also an expert with the Ice ax car
ried in his belt cutting footholds in
the glittering walls that may rise fif
ty or a hundred feet above your head
These Ice precipices are frequently
found at the heads of glaciers which
as the schoolboy knows are merely
rivers of frozen water slowly moving
down the face of a mountain on ac
count of the force of gravity and the
great pressure of the Ice masses
which form their source on the upper
part of the slope Other guides make
a speciality of rock work conduct
ing persons up peaks which may be
only partly covered with snow and ice
but having sides of bare rock so steep
that in places the cliffs may be almost
straight up and down Here It would
seem that one must be as spry and as
sure footed as the chamois the rare
goat that lives up amid the Alps
While the crevasse and other dangers
of the snow and ice fields may be ab
sent the mountain may be so abrupt
that the climler mHst ascend hun
dreds of feet pulling himself up with
arms aiding his legs while often the
guide hauls him to the top of the
most difficult slopes by main strength
St Nicholas
A MANSFIELD FAILURE
When the Famous Actor Fainted
of
Hunger In London
Mansfield was taken to the Savage
club where his cleverness was attest
ed by the leading entertainers of Lon
don When Corney Grain was taken
sick In the spring of 1S77 Mansfield
was at once recommended as his sub
stitute in the German Reed entertain
ments He was to receive 8 a week
This was a splendid salary for any
young man as salaries went then or
as they stand now on the London
stage To Mansfield it was a positive
windfall
As a member of this distinguished
little coterie of entertainers Mansfield
felt that his fortune was made nis
whole interest attention and hope now
centered on April 20 the night of his
debut He was assigned the small role
of the beadle in the comedietta Char
ity Begins at nome which opened
the evening After that he was to
change to evening dress and hold the
stage alone for half an hour after the
manner established by Corney Grain
Every shilling he could scrape together
went for a wardrobe linen boots cra
vat a boutonniere and other irre
proachable appurtenances
His friends crowded St Georges
hall for his first appearance It was
observed as lie uttered the few lines
of the beadle that he was excessively
nervous When later in the evening
he sat down at the piano and struck a
preliminary chord he fainted dead
away
Mr Reed relieved him of his position
at once In discharging him he said
You are the most nervous man I have
ever seen It was not all nervous
ness however Mansfield had not eat
en for three days He had fainted
from hunger
It was many a year before he again
worked up to the munificence of 8 a
week but this pathetic incident was
later made an asset as employed by
him in an attractive little comedy of
his own writing Paul Wilstach in
Scribners
Iodine and Light
If it is necessary to use iodine for
painting the skin in medical treatment
it is worth remembering that the paint
ing should be done in the dark or in a
red light such as is used in photogra
phy
If this is done and the painted por
tion of the bkin be covered uithout
baing exposed to white light it will not
blister nor stain the flesh even if the
painting is repeated a good many
times New York Sun
Deer
Deer will cat almost any khii of
grain or grass even pivrerri ihe
rankest weeds to the c hi e
They should always hve tn jr
supply of clear run
the greatest item cf c 1
with raising elver is Jl
ing The fvs in ii
the sprinir or iry - r
a r im e hut ore avi -
smVimxly i - I
rare cases triplets Kts
British Army Intelligence
An army order gavt tv f
f Ay I
hi
nit
t
d
i
as the occasions on wind th ii 11
jack is to be flown
a On anniversaries only or wlien spe
cially required for salutins purposes b
On Sundays and anniversaries c Daily
Punch
Not Like Father
Do you think Mr Skiunums baby
will take after its father
Xot at all The other day they
persuaded it to cough up a nickel it
had swallowed Washington Star
JJo man has ever by complaining of
his ill luck induced others to have con
fidence in him Chicago Record-Herald
-1
DR I J GUNN
DENTIST PnoKB m
Offleo Rooms 3 and 5 Walih Illk McCook
GATEW00D VAHUfc
DENTISTS
Office over McAdams Store Phone I9b
Dr J A Col for
DENTIST
Room i Postokkick Huiluino
Phone 378 McCOOK NEBRASKA
A G BUMP
Real Estate
and Insurance
Room Two over McCounolla drug
store McCook Nebrnska
YOU WOULD DO WELL TO SEE
J M Rupp
FOR ALL KINDS OF Rpfclf 1
P O Box 131 McCook Nebraska
A Edgar Hawkins
Phone Red 193
H H Evau
Phone Red 2U
HAWKINS EVANS
Contractors and Builders
Plans drawn and estimates furn
ished on application-
McCook Nebraska
AUTOMOBILE LIVERY
DALLAS DIVINE Prop
PHONE 166 McCOOK HEBR
Night or day trips
made anywhere
Prices Reasonable Good Service
Guaranteed
E F OSBORN
Drayman
Prompt Service
Courteous Treatment
Reasonable Prices
GIVE ME
A TRIAL
Office First Door
South of DeGrofPs
Phone 13
Mike Walsh
DEALER IN
POULTRY EGGS
Old Rubber Copper and Brass
Highest Market Price Paid in Cask
Now location just acroas TnCrrlr
street in P Walsh buildine l IVUUK
F D BURGESS
Plumber and
Steam Fitter
Iron Lead and Sewer Pipe Brass A
Goods Pumps an Boiler Trimmings f
Estimates Furnished Free Base
ment of the Postoffice Buldr
McCOOK NEBRASKA
osra
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