U47
barometer of the feeling of the gam
bling element of the country has re
cently taken a short sharp rise
Tho area of land which will be
plowed and seeded this winter and
next spring will exceed the area tilled
last year
It is inevitable that a prosperous
harvest brings a greater seed sowing
The greatly increased demand -for cat
tle and horses means more stock
Breeding pastures will be fuller next
year than they were ever before
THE YEAR IN REVIEW
Momentous Events That Have Signal
ized the Past Twelve Months
The all absorbing topic of January
1903 was the Venezuelan imbroglio
The active events of that affair be
long of course to 1902 though as late
as Jan 22 the German ships bom
barded the fort of San Carlo3 but on
Jan 8 President Castro- restedVen
ezuclas side of the case entirely in
the hands of Minister Bowen who set
sail for home Jan 11 After that the
whole matter was thrashed out in
Washington and the interest in the
affair remained keen to the very close
because many thought they saw in the
warlike action of the allies especially
Germany a determination to attack
no Venezuela so much as Uncle Sams
famous Monroe doctrine The attempt
if it were really so intended complete
ly failed for though pitted against
some of the most astute diplomats of
Europe Minister Bowen persistently
upheld the real rights of the weaker
country and negotiated terms of set
tlement favorable to Venezuela with
out calling the time honored doctrine
Into question or dispute
The Great Coal Strike
The anthracite coal strike belongs
even more to the history of 1902 than
does the Venezuelan affair and the de
liberations of the arbitration commis
sion attracted even less general in
terest than their importance justified
The commission entered into the mat
ter most thoroughly and systematical
ly The last witness was not called
until Feb 5 and the arguments of the
opposing counsel consumed the fol
lowing week President George F
Baer represented the operators and
Clarence Darrow the miners
After a months deliberations the
commission reported
The miners won a portion of in
crease in wages and reduction of hours
of work demanded before tho strike
were granted a better system of meas
uring their work and a practical if not
a formal recognition of their union
The decision was a victory for the
miners especially as they would will
ingly have accepted the terms allowed
before they began the strike had not
the mine operators refused to concede
arbitrate or negotiate
In Congress
The second session of -the
congress may be briefly summar
ized Provisions were made for an
increase in the navy similar to that of
rnrmfir vears a uniform militia bill
was passed as was also a law creating
1
31-31-
wartmwknnrm wri runrnrr
a general staff in command of tho
army
Other important if not Interesting
legislation was effected but the om
nibus statehood bill was lost Little
fields bill to regulate corporations
never got to a vote in the senate no
tariff concessions were granted to im
ports to the Philippines
An act that met with universal ap
proval was the creation of a now de
partment and the addition of a new
member to the presidents cabinet
the Department of Labor and Com
merce As soon as created in Feb
ruary the presidents private secre
tary George B Cortelyou was appoint
ed its secretary At the same time
and a3 a part of the new department
a bureau of corporation was estab
lished and James R Garfield son of
the late president became its chief
When congress adjourned or rather
expired March 3 two questions were
unsettled Cuban reciprocity and the
Panama canal but as the treaties con
cerning them required only the action
of the senate President Roosevelt
summoned the new senate into exist
ence immediately to consider the two
measures The reciprocity treaty was
ratified but the nature of its pro
visions required action by the house
JANUARY
First cablegram U S to Hawaii
-Napier Lothian died Boston
died in Spain
-Moses Tenney died Georgetown
Hastings Penn died
-Duty taken off coal
shot editor S Carolina
-Cardinal Parochi died Rome
investigation Mass
do Blowitz died Paris
-Abram S Hewitt died New York
Cape Cod to England
-Germany sent Sternberg to U S
-Julian Ralph died New York
-Germans shelled Venezuelan fort
-Canal treaty with Colombia
Lynch guilty London
-Alaskan boundary treaty
Col Lynchs sentence commuted
-Patrick Divver died New York
-Cyrus Cobb died Allston
-John D Long seriously ill
resigned from navy
new French ambassador
FEBRUARY
1 Elisha Morgan died Springfield
3 Daniel B Lord died Salem
3 150000 fire Middlebury Vt
3 Local option won Vermont
5 Henry L Dawes died Pittsfield
5 End coal strike hearings Penn
C Rear Admiral Wildes died at sea
10 Str Madiana wrecked Bermuda
14 Venezuela blockade raised
1C Cortelyou Secretary of Commerce
16 Rear Admiral Robinson died Phil
16 Chas Theo Russell died Camb
18 Beef trust Injunction
IS E J Flynn died New York
20 Pope Leos 25th anniversary
24 Cuban coal station agreement
26 Dr R J Gatling died New York
27 Burdick murdered in Buffalo
I MARCH
1 Gen W F Smith died Phila
1 Wm Scollans died Brighton
2 Extra session U S senate called
4 End of 57th congress
C U S senate in extra session
10 Arthur Pennejl killed Buffalo
10 Woman suffrage defeated N H
12 Czar decreed religious freedom
13 Maine stuck to prohibition
17 Shamrock III launched Scotland
17 Canal treaty ratified by senate
19 300000 fire at Pepperell
19 Cuban reciprocity treaty ratified
19 Senate adjourned sine die
21 Coal commission report
22 Very Rev F W Farrar died London
2C License law in New Hampshire
27 N K Fairbanks died Chicago
28 Lowell mills ordered closed
29 G F Swift died Chicago
so it remained inoperative until the
extra session In November
The Panama Canal
The Panama canal was the burning
question and at the beginning as at
the close of this year it seemed a
certainty For years the agitation in
favor of a canal across the Isthmus of
Panama had been agitated and recent
ly with increased interest Thousands
of dollars haa been spent surveying
toe possible routes and it at last
seemed assured that the United
States in conjunction with Great
Britain would undertake the Nica
ragua route
Since the collapse of the De Les
seps Panama scheme a new French
company had possession of and had
done some work on the Panama canal
but until it became evident that this
country was in earnest about Nicara
gua the French company refused to
sell out at a reasonable price Then
when competition seemed likely they
surprised American lawmakers by of
fering their holdings at less than half
their former figures They offered to
sell their concessions and everything
in sight for 40000000 giving until
March 4 for acceptance Congress hes
itated many favoring the Nicaragua
route and when the time was about
to expire President Roosevelt took the
responsibility of accepting the proposi
tion running the risk of defeat ia tke
senate or in Colombia In the mean
time Secretary Hay and Div Hjerran
the Colombian charge signed
a treaty by which the United States
agreed to pay Colombia a bonus of
110000000 and an annual rental of
250000 for such concessions as the
French company had received It was
the ratification of this treaty that
brought the question to the issue in
the senate and when congress ad
journed without action an extra ses
sion was called This session ratified
the treaty March 17
Some Passing Sensations
Besides the affairs of general im
portance already noted several events
of opening months of the year should
be mentioned On Jan 15 J T Till
man shot and killed Editor N G
Gonzalez Gonzalez had attacked Till
man rabidly in his paper and had de
feated his nomination for governor
The affair was widely and vehemently
discussed but in October Tillman was
acquitted partly because the fatal at
tack was not entirely unjustified and
partly because there was evidence to
show that Tillman thought Gonzalez
was armed and about to attack him
Disastrous Floods
Little can be said here of the disas
trous floods of the year In March the
lower Mississippi rose higher than
ever before and on the 20th of that
mouth passed all records Cities along
the river especially Memphis suffered
heavily levees gave way and miles of
lowlands were inundated causing un
told damage and great suffering
SO Lowell mills idle
SI Young Corbett whipped McGovern
APRIL
-Roosevelt on western tour
B Hayes died Lynn
-Rear Ad Belknap died Key West
-Northern Securities merger annulled
-Chap W H Milburn died California
-Reliance launched Bristol
-Shamrock III dismasted abroad
massacro of Jews
K Vanderbilt married London
-China refused Russian demands
-Irving M Scott died Frisco
-King Edward visited the Pope
-Russia for open door in far east
-Stuart Robson died New York
-Paul du Chaillu died Russia
MAY
-King Edward welcomed in Paris
-Bishop Foster died Newton
-Kaiser visited the Pope
-Bishop Hurst died Washington
-Sir Saginaw sunk 20 lost
-Russia reoccupied Niu Chwang
-Russia left Niu Chwang
-R H Stoddard died New York
-Corruption inquiry Beacon Hill
-Sybil Sanderson died Paris
-Max ORell died Paris
100th birthday
-500000 lire in Laconia N H
arrested Washington
-Shamrock III sailed for New York
JUNE
1 Lowell mills reopened
1 Last play at Boston Museum
Forest fires ia New England
5 Roosevelts western trip ended
7 Levee broke at East St Louis
8 Rain in N E been dry 50 days
10 King and queen killed Servia
12 Gen Alex McCook died Ohio
14 Shamrock ill arrived at New York
15 Karagcorgevitch king of Servia
17 Reliance lost topmast
IS Geo Wheaton died Washington
IS Africander won the Suburban
20 Cardinal Vaugfcan died London
21 Maj J B Pond died Now York
23 U S squadron at Kiel
25 Hooker statue unveiled Boston
25 Yale won boat races New London
26 Cornell won boat races Hudson
pecially to the poor negroes of the
South The following month and in
June the Missouri and its tributaries
were flooded and Topeka Kansas City
St Louis and East St Louis suffered
from the rush of waters The cotton
mills in the Carolinas and Georgia
were also victims of the raging waters
and many other cities notably Pater
son N J were inundated Heppner
Ore was practically devastated by a
cloudburst
Passing of Pope Leo
Late in June came the announce
ment of the serious illness of Pope
Leo XIII That aged pontiff was 93
years of age on March 2 and on
March 3 celebrated the twenty fifth an
niversary of his coronation as pope
thus putting an end to the long-honored
tradition that no pontiff would
see the days of Peter 25 years
Pope Leos predecessor had reigned 32
years the longest in history and the
old tradition cannot survive thisv sec
ond breaking of the record On July 5
the pontiff was regarded as in a criti
cal condition and in a few days his
life was despaired of but though ap
parently frail in body the long years
of simple habits had given him a splen
did power of resistance to disease and
for more than two weeks he battled
with the ravages of pleural pneumonia
On July 20 however he died and on
the following day the chair of Peter
was declared vacant by Cardinal Cam
erlingo Oreglia The conclave to
choose his successorassembled on the
last day of the month and on Aug 4
after several indecisive ballots chose
Cardinal Sarto Patriarch of Venice
who was elected He chose the title
of Pius X and was crowned Aug 4
Eventful August
August was an eventful month On
the 8th Lieutenant General Nelson A
Miles long the commanding general
of tho army was retired from active
service For seven days Major Gen
eral S B M Young commanded in his
stead but Aug 15 the army staff law
went into effect and General Young
became chief of staff
The event of Aug 12 was more sig
nificant for on that day misguided
Colombians brewed trouble for them
selves On that day the Colombian
senate rejected the Hay Herran Pai
ma canal treaty and this unexpecb
action seemed for the time to put the
canal farther away than ever
Even the chagrin that accompanied
the turn of affairs gave place to expec
tancy when Sir Thomas Lipton ar
rived with his third challenger for
Americas cup Shamrock HI
The boat had been launched in
March and even before the defender
had taken definite shape news of its
wonderful sailing capacity was flashed
across the Atlantic Not a few an
ticipated that upon this expedition the
gallant Irishman would be successful
in carrying back the trophy He was
however doomed to a crushing defeat
10 Pope Leos second operation
11 American riflemen won England
34 Crimes act revoked Ireland
15 Mrs J G Elaine died Maine
17 P M Arthur died Winnipeg
18 J McN Whistler died London
20 Pope Leo died Rome
22 Casslus M Clay died Kentucky
2G Masses for Pope Boston
27 Reliance picked to defend cup
29 Magazines exploded Tewksbury
31 Cardinals in conclave Rome
4-
4-
5-
8-
S-
S-
8-
9-
10-
12-
14-
14-
18-
19-
20-
21-
22-
22-
22-
24-
25-
elected Pope Pius X
steel trust resigned
-Stock market slump
Gen Miles retired
Gen Young head of army
lifted tennis bowl
-Rear Admiral Melville retired
-Pope Pius X crowned
-Rear Admiral Remey retired
-Colombia rejected canal treaty
knocked out Corbett
-Irish land bill passed
-Trouble in Turkey
-Dan Patch mile 139
-Gen Black head of G A R
-Sam Parks guilty New York
guilty Paris
-Reliance beat Shamrock 7m 3s
-Lord Salisbury died Loudon
-Lou Dillon mile 2m fiat
-Reliance beat Shamrock lm 19s
-Reported assassination Beirut
-US ships ordered tc Turkey
-Joseph Haworth died Ohio
consul at Beirut alive
-Caleb Powers guilty Kentucky
-Hamburg Belle won Futurity
SEPTEMBER
1 Revolution in Macedonia
3 Reliance won 3d race kept cup
4 U S warships at Beirut
7 Radium exhibited in United States
7 Bishop Clark of Rhode Island died
8 Turkish massacres Macedonia
11 Major Delmar mile 200
11 Eustis Me swept by fire
13 J S Adams Sr died Adams
14 Rear Admiral Cook retired J
15 Sir Thomas Lipton ill Chicago
17 Chamberlain resigned London
23 Prince Alert mile 157
28 Henry D Lloyd died Illinois
29 President refused to remove Miller
30 Sir Michael Herbert died abroad
30 Czar visited Vienna
OCTOBER
I JULY
S
5 Pope Leo seriously ill
6 Teachers convention Boston
7 Pope Leo operated on
7 U S squadron Portsmouth Eng
5 Balfour named new cabinet
6 W S Bissell died Buffalo
7 Shipyard trust disclosures
S Russia stayed in Manchuria
S Chinese American trade treaty
Even the first trial which resulted in
no race so clearly demonstrated the
superiority of the Reliance that inter
est began to wane at once The Re
liance won three straight races but
before the last race the public in gen
eral lost all interest in the contest
Sir Thomas it is said believes the
effort to be hopeless for many years to
come
On Nov 3 elections were held in
thirteen states seven of whicn chose
governors The following governors
were re elected A B Cummings
rep of Iowa J C W Beckham
dem of Kentucky John L Bates
rep of Massachuetts and L F C
Garvin dem of Rhode Island Edwin
Warfleld dem was chosen governor
of Maryland J K Vardman rep
of Mississippi and Myron T Herrick
rep was elected governor of Ohio
by a plurality of over 100000 over Tom
L Johnson The other elections of
national interest resulted in the return
of Tammany to power in Greater New
York George B McClellan dem
received a plurality of 60000 over for
mer fusion Mayor Seth Low The en
tire Tammnay ticket was elected and
that organization also secures a ma
jority of the board of aldermen
Republic of Panama
As in several other instances in 1903
momentous events conspired to occur
on the same day so on Nov 3 the
province of Panama declared her in
dependence of Colombia The follow
ing day a provisional government was
established and Colombian officials
and troops were sent to Cartagena
On the 6th the United States recog
nized the new republic and on the
10th France followed our example M
Bunau Varilla was hurried to Wash
ington as the minister of the new
country empowered to negotiate a
new Panama canal pact Soon after
General Reyes of Colombia entered
an earnest protest against the course
of the administration insisting that
Uncle Sam keep his hands off the
isthmus This after the practical
breach of faith and the vacillation of
the Colombians in regard to the canal
treaty was too tardy and Uncle Sams
navy is preparing to protect Panama
from threatened invasion Already an
American fleet is upon the Panama
coast and Colombia has reached a
point when she confesses a fear of
taking any drastic action A new canal
treaty has been signed and once again
the canal seems assured There may
however be some blood shed on the
isthmus before Colombia finally re
linquishes her claim to Panama
Russia and Japan
For the last few months the ever
lasting refrain has been of war clouds
hovering over the far east A dozen
times it has been reported that Japan
and Russia had reached a point where
war was inevitable The causes of
the breach are vague and indefinite
Briefly Russia is and always has been
10-
13
13-14-15-15-16-19-20-20-22-24-24-29-
Amherst beat Harvard football
Boston world baseball champion
-Archbishop Kane died Baltimore
-Francis A Hobart died Braintree
acquitted S Carolina
-Sherman statue unveiled Wash
Invaded New York
mile 15934
-Alaskan boundary fixed
Congress called to meet Nov 9
-Dan Patch mile 130
Durand British ambassador to U S
-Lou Dillon mile 158
-Emma Booth Tucker killed Mo
AUGUST f 1
l NOVEMBER
1 Fire in Vatican Rome
1 Prof Mommsen died Germany
1 1500000 fire Coney Island
2 Irish land act in operation
3 Tammany won New York city
3 Panama proclaimed independent
4 U S warships ordered to Panama
6 I S recognized Panama government
7 Wm L Elkins died Philadelphia
8 Kaiser underwent operation
9 A F of L convention Boston
9 Rioting capital of Colombia
9 Congress in extra session
10 Presidents message on Cuba 1
10 May Goelet married
10 Orrin Hickok died Cleveland
12 Street railway strike Chicago
13 A H Green murdered New York
14 Dartmouth beat Harvard football
14 Princeton beat Yale football
IS Canal treaty with Panama
IS A F of L against socialism
19 House passed Cuban bill
19 Italian king in London
23 Chicago street railway strike settled
25 Fitzslmmons whipped Gardiner
27 Boy bandits captured Chicago
28 Jules Levy died Chicago
30 Brooklyn Acad of Music burned
DECEMBER
1 Receivers for Zion City
1 Prof Bowne B U heresy charges
2 Panama ratified canal treaty
2 Dr Cyrus Edson died New York
4 W M Springer died Washington
7 Opening of 58th congress
7 Presidents message on Panama
7 Canal treaty sent to senate
8 Herbert Spencer died England
8 U S consul assaulted Turkey
8 Langford whipped Gans Boston
8 Langleys airship failed to fly
8 Zion City receivers removed
10 Rear Admiral Gherardi died Conn
12 J R Proctor died Washington
12 Walthour Monroe won C day race
14 Fleets in war paint far oast
14 Dr Hale chaplain U S senate
14 More marines landed Panama
16 Cuban reciprocity bill a law
19 Peru recognized Panama
19 La Centennial celebrated N Orleans
19 John Kernell died Detroit
19 Attempted assassination Max Nordau
30 Iroquois theater Chicago burned 3S4
dead
averse to relinquishing her hold on
Manchuria Instead she desires to ex
tend it as far as the European allies
will permit Japan looks upon Korea
in the same light and the interests of
the two countries conflict There is
no doubt that a rupture between the
two powers has been and is danger
ously near but it is also certalu
that overt hostilities should thty
come will belong to the history of
1904
It would be improper not to mention
the gigantic postoffice frauds un
earthed during the present year It is
not possible to so much as outline the
many cases brought to light and here
the curious reader is referred to the
complete report of Mr Bristow made
public Nov 30
Wireless Telegraphy
Late last year the sensation of the
hour was the Marconi wireless mes
sage across the Atlantic This year
nothing so spectacular has been- done
but the young inventor as well as
many other scientists is quietly work
ing upon the problems of wireless
telegraphy and it is certain some
progress has been made
In the realm of scientific discoveries
the mysterious metal radium afford
ed a mild sensation similar to that
which greeted the discovery of liquid
air and the X rays in former years
This mysterious substance discov
ered by M and Mme Currie of Paris
emits rays of light that penetrate
opaque substances and heat that
month after month shows no diminu
tion Onty small quantities of the
substance have been secured too little
for general experiment but during the
f
Tr 7
----- - tjgjgtjifBJsgmmmma9mKmmimamnmtmmmmmmmmg
m i i in i in
I NOTABLE
W I Ml I I II Wl IMWWMIBM P WW III lllll B W 1
The year 1903 will be known as the
record year of prosperity in the Unit
ed States
Some few crops have not yielded so
largely as they did in former years
but the prices received wore so much
higher that the shortage was more
than made up for
Cotton reached the highest figure at
which it has been sold since the war
Beef and leather have been unprece
dentedly high Petroleum and its
products advanced In price 25 per
cent
Iron and steel were sold at high
prices and the demand was so great
that orders could not be filled within
a reasonable time arid seaport cities
made large purchases abroad because
deliveries were so much delayed
The production of precious metals
will probably turn out to be nearly 7
per cent greater than last year
The rice crop of Texas a now indus
try practically was remarkably large
and sold for high figures
Tremendous discoveries of petrole
um on the Pacific coast enabled- that
part of the country to substitute six
million dollars worth of oil for coal
which was previously imported either
from Great Britain or Australia
The total destruction of the fruit
crop in Great Britain and in southern
Europe made an unexpected market
for American green fruits More than
7u per cent of all tho fruits sold in the
LondQn markets to day is American
The average increase in the cost of
foodstuffs to the consumer in the
United States was 16 per cent
In many cases the labor unions by
force of organization though fre
quently not until a long and serious
strike had been engaged in were able
to iucrease the pay of their members
thus greatly enhancing the purchas
ing power of the plain people which
is the basis of all prosperity in the
United States
In nearly all of the large cities
throughout the country the population
has increased and the price of real
estate has done more than keep pace
with the general march of prosperity
Under the circumstances the coun
try has every right to look forward to
a continuance of prosperity
Our granaries are groaning with the
products of an aoundant harvest Our
savings banks overflow witn the rc
Borvcs of the people Our scale of ex
penditure is the highest the world has
ever known
Tne stock market that unfailing
EVENTS OF THE YEAR
1903
coming year some startling results
may bo shown
The Honored Dead
No review of 1903 even done in
such sketchy outline as has been nec
essary is completo without a men
tion of the famous men and women
who have passed from the busy
scenes of life Space here allows for
only a list of the most celebrated
Jan 5 Sagasta ox premier of Spain
Jan 15 Cardinal Parrochi
Jan 18 Abram S Hewitt New
York
Jan 20 Julian Ralph author
Feb 26 R J Gatling inventor of
the famous gun
March 22 Dean Farrar British di
vine
March 27 N K Fairbanks capital
ist
March 29 G F Swift capitalist
April 10 W H Milburn the Blind
Chaplain of the United States senate
April 11 Brigham Young of tho
Mormon church
April 29 Paul du Chaillu explorer
April 29 Stuart Robson actor -
May 12 R H Stoddart poet
May 16 Sibyl Sanderson singer
May 24 Paul Elouet Max
ORell author
June 11 The Servian assassination
June 19 Cardinal Vaughn the Ro
man Catholic primate of England
July 15 Mrs J G Blaine
July 16 P M Arthur labor leader
Julv 17 Jas II McN Whistler
artist
July 20 Pope Leo XIII
July 22 General Cassius M Clay
Aug 22 Lord Salisbury ex premier
of England 1
Sept 30 Sir Michael Kenry Her
bert British ambassador to the United
States
Oct 13 Archbishop J J Kain of St
Louis
Oct 28 Mrs Emma Booth Tucker
Salvation Army killed in railway
wreck
Nov 1 Thcodor Mommsen German
historian
Nov 7 Wm L Elkins capitalist
Nov 13 Andrew H Green Father
oi Greater New York killed by an In
sane negro
Dec 8 Herbert Spencer English
philosopher and author
Of Course He Might
Collector Sir may I present you
his little bill
Owen Slay you may you Ah
raj dear sir never ask ray permission
again It is entirely superfluous I as
sure you Why my dear man If you
had ever seen any one else present a
bil to me and seen how little it af
fected me you would never have hesi
tated for a moment See I file it
away with some of the most valuable
papers I possess And would you
please do me this slight favor would
you please tell your boss that I re
ceived you with the utmost courtesy
and that I beg him to send one of
those every month And stay a mo
ment Please tell him I said always
to send you and that no other col
lector Avill please me half so well
Your courtesy my dear sir has won
my heart and I assure you that of
the nineteen collectors that have
been here to day you are the only one
that has gone away in a good humor
Why those fellows are so aggravat
ing that if they dont quit acting s
rudely I shall positively pay them to
get rid of them Good day Balti
more American
Curse That Was Fulfilled
A famous Gaelic curse put upon the
family of Dalrymple at the time of
the massacre of Glencoe in the 18th
century is recalled by the death of
the Earl of Stair head of the Dal
rymple family The first earl of the
line took pare in the massace and
Jean MacDonald the sole survivor of
a large family that perished through
the earls cruelty delivered a bitter
curse upon him wishing that no suc
ceeding earl should have children A
startling comment on this malediction
is that thf second third fourth sixth
seventh and eighth earls of Stair all
died without issue a circumstance
probably unique in the annals of the
neerage The family of the first earl
became entirely extinct in 1840 and
the succession passed to the descend
ants of his next brother Sir James
Dalrymple from whom came the peer
just deceased Evidently the cursa
did not pass with the title for the
two earls of the present family had
sons
Signaling Under Water
There has recently been put in op
eration at Boston a system of signal
ing beneath the waves to vessels ap
proaching dangerous shores during
foggy weather The apparatus con
sists of two receivers located on
either aide of the ship below the water
line and connected by wires to thy
wheel house where a telephone box
is placed The signals from shore are
given by striking a submerged ball at
regular intervals When the observer
wishes to ascertain his location he
takes the ear piece and by moving
the switch either to the right or left
soon ascertains upon which side the
sound is the loudest and upon that
side the bell will be found The value
of a system of this nature is at once
apparent when it is borne in mind
that fogs frequently obscure the most
powerful light3 and that certain at
mospheric conditions during stormy
weather render fog horns almost if
not quite valueless
or
r
J
y
V
2
