"W.AJR.
*
SCAM : OF
M' 100 150 * 00 iM 800 SO 400 I
3Uua , McN llj A Co.nu-i'i Chicago.
C4"
The above map , although not orabracf ng the Oiispian sea and showing the trend of Russian
conquent In Turkestanwitl glvo n. goncraltv accurate Idea of the opposing interests in Central Asia.
Russia lias extended her power over the Central Asian khanates ntcadiiy and surely durinir the
past twenty years. The acquisition of Merv two years auo gave her command over the roads to
Herat and In the valleys of the Murghab , the Kushk and the IIcri-Rud rivera. She is advancing to
Hlobat pas , where Gen. Lumsden , the British boundary commissioner , has concentrated his troops ,
eighty mites from Herat. This pass is 000 feet high. Here , in ca--c of war , the struggle will com
mence. From Herat to Cabul , the Afghan capital , is about -150 milw. The tract of country in dis
pute lies mainly between the Heri-Rud , or River of Herat , and tbo llurghab , or River of Mcrv. Tins
is called the Badghis district. The Russians occupy the Znltiknr pass on the east side of the Hcri-
Und , and also Ak-Robat , 120 miles Irom Herat , and also I'cndjeh , 100 miles from that city. The
British at Quettah , beyond the Bolan pass In Southern Afghanistan , are 514 miles from Herat. Tie
railroad connecting with the Indus Valley railway , by which troops may.be sent to Qucttah.throush
the Bolan , is under construction to Candahar. It takes an Eimli.sh force h'fty days to go from
England to Candahar. Russia's railway facilities place her iitty-six days from the same point.
Russia can place a force beloro Herat In onlv thirty-two days from Odessa , on the Black sea , nnd it
would take England fifty-one days to reach Herat Irom Kiirrachee.the seaport where the Indus Valley
railway begins. The advantage , of course , in time i with the Russians. The Indian railways , how
ever , extend to Rawul-Pindee , east of the Khyber pass , through which troops may be marched to
Cabul , and by the caravan road from Cabul to Herat in six or seven weeks. The anxiety of the
Indian military authorities to have an advance ordered is easily explicable. The Russians are on
the inside track in the race to Herat.
i FAX.I. OF J.
In Which Five. JIitrtdreQ Men antl Women
Were at Warli FrlgMful List of Fatalities.
A.fearful catastrophe occurred In Brooklyn
on Tuesday. Two houses , 53 and 57 Atlantic
street , fell with a crash. The Abbott build
ings , on State street , which are let out for
manufacturing purposes , together with the
building In the rear , were destroyed. The
rear building was undergoing repairs and'was
on props. The under girders gave way , whea
.the entire structure collapsed , burying the
workmen beucath the ruins. Fire was then
communicated with the front of the buildings
and , despite the efforts of the firemen , were
destroyed.
People , on looking up the street , saw that
the roof of the building and portions of the
walls had fallen in. They could hear screams
of people injured and it seemed but a moment
when a volume of smoke rolled up , showing
that the building had taken fire. Hundreds of
people , men , women and girls , were at work
at the various branches of business carried on
In the buildintr , which covers considerable
ground , having wines which extend through
Atlantic avenue to State street. A soon as the
accident had happened those cinploj-ed in the
buildiug endeavored to make their escape , and
some who were last to reach the street ap
peared with faces begrimed and streaming
with blood from wounus received from falling
timbers. It was reported at first that one
hundred girls employed on the top floor in
Haynes' bolting works had been killed by the
falling roof , but it Is now known that most
of them made their escape by climbing on thereof
roof of tenement houses adjoining. The
building was occupied by twenty small manu
factories , and there were about 500 men and
women employed therein. The building was
five stories high and was erected twenty-seven
years aeo. The wood-work burned like tin-
Ser. "When the firemen arrived they found
many young women at the windows screaming
for help , their retreat being cut off. The fire
men quickly ran up ladders , but the girls were
hemmed in and many fell back into the flames
before help could reach them. It was ascer
tained that the engineer of the factory , D. J.
Lowry , was one of the victims , and was killed
by the falling of the left wall on the middle
wing , on Atlantic avenue. The cause of the
fire was the overturning of the boilers of a
soap factory on the second floor. The west
wall of the middle wing on Atlantic avenue
had settled and workmen were securing it up
with jacks. The middle jack had been
screwed up too tight and was lowered , caus
ing the whole weight to come upon two jacks
at the ends , and the building feu with a crash ,
thus upsetting the soap boilers and causing
the building to catch fire from the fuel beneath
them.
Milo Hinc , who occupied the top floor for
the manufacture of buttons , says : "At 9
o'clock I was in my room directing the work
of my employes , of whom there were forty ,
mostly women. The first we heard of the ac
cident was when we heard a crash and this
was followed by part of the flooring giving
way. In one of the corners of my room there
was a ladder leading to the roof and all the
employes made a rush for It. There was a
panic among the women for a time and two or
three of them fainted , but the foreman soon
succeeded in restoring order and then , in single -
-gle file , thev climbed the ladder and gained
'the roof. The ? ladies marched out in good or
der and gained the roof of the adjoining buildIng -
Ing , which was not injured , and reached the
street by descending the fire-escapes. "
The insurance on the property destroyed ia
-about $300,000 , while the damage will aggre
gate at least ? 350COD. At 3:80 p. m. fifty em
ployes of the board of city works arrived on
the scene and were Immediately set to work by
Commissioner Poillon searching for the miss-
Ing.
Ing.The following is a list of the killed , injured
and missing : An unknown man , charred be
yond recognition , supposed to be Daniel J.
Lowrey , engineer in the button factory. Un
known mau , horribly burned and no possibil
ity of identification. Trunk of person , not
known whether male or female ; the fire had
burned away all the outer coatings , leaving
the vital organs exposed , while the limbs were
gone and only the trunk and fleshless skeleton
remained. .Missing Conrad Brealing , Jr. ,
.agedK ) , of Dutchkill , L. I. ; Edward Butler ,
aged 23 , of No. 51 Atlantic avenue ; William
Clark , agid 40 , residence unknown ; Henry
Durse , aged 56 , of 31 Marion street , N. Y. ;
Fritz Esrg'T , aged 21 , residence unknown ;
Henry Haffner , aged 40 , of 195 Graham ave
nue ; Jolmson , residence unknown ; Dave
Lowrey , aged 50 , of 55 Atlantic avenue ;
Adulph Mattis. aged 20 , of No. 3T3 Hicks
street ; John McGeath , aged 18 , of No. 214
Bond street ; Benjamin Moore , aged 30 , of 753
Madison street ; Gus , boy in tin shop , resl-
- dence unknown ; Pfaff , Jr. , residence un
known ; J. Peters , residence unknown ; Ma
mie Feeley , of No" 139 Bergen street ; Kos-e
Ffinton , of Warren street , near Hoyt ; Annie
Higgins , residence unknown : Mary McGrath ,
-residence unknown ; A-jgie Downs , residence
unknown : Mamie Riley , residence unknown ;
Katie McKeon , residence unknown ; Thomas
Dorner , aged 14 , No. 281 Navv street : Gus-
tave Lung , aged 20 , No. 285 Pacific street ;
Win Lepge , aged 43 , residence unknown ; Jas.
Carpenter , agid No. 214 , Graham street. In
jured Patrick Doughertv , of hook and ladder
. struck No. 1 , was burned about the face and
bead and received a bad cut on the head ;
. James Fay , fireman of engine company No. 5 ,
. is probably fatally hart ; Elma Haas , slightly
Injured about the head : Mrs. Henrietta , aged
( JS , received severe contusions and one of her
arms was fractured ; Patrick Hynes , fireman ,
received two scalp wounds ; James Lynch , dri
ver of a'fumiture wagon , leg bVoken ; Henry
Maurer , several slight scalp injuries ; James
Murrav , foreman No. 4 engine , foot crushed ;
Michael Ragan , fireman , contusion of the
scalp ; Charles D. lluddy , fireman , burned ,
bruised face , arms and bodv ; Bernard Storp ,
fireman , scalpwound ; Jno. Burns , hioinjured.
There were several others who sustained slight
injuries , flesh rounds , bruised faces and
limbs , but not sufficiently disabled to require
medical attendance.
LATER. The work of digamcr for the bodies
in the ruius has gone brisidy forward. Fire
men who wcrked amontr the debris in the in
terior of the building said they could smell the
sickening odor ? of burning human flesh. The
ruins were surrounded by thousands of people ,
some merely curious , oth rs taking a sad in
terest in watching the laborers , the firemen.
Ten tenement Louses , which had burned out ,
are still unoccupied , and are in charge of
policemen , the occupants being obliged to
shelter themselves as best they can for the
pros -ut. The lamentations of friends of the
victims , as the dead bodies were removed from
the ruins were pitiful.
A bed-quilt was.t brown over the bodies and
many persons called to see if they could re
cognize the indistinguishable mass. All failed
and all statements were simply guess s. A
leg ou one of the bodies was burned to the
knees and the arms to the elbows. Other
bo 'ies were merely a mass of black cinders.
The bodies were all those of men. When the
father of the missing boy , John McGrath ,
went to the police station he fainted twice ,
and w'sen he was able gave vent to the most
piteous moans. "Oh , sergeant , " he cried ,
"do tell me my poor bov , mv only support , is
not dead ! Oh , bring him back tome ! " The
old man was getting delirious and had to ba
removed. His son perished beyond a doubt.
THE IXDIAXS J.V HOSTILE ARRAY.
Col. Fcltcr Gives Tlicin lialtlc and lliinlts Ho
Killed at Least Fifty.
A courier from Saskatchewan Landing via
Swift Current arrived from Battlcford with
the following dispatch , dated May o : "Ally
ing column of 300 men from Uattfeford had an
engagement with Poundmaker's forces of COO
Indians at his reserve , lasting from 5 a. m
until noon. The troops lost eight killed and
twelve wounded. The Indian loss is estima
ted at fitly. Colonel Feller covered seventy
miles , fought the battle and returned inside
ot thirty-lour hours. The men behaved mag-
nincently. The list of killed is : Corporals
Laurie and Slight and Bugler Burke , of the
northwest pol ce ; Privates Osgood and Rog
ers , of the guards , and Dobbs , of company C ,
and B > jrler Faulk rs. of company C.
The wounded are sergeant Ward , of the po
lice ; Lieutenant Pettier , Sergeant Gairncy ,
( "orporal Morton and Gunner Reynold , of B
battery : torueant-Mujor Jackson , ot" C com
pany ; Color-Sergeant Witter and PrltiiteMc-
Quilkcn , of the guards ; Sergeant Coopt-r and
Privates Gary and WVttF , of the Queen's Own ,
and Private Gilbert , of Battleford.
A Winnipeg special says : ( ommunlcation
with points north of Humbnldti- inter
rupted. Dispatches from Middleton have to
bo brought by carrier to Humooldt. There is
for several clav- . Lute
nothing rew _ - dispatch
es from this source state the steamer North-
cote has been extricated and has reached
Clark's Crossing. The message says further
thQt Middjetou UQW havinjj i > len.ty ot .ainmu-
nitioic ana supp io. . an advuncu Is likely < o Oo
mndu at onco. It is expected the rebels will
olfer battle at Batouche. Midd et'in has two
Gntling guns , with which he o cpeets to do
some deadly work.
A CALM BEFORE TILE STORHL
Hie Anglo-Russian Situation One of Uncer
tainty An Abnormal Condition of Affairs.
London dispatch says : At this writing the
Anglo-Russian situation Is one of uncertain y.
There ! s absolutely no war news , no peace
news and no news of truce. No one that is ,
no one outside of the ministry circles is war
ranted in drawlno- any conclusion from this
abnormal condition of affairs. It should bf
borne in mind that up to this moment Russia
has given the Sex On reader not an item of
news. Russia has acted , has advanced , has
waged ba'tle , has taken territory , but has said
nothing. England has done all th i t
has v.ir.de all the explanutions. Hence tlie
czar has had no retractions to make , but Mr.
Glaosiiino's necessity lor making excuses has
been FO supreme that in his efforts to talk
against the blows last Monday he succeeded ,
without saying anv thing , in making the
greatest speech of his life , and for making it
gor a completely silenced opposition , unlim
ited credit , and $5i.000UGO cash. For forty-
eight hours alter the pr m- minis er's ninr-
vf lous oration evry jingo in Knglan i was a
Gladstone man , and everv quaker prayed lor
him as a man of peace. The war paity were
pure he meant to wipe Russia > ut ot A-ia.
Thf peace foiks paid : "There 1s n ( statesman
who realizes the value of human 1 fe. " Af or
fivp days it Is fout-d that th < prom er's ad-
drc s is still an o ncle. If it is to bo a pence
speech he urged every rionor b e effort > o se
cure an honoiable peace If it is to bo n wur
speech he dwelt upon the "ocesi y of main
taining the Ur-tl-h honor So it hnnpons at
this time- that here , n e very center of the old
world nfws , no more can with a iy decree of
certainty be > ald than that the \ngl' -Ku-sl m
Eit' < atiun is uncerta n. It is probable the Mt-
uation will remain RS 1' is unUi after the second
end council at Gatachino.
A $700,000 CONFLAGRATION.
2he Garden City Stilt Ahead on lily Fires
Nearly a Million Oiillam Worth of Lumber
Destroyed.
In Chicago shortly after noon on the 8th a
spark from a passing locomotive engine act a
ire In the heart of the great pine lumber dis
trict , which lies along both sides of the south
branch of the Chicago river and near the
southwestern city limlbi. Bordering upon this
district are a wooden built portion of the city
known as Bridgeport and the Union stock
yards , with Its acres of wooden sheds and pens
filled with cattle , hogs and sheep. A fierce
wind was blowing from the west and the
flames spread wltb great rapidity. Th'e entire
fire department was called out and began
flghtlne the llames , but the twenty or thirty
streams of water which were thrown upon
them bad little or no effect as far as staying
their progress was concerned. The dry pine
boards and shinties were piled to a great
height , onlv narrow lanes between being left
for wagons'to pass through. The narrow In
ters tk-esbetween the boards furnislied unusual
facilities for the progress of the flames
while they broke the force of the streams ol
water and prevented it from penetrating tilt-
blazing pine in the centre of the pile. Tfi"
news of the fire spread rapidly to the business
centre of the city , and created much alarm lest
the firs should assume proportions approach
inir those of the great conflagration in 1871 ,
which came from the same direction. Great
brands were carried forward by the wind , set
ting fire to new piles , and ssveral fire steam-
erf , and the men manning them , had narrow
escapes from destruction. Starting upon the
west side of the river the flames ate up all Die
lumber between Thirty-fifth and Thirty-eighth
streets , an area of about 400 by 2,000 feet. It
set fire to a canal-boat moored at the dock and
it floated across the river , which Is 180 feet
wide at this point , and set fire to lumber on
the cast bank , which covered an equal area ,
and this with two or three planimr mills was
consumed. Brands were carried eastward and
set fire to several small frame houses oc
cupied bv employes in the lumber district.
The fire department , however , made a stand : it
this point and succeeded in preventive the
spread of the flames in the residence district.
The fislit coutinut'l all the afternoon , and it
was nearly 7 o'clock before the fire was
brought under control , having practically
burned itself out to the limits pt the distrlel
in which it began. A heavy rain during nifh.1
of the afternoon was of material assistance.
The entire area burned over is 870 by 2.8UJ
feet. The ngaregate of the lumber destroyed
was 45,000,000 feet , valued at § 700 000.
The individual losses and insurance are as
follows : Chicago lumber company , 8OCO OOC
feet of lumber , valued at S-IOO.OOO , insurance
§ 300,000 : Bigclow Bros. . 10,000,000 feet ol
lumber , valued at $175,000. insurance $125-
000 ; Hastings & Co. . 500,000 feet of lumber ,
valued at 83,000 , insurance SCO.OOO ; J. W.
llinklcy , planing mill , loss S26OCO , insurance
512,000 ; five cottages , aggregate loss § 10,030 ,
insurance about § 5,000.
Five Giants' Skeletons Unearthed.
One of the most important discoveries of
the many made in the prolific field of Indian
moucds near Homer , Ohio , was made near
there a few days ago. Beneath a small
mound and five foot below the normal sur
face five gigantic skeletons , with their foot to
the east , were found In a grave with a stone
floor. Remnants of burned bones and wood
chare oal are plentiful , together with numer
ous stone vessels and weapons. The skele
tons arc of enormous size , the hcid of one being
ing- the size of a wooden bucket. The most
striking ; irtides besides the skeletons were a
finely-finished stone pipe , the bowl being
largo and polished and engraved with consid
erable care in a simple way the figures are
birds and beasts ; a knife shaped like a sickle
reversed and having \\ooden handle held by
leather thongs , and a keltlo holding perhaps
six quarts. Those who know say this find is
one of the oldest in America and perhaps the
most valuable.
JTcporte Regarding Crops.
The May report of the department of agri
culture relates to the progress of spring
plowing and of cotton planting , and to the
condition of winter grain , meadows and pas-
ures. It also reports the prevailing wages of
farm labor. Spring plowing is everywnere
ate. Lnst year nt this date it wis estimated
o be two-thirds done ; this year it is scarcely
six-tenths completed. The injury to the win-
er wheat ci op is greater than appearances
ndietued on the 1st of April. The roots were
olfed in the central belt worse than at first
up posed.
The average condition in the principal
wheat growing states is as follows : New
York 95 , Michigan 100 , Ohio 59 , Kentucky ,
Indiana 10. Illinois 42 , Missouri ( X ) , Kansas ( iJ
general average P8. instead of 77 in April , a
reduction of U per cent , reducing the indicat
ed production of winter wheat to about iMO-
000,1)00. )
The condition of rye is also lower than ro-
jorted in April , yet much better than wheat ,
.he averaee being 86.
'ihe average condition of winter barley is
< o *
Mowing lands promise neatly the average
crop of hav , the average condition being 92.
The pastures look nearly as well , condition 90.
The Eiilly Lager Ucer.
At Washington , Iowa , J. H. McLnughlln ,
justice of the pence , hold , in the case of the
seizure of 800 kegs of beer at Jugenhelmer's
brewery , that the beer was made , used and
id contrary to 1 w , and condemned it , and
instructed the sheriff to destroy it and the
vessels iu which It was stored. He and six as
sociates began the work at 7 o'clock at nk'ht ,
and by midnight had empt ed fully SCO kegs
and sma bed the kegs , po ies , tierces , va g ,
ic. , valued at00. . The beer was worth as
much mort- . The brewer made no resistance.
: -'ome of the spectators dipped up the spilled
beer in hats and drank it , and the ofh'cers had
hard work to prevent a g neral carousal A
good deal of whisky has also been gobbled up
tit the same town and consigned to the hun
gry and thirsty crowd.
THE "MARKETS.
OMAHA.
WHEAT No. 2 70U © 70H
BAIILEY No.3 52 @ 53
ttvu No. 2 57 GsJ C8
Cons No. 2 inixea 33 @ 3 *
OATS No. 2 27 © 24 !
QOT EII Fancy creamery 2-5 @ 25
BUTTER Choice dairy 35 ( s > 17
BUTTEII Best couniry 11 & 10
CHEESE Young America 14 © H'A
EGGS Fresh ID ® lo
ONIONS Perbbl 350 ( jo 375
JHICKE-S Perdoz. . alive. . . . 350 © 375
CHICKENS Drcsee'd , perlb. . . . 10 & 11
APPLES Barrels < 550 © 3 75
LEMONS Choice 4 00 @ 45J
iiANANAS i hoice 275 @ 3 .X )
OnNons Mcsma 3 .i3 © 350
POTATOES Per bushel KO © 75
JEEDSimothy 21(1 ( © 2 20
SEED ? Blue G i ass 135 © 140
HAV Haled , per ton C50 © 700
HAY In bulk COO © 700
NEW YORK.
WHEAT No. 2 red 10 S © 102 ' , $
WHEAT Ungraded red 6 © 87
CORN No.2 57 © 57' . )
OATS Mixed western 41 © -53
Ponic 1200 © 125.
LARD 7 05 © 7 1,4
CHICAGO.
FLOUK Choice Winter * 75 © E-rO
FLOUK Spring extra 75 © 4&J
WHEAT Per bushel .WCcS w
COHN Per bushel 47S © 4'J
OATS Per bushel 344 ! © 85
POIIK 11 Ifiu © 11 17
LARD C f0 © C 85
HOGS Packing and shipping. 4 3J © 445
CATTLE Stackers 3 90 © 4 tin
bUEEp Medium to gooil 300 © 400
ST. LOUIS.
WHEAT No. 2 red 1 02 t © 1 03
CORN rcr bushel 4i © 4 b
OATS Per bushel 37 0 S7
CATTin Exports 6(30 ( © 5
SHEEP Medinm to extra 285 © 4 0
HOQS Packers 4CO © * R >
KANSAS crrr.
WHEAT Per bushel 78iJ © 79
CORN Per buanel 40 @ ' 41
OATS Per bushel 31 © 3)1 )
CATTLE feedi ra 4 OT © 4 tO
lious ilediumstochoice 3 to & 4 OJ
tUEEP lairtoicood 225 (9 4 00
-a. - >
HOUSEHOLD HINTS.
Dissolve four ounces of Paris white
in one pint of water ; boil it , and when
cool add one ounce of ammonia. Tins
will make a good silver polish.
Sulphur maethes placed in ilowor
pots , the sulphur ends down , have
been found to destroy the worms
which are so fatal to house plants.
A solution oi six grains of chloride
of tin and six grains of sulphate of
copper dissolved in one quart of water
will be useful in plating small articles
with brass.
For a square hall or a dining room
in a country house a dado of colored
matting is very effective. It should be
surmounted by a shelf , on which may
be arrayed any ceramic treasures in
the way of plates , CUDS , vases and the
like.
like.To
To cause griddle cakes to brown
nicely , add a little molasses or coO'eo
to the batter ; and to bake them with
out that blinding smoke use a soapstone -
stone griddle , nnd sirnpiy rub it over
witli a damp cloth each time before
putting on cakes.
Polish salad is very easily made.
Cut in very small pieces any sort of
baked or roast meat ( veal , mutton or
beef , ) add soft-boiled eggs and linely-
uiinccd onion , lettuce or endive. Mix
all thoroughly with a dressing of oil ,
vinegar , mustard and pepper , and
serve.
A charming panel for a square
screen is made ot' plush of "old red"
color , with conventionalized poppies
in silk embroidery. The deep red and
the brilliant Hume color of the llow-
ers , and the cool green of the foliage ,
are very effective upon the soft back
ground.
A very good sugar cake may be
made by this recipe : One cupful of
sugar and a tablespoonful of butter ,
mixed together ; two cupfuls of Hour ,
two table spoonfuls of baking powder ,
one cupful of milk , a little salt and
one well-beaten egg. Flavor with
nutmeg or lemon , and bake in a loaf.
Try this iccipe for cooking cabbage :
Boil the cabbage gently until cooked ,
and drain it. Put two ounces of but
ter into a saucepan ; set it on a good
fire and , when melted , put in the "cab
bage with some salt and pepper. Add
half a pint ot cream or milk and one
teaspoonful of Hour , stirring constant
ly with a wooden spoon. Simmer un
til the sauce is reduced , and serve hot.
Don't put elaborate brass grates in
your rooms unless you intend to use
them. A showy brass grate unstained
by smoke or ashes suggests in all its
glittering newness a showroom and
not a home. A lire place not consecrated
crated to a lire , that has neither
warmth ior suggestion of warmth , is
a dreadful sham ; it is not artistic ; it
is not decorative ; it kills rather than
gives pleasure.
Cold meat may be used to advantage
in the following way : Rub half a pound
f into one-half of
> beef-drippi jg - pound
Hour , with a little salt. Moisten the
paste with the water and roll it out
half an inch thick. Mince any kind of
cold meal , season it and add a few
spoonsful of gravy. Spread the
minced meat on the paste and roll it
tip. Tie it up in a cloth buttered and
lloured and boil for an hour and a half.
To clean and freshen old mattingrub
it with a cloth wet in salt water , being
careful not to allow any drops of wa
ter todr3' in the matting , as they will
leave spots difficult to remove. Heavy
varnished furniture should never rest
directly upon the matting , for even
good varnish , becoming soft in warm
weather , will stain the straw. Mat
ting may be turned if the loose ends
of the cords are threaded in a large
needle and drawn through to the other
side.
side.Don't
Don't hang upon your walls huge
black engravings set in vast spaces of
white margin. Pictures of this sort
are very depressing. Instead of white
margins substitute a gray paper , and
if you must have black prints select
those that have a good deal of gray in
them pictures with tone and mellow
effects Etchings commonly have more
softness antl artistic effect than en
gravings. Don't hans : chromes on your
wall , or colored prints ; don't display
long lines of family photographs ; don't
hang mosses or colored leaves or dried
grasses about.
You can iron a table cloth so as to
have a good center piece to put your
Hewer pot or glass of cut llowers on.
Fold the cloth , whether square or ob
long , in four , so that the center shall
be in the doubled corner at your left
hand. Begin at this corner and turn
over about an inch , creasing it sharply
and pressing the iron firmly down on
it. Then move this fold forward
on the cloth and crease another half
inch , not doubling under the part al
ready ironed , but making a fresh
crease. So proceed until you have as
largo a center-square as you wish.
You can vary the distance given
to accommodate the thickness of your
cloth.
An excellent rice pudding is made by
this recipe : Wash four ounces of rice
in cold water and set it on the lire with
a pint of milk and the rind of half a
lemon. When nearly done , if the milk
be absorbed by the rice , add a little
more , so that the rice may be nearly
covered with it. When done , remove
it from the lire and mix with it two
tablespo 'nfuls of sugar , two ounces
of butter , two tablespconfuls of
milk , three yolks of ejrgs , a pinch of
salt , and. if liked a very little nutmeg.
Put back on the lire for a min
ute , stirring constantly. Butter a mold
well and dust it with sugar , and turn
the rice in it. Bane in a moderate
oven for half an hour. Serve with a
sauce.
A .Dakota lown.
"We've got a beautiful tu\vn , " said
a Dakota mau at the Palmer house.
"Eighteen months ago it was a bare
prairie. Now we have 2.000 popula
tion , forty stores , seventeen saioons
elegant , some of them an opera-
house , four variety shows , eight beer
gardens , thirteen hotels , two brewe
ries and a slock for another one all
sold , a dime museum , three gambling
houses , a distillery , a paid police force ,
and two steam firu engines. "
"How many churches and schools ? "
"Oh , yes ; and they're talking about
building a church and a school. C/u-
cage Herald. >
TIIE3IAIL SERVICE.
Interrst-lns : History of the Unltril States
Postal System Benjamin Fnuikllif 3
Stnrtlins ; Invention While Deputy
Postmaster ( icncrnl.
In the English colonies , which sub
sequently became the United States.a
postal system was projected as curly as
1G92 , but owing to thosparsencss of" the
population it was not organized , until
1710. By act of parliament of that
"
year the "post-chief Jotter ofiico in Now
York , and other chief oillccs at some
convenient plane or places in other of
her majesty s provinces or colonies in
America. " The revenue was for some
years very small. In 1753 Benjamin
Franklin was appointed deputy post
master general for the colonies , and
was guaranteed the sum of GOO per
annum for the salary of himself and
his assistant. He remodeled and ex
tended the operations of the ollico ,
and in a few years materially increas
ed the revenues. lie startled the people
ple of the colonies in 17u'0 by propos
ing to run a stage wagon to carry the
mail from Philadelphia to Boston , once
a week , starting from each city
on Monday morning and reaching
its destination by Saturday night.
In 1774 , while in England , he was
removed from ollicc.
In 1789 the constitution of the United
States conferred upon congress the ex
clusive control of postal matters for
all the states ; ami congress proceeded ,
immediately on the adoption of the
constitution , to organize the podtoffiee
department , and to pass the necessary
laws for the protection of the mails.
The rates of postage from the
organization of the'postofliee depart
ment until 181J ( were : For a single let
ter ( that is , one composed of a single
piece of paper ) , under 40 miles , 8
cents ; under 90 miles , 10 cents ; under
150 miles , 12A cents ; under . " 00 miles ,
17 cents ; under 500 miles , 20 cents ;
over 500 miles , 25 cents. In 1810 these
rates worn modified as follows : A
single letter carried not over thirty
miles , ( i\ cents ; over 30 miles and
under 80 miles , 10 cents ; over 80 miles
and under 150 miles , 12A cents ; over
150 and under 400 milea , 18 cents ;
400 miles 25 and additional
over , cenL-i , an
tional rate for every additional piece of
paper , and if the latter weighed an
ounce four time.s these rates. News
papers under 100 miles , or within the
state where published , 1 cent ; over 100
miles and out of the state , l.\ cents ;
magazines and pamphlets li cents a
sheet under 100 miles , if periodicals ;
over 100 miles , 2A cents a sheet , if not
periodicals , 4 and 6 cents.
In 1845 the following rates were
adopted : For a letter not exceeding
i ounce in weight , under 300 miles , 5
cents , over 300 miles , 10 cents ; and an
additional rate for every additional }
ounce or fraction of A ounce. Advertis
ed letters , o cents additional ; drop-let
ters , 2 cents ; circulars , unsealed , 2
cents , pamphlets , magazines , etc. ,
per ounce , 2i cents , and each ad
ditional ounce 1 cent. Newspapers ,
under 30 miles , free ; over 30 and un
der 100 , or any distance within the
state where published , 1 cent ; over
100 miles and out of the state , 1.1
cents. The next congress made the
postage on transient newspapers 3
cents , and required payment ; the
postage on circulars was raised to 3
cents ; newspaper postage to Oregon
and California was fixed at 4. ] cents ;
and letters to the Pacific territories
via Chagres and Panama , 10 cents. In
1849 the postage on transient news
papers was reduced to ordinary news
paper rates , but prepayment was still
required.
In 1851 a law was passed estab
lishing the following rates : For a
single letter ( i. e. , of i-ounce weight ) ,
under 3,000 miles , if prepaid , 3 cents ,
or if not prenaid , 5 cents ; over 3,000
miles , G or 12 cents ; to foreign coun
tries , not ever 2,500 miles , except
where postal arrangements have been
made , 10 cents ; over 2,500 miles , 20
cents ; drop letters , 1 cent ; ship let
ters , 2 cents , or if delivered where de-
positet. , 6 cents : if sent through the
mails the ordinary postage to be added.
Weekly newspapers to actual sub
scribers in the country where pub
lished , free ; under 50 miles and out of
the county , 5 cents a quarter ; over 50
and under 300 miles , 10 cents : over300
and under 1,000 miles , 15 cents ; over
1,000 and under 2,000 miles , 20 cents ;
over 2OUO and under 4,000 miles , 25
cents ; over 4.000 miles , 30 cents.
Mouthlv papers one-quarter and semi
monthly papers one-half these rates :
semi-weekly double , tri-weekly treble ,
and oftcner than Iri-\\eeklv , five times
these rates ; newspapers under 300
square inches , one-quarter these rates ;
if paid quarterly in advance a de
duction of one-half to be made from
these rates. Transient newspapers ,
circulars , and other printed matter , I
cent an ounce under 500 miles ; over
500 and under 1,500 , 2 cents ; over
1,500 and under 2,500 , 3 cents ; under
3,500 , 4 cents ; over 3,500 , o cents.
Books under 32 ounces , 1 cent an
ounce if prepaid ; if not 2 cents an
ounce. In 1852 the following modifi
cations were made : Letters sent over
3,000 miles , and not prepaid , 10 cents ;
newspapers , circulars , etc. , under 3
ounces , 1 cent ; every additional ounce
or fraction , 1 cunt ; small periodicals ,
published monthly or oftener , and
iKimphlcte of not more than 1C octave
r > ages , sent in single packages of not
less than Souncus , prepaid. A cent an
ounce , or if not prepaid , Iccnt. Books ,
jound or unbound , less than 4 pounds ,
under 3,000 miles , 1 cent an ounce ; j
over 3,000 , 2 cents an ounce ; 50 per
cent , added when not prepaid. By
the act of the same year postage-
stamps and envelopes were ordered.
By a law passed March 3 , 1855. and
taking effect July of the same year ,
the rates on single inland letters were !
reduced to 3 cents for all distances under - I
der 3,000 miles , and 10 cents for all 1
over that distance ; and ail inland letter - \
ter postage was to be prepaid. The
charge foiradvertising letters was re
duced to 1 cent.
*
In 1863 the rate of postage was made
uniform at 3 cents on all domestic let
ters not exceeding half an ounce , and
3 cents additional for every half ounce
or fraction thereof ; on drop letters not
exceeding half an ounce , 2 cents. The
quarterly postage and periodicals sent
to subscribers , and not exceeding four
ounces , was fixed as follows : Weekly ,
5 cents ; semi-weekly , 10 cents ; tri
weekly , 15 cents ; six times a week , 30
cents ; seven times ti week , 35 cents.
Periodicals issued less than weekly
and not exceeding four ounces wcro
charged at 1 cent each. The rate
for transient newspapers and period
icals was 2 cents for each four ounces
or fraction thereof. In 18G8 the law
was so amended as to allow weekly
newspapers to bo sent free to regular
subscribers living in the country.
In 1872 the postage on newspapers
and periodicals not exceeding4 ounces ,
sent to regular subsoribors , was lixed
at the following quarterly rates : On
those issued less frequently than once
a week , 1 cent for each issue ; weekly ,
o cents , and 5 cents additional for
each issue more frequent than once a
week. The postage was required to
be paid in advance , either at the mail
ing or delivery ollico. Those rates
wore repealed by an act of June , 1874 ,
which wont into force Jan. 1.1875 ,
The rate of postage on mail mailer of
the third class , merchandise , etc. , was
fixed by the law of 1872 at 1 per cent
for eveVy two ounces or fraction there
of. The law of Mrch 3 , 1875 , made
the rale 1 cent for every ounce or frac
tion thereof. Under these last-named
laws the letter postage was 3 cents for
each half-ounce or fraction thereof ; on
local and drop letters in free delivery
offices. 2 cents for every half-ounce or
fraction thereof , and 1 cent for every
half-ounce at offices not having free
delivery. On March 3 , 1883 , a law was
enacted by congress reducing the rate
of letlor poslago from 3 to 2 cents per
hnlf-ouneo , to take effect October of
the same year. On the 3d of March ,
1885 , the following changes were
matte : The weight of all single-rate
letters is increased from one-half an
ounce o..ch to one ounce. All news
papers setit from publication ollices or
news agencies , including sample cop
ies , are entitled to transmission at the
rale of 1 cent per pound. Any article
in a newspaper or other publication
may bo marked for observation , ex
cept by written or printed wordswith
out increase of postage. A special 10-
ccnt stamp is also lo be issued , which ,
when attached lo a letter in addition
lo liie lawful postage lliereon , will in
sure ils immediate delivery by special
messenger at anytime between 7 a.
in. and midnight. Milwaukee Eveuiny
Wisconsin.
Cost ot" College athletics.
College athletics co t more than is
generally supposed. Harvard and
Yale have the heaviest boating ex
penses , Columbia coming next. The
paper shells in which the races are
rowed cost from 8400 to $600. Train
ers and "coaches" must be hired and
eating-tables provided at which the
diet of Ihe crews may be closely
watched. The crews eat at training ta
bles from Easier up lo the race in
June , at a cost of about.SlUO per man.
Alter they have been coached and
trained for three montiis they are
sent to Now London , Conn. , where
the races are rowed on the Thames ,
Here they are kept at the respective
boat houses under the slrictest train
ing. They are coached daily from
the slcamlaunchcs which accompany
them. Yale owns a steam launch ,
and the cost is reduced to 512 daily
for coal and service. The olher col
leges hire launches , and Ihe cost is
increased. All the crows are uniform
ed at a cost of $15 to $20 pur man.
Yale presents its crow witli white tlan-
nol suits besides the regular uniform
at an expense of 8200. Harvard's ex
penses in this line is larger. The total
cost of the New London race for Har
vard , Yale , or Columbia is about 87-
000. The Havard ireshmon pay 82,500
yearly for the luxury of defeating the
Columbia freshmen. A class regatta
at Harvard or Yale costs about 8350
for each crew , not counting cost of
shell. Class shells cost$300 , oars 875.
Eacli class uses two shells in its course.
Barges for practice and return rowing
cost 8200.
Base-ball costs less than rowingand.
can count somewhat on gate receipts.
Williams and Amherst will pay 81,200
each for llioir respective nines this
vear ; Harvard , Yale , and Princeton
from 81,500 to 81,800. Yale employs
Jones , fomorly of the Athletics , lo
coach its nine ; Princeton and Brown
also have professional coaches. In
track athletics the principal cost is for
trainers and grounds. All the col
leges which compete in the intercolle
giate games at Mott Haven employ
professional athletes as trainers. These
men are paid from 8200 to 8400 for
Ihe season. Jn Ihe larger colleges
athletic grounds are provided by gifts
of the alumni , as in the case of
Holmes' field , at Harvard , and Yale's
new park , which , with its track and
grand-stand , cost about 875,000.
Foot-ball has lately become self-
supporting at most of the larger col
leges. Tennis at Harvard this year
will cost 84.GOC , at Yale 81,000. Kent-
ing courts and keeping them in order
is wlr.it makes the expense. A fresh
man class at Harvard pays 85,000 for
its crew of eleven , nine , lacrosse team
and tujr-of-war ; at Yale and Columbia
the corresponding expense is some
what less. Traveling expenses , hotel
bills ( only the best hotels ) , trophies
for the victors , , etc. , make a further
demand on the students' pocket-book.
Ail these expenses are defrayed by
voluntary subscriptions of students
and alumni. Cincinnati Times-Star.
A Faithful Secretary.
Sir Henry Taylor's "Autobiography"
is a very entertaining work , and con
tains many good sotries of well-known
characters. He tells an amusing anec
dote of how he once called at the foreign
ollice to see the present Lord Hammond I
mend , then the permatent under secre
tary , of whom it used to be said that
he never was absent from his post.
On this occation he was away , and
when the doorkeeper was questioned ,
he said : Mr Hammond has gone to
funeral and it's the only day's pleasur
ing ho has had for two years. " Sir
Henry thus distinguishes between the
wit of three bright spirits : "While the
wit of Rugers was the wit of satire ,
and that of Sydney Smith the wit of
comedy the wit of archbishop Whateley
might be described as the wit of logic. "
London Truth.
"Arizona now exports tannin , " says an ex
change. The schoolmaster is not abroad after
all , as was reported. at. piul Herald.
