ALONn.
The Ore flits on the \valh .
Aurl glitters on the pane ;
Lo ! Memory's wand recalls *
Ihohuppy pustuguln. * '
leitalouc.
A tender wclrdsome light
O'ercnste the fading green ,
Amid the leaves' aad llfgnt
And-Autumn's golden sheen.
I roam alone.
Alan ! the. vild winds sweep
O'er Winter's bosom white ,
Like moaus of. restless sleep ,
Or hollow sounds of night
I filch clone.
ir.
The hyacinth doth peep
And spring-time HI es bloom ,
O't-r dearest ones asleep
Within the dreamless tomb ;
I weep alone.
The distant church-bell Bounds
O'er fragrant mendowa broad
And silent sleepers'mounds ;
All pass to worship God.
I go alone.
Soft doth the music fteal
Out o'er the flow'ilugsod ,
No grJef tbess slcepein feel
I'orerer more. OGod ,
I am nlonel
T.Ji.P. Stewart i TJie Current.
A STITCH IN TIME.
. It started with the black and white
exhibition last year. I was going
through with my Uncle Mark , and we
stopped in front of a picture labelled
"Tho Ohemist , " and I asked Uncle
what ho thought of it. I had been
working down at the School of Mines
myself for the past month , but had
said nothing about it fo Uncle Mark.
"I hate the sight of all of tl T V
cried the old gentleman irascibly.
"Since my aunt eloped with a young
whippersnapper of an apothecary's
] clerkv thirty years ago , and brought
jdisgrace to our family , I feel my fing-
jers itch to destroy all their drugs and
'villainous compounds. I" heard you
'talking ' last summer about taking up
( something of the kind , Mark , and if
{ you had , you'd have been ten thousand -
and dollars poorer than you will be
lnow. I'd not have left you a cent , sir
' not a penny , sir. The Hepworths
'have ' always been gentlemen , and I
should be blanked sorry , sir , to see
'one of them become a syrup-mixer. "
"But , Uncle , there is a great deal of
difference between a chemist and a
'drngsto're clerk. Every great scien
tific man must understand chemistry ,
and even if "
"Don't you tell me , sir. I know 'em
all , sir. These chemists are all alike ,
sir ! "
"Well , " I replied , meekly giving in ,
"why didn't you say something to me
'about it at the time. " Then , fearful
'lest he might find me. out , I added : "I
might have gone o'n and become a
chemist for alfyou said about it then. "
"I don't want to influence you , Mark.
You can go and do what you please
for anything that I shall say. I have
no authority over you , and don't want
any. Only , I didn't intend to leave
my money to any apothecary , sir. "
j This was pleasant , to say the least !
I firmly resolved to leave the School of
Mines instanter. I had taken it up on
'the sly , intending to surprise my
'friends by the discovery of a new met
al or some such exploit. I always
Tvashed my hands in weak acid before
leaving the lab. , and changed my
'clothes ' and had hitherto gone on un-
detected. So I felt I was safe if I
stopped.
"By the way , Uncle , " I said , "I
'think I shall go into business. Can
you recommend me to any of your bus
iness acquaintances ? I should like to
commence as soon as possible. "
Uncle Mark looked very much pleas
ed.
ed."That's
"That's right , my boy ; that's right.
I'll see what I can do for you. Mean
while , I see pretty Miss McGregor
over there , and I would be cruel to
keep you away from her any longer ,
so , au revoir , Mark. Come and dine
with me this evening , " and the kind
old gentleman slipped off in a moment.
1 instantly shot into the next room
to Miss McGregor's side. She also
was standing there looking at "The
Chemist"
' "Well , Miss Flora , " I said , "what do
you thinkrof it ? "
She turned quickly and stretched out
her hand.
'Good , morning , Mr. Hepworth , "
she cried , smilingl
"You were not at all startled ? " I
said , holding her hand such a sweet
little hand , that it was pain to let it go
"And yet you did not hear me ccme
up ? "
"No , " she said , letting her handstill
lie in mine ; "but it seemed so natural to
have you standing there , " and then
she suddenly blushed and drew her
hand out of mv vigorous grasp.
"That is , " she added , "I mean that
that I "
She was growing rosily red , so Icame
to her rescue.
"You mean , Miss Flora , " Isaid , with
"
a faint attempt at jocoseness , "that 1
have inflicted myself on you so much
lately that you have come to look on
me as an inevitable , although tiresome
incubus. Well , I admit that I have
haunted your steps very much lately ,
and if it annoys you , you must send
me packing. I don't wonder that you
become awfully bored. "
"I did not "mean that , Mr. Hep-
worth , " she said hastily.
"Miss Flora , my name is not Mr.
Hepworth , " I interrupted.
She looked at me a little aston
ished.
"Your name is not Mr. Hepworth ? "
"No. That is , not to you. My name
is Mark , Miss Flora if yon please. "
"But I don't please"she said , with
a pleasant litttle laugh. "That is
not yet. Why , I have only known you
for a half-year ! But , to change "the
subject , are you going to Mrs. De
Morris Brown's next Thursday night ? "
"I haven't been asked that I know
of , " said I , sadly. "I don't know Mrs.
Brown. "
"But vour uncle could get you
an invitation if you wish one. I am
"Miss Flora , ! shall be there if I have
to ask Mrs. Brown myself for a card.
But I see your mother looking anx
iously for you. Shall I take you to her ?
Till Tuesday night , then , au revoir. '
"Good bye , " she said , and then , as
she saw her mother's back turned
"Mark. "
"I shall thank yon for that Tuesda ;
night , " I said laughing.
After the McGregors had driven elI
I started to go down to Uncle Mark's
hut concluded to take a farewell visi
to the laboratory. I had become quiti
attached to the place , and felt quite :
pang at the idea of givin/j / up nr
"magoo-mixing. " I decided to mak
one more analysis , and then give il uj
forever.
That evening at dinner Uncle Marl
said :
"I spoke to Mr. Share about you
Mark. You know the firm , best brok
crage business in the city ; Share
Ticker & Co. I told him you woulc
'
see him at Mrs. De Morris 'Brown's 01
Tuesday night , and could speak fo
yourself. "
"Unluckily , Uncle , I haven't beei
invited to Mrs. Do Morris Brown's. "
- 'Toil haven't ? Well , I'll sot yet
"
a card. Mrs. Brown will let me h"av <
one. "
On Tuesday I finished my analysis
but I had to work .till pretty late. .
hurried to my room and eofnmencec
to dress. I looked at my reflection ii
the glass and started. I had forgottei
to wash my hands in acid before l av
ing the laboratory and they were col
orcd like a rainbow. I was rathei
frightened , but I hadn't time to gc
back to the laboratory , and as to stay
ing away from Mrs. De Morris Brown's
when Flora and Old Share were to be
there impossible. I looked at mj
hands. The stains were pretty bad
( my forefinger looked like a well-used ,
unscraped palette ) , but they did nol
extend above my wrist. My gloves
would hide them. I looked at the
clock. I was late already , so I hurried
on the rest o things and started to
pull on my gloves. As I jerked them
on 1 heard a suspicious crack. I ex
amined the tear , but flattered myself it
wouldn't show , and hurried into the
cab , and was soon in the gentleman's
cloak-room at Mrs. Brown's.
I found Uncle Mark waiting for me.
"Ah , Mark , " ho growled , " 1 thought
you were never coming. Fifteen min
utes late ! You'll never get on with
Mr. Share unless you're punctual.
Punctuality and neatness are his two
great hobbies , and if you run against
either you can make up your mind to
stay on his black-bood forever. Come
down and I'll present you tp Mrs.
Brown. "
After the presentation , Uncle Mark
looked around the room.
"I don't see Share , " he said , "but
there is Miss McGregor , and " vou can
talk to her until I find him. "
I went over to Flora. She was talk
ing to Lieutenant Evans , a confounded
idiot who was always , hanging about
her , and hadn't sense enough to see
that she disliked him.
"Well , Miss Flora , I obtained the
card , as you see. Good evening , Lieu
tenant ; have you seen General Sher
man ? "
"No. Is he here to-night ? " said
Evans , starting up.
"I think'l saw him in the ball-room , "
said I , and when Evans went in that
direction I said : "Now , Miss Flora ,
let us gain the conservatory before he
comes back , " and I hurried her toward
the door through which the dark green
palms beckoned so enticingly. I went
too fast , however , for-I struck my foot
against a vine or something and I
went down on the walk. I puc out
aiy hand to break my fall , and did ,
somewhat , but that confounded rip in
my glove extended now down the side
of'my right hand to my thumb.
Flora stood there laughing vigor
ously.
" 1 can't help it , " she apologized.
"Just when you were gloating over
four wickpd deception of Lieutenant
Evans , to have retribution overtake
you so well. It is so ridiculous that I
have to laugh. "
I arose , a little sulky , and rather
flurried by the accident to my glove ,
and tried to join in the laugh , but I
didn't succeed very well. That was
Flora's great fault. She laughed al
together too easily. However. I
changed the subject , and we walked
along , talking about the black and
white exhibition and the various pict
ures , meritorious and otherwise. I
kept my right hand , with the injured
sjlove , in my pocket.
"Miss McGregor Flora , " I said
suddenly , "I promised to thank you
for calling me 'Mark. ' When you
called me 'Mark' it was all I could dote
to keep from throwing myself at your
feet and telling you how much I loved
you. 'Dear Helen , ' " and I took her
soft little hand in my two big ones ,
"you know I love yo'u heartily , with
ill my soul , since I first saw you.
Whenever I have looked into your
weet , glowing eyes , I have trie'd to
find some sign that you loved me. that
aiy love could call forth a little in re-
iurn. My darling little love , let me
see them now and perhaps "
She had cast her eyes down demurely
tvhen I began , and her face was
svreathed in blushes , but now she in-
: errupted me with a hearty peaJ of
laughter , and hereyes were riveted on
icr hand so secure in mine. I fol
lowed her glance. Oh , horrors ! That
jonfounded glove ! The empty kid
forefinger dangled down , and my dis-
jolored rainbow-hued finger protruded
prominently with the spotless glove as
'ts background. I stood there glaring
kvith rage , when the voice of Lieuten-
mt Evans broke in on us.
"I've found you at last , Miss Flora.
This is our waltz. What is the joke ?
Hawn't you let me enjoy it , too ? Mr.
[ lepworth is an awful wag , I know. "
How I got away I doirt know , but
is I was trying to elbow my way to
; he cloak-room , an elderly gentleman
planted himself in front of me and
said :
"This is Mr. Hepworth , isn't it ?
four uncle recommended you to me
ind asked me to speak to you about a
3lace in your office. I am Mr. Ber-
lard Share , " and he held out his hand
; o me gravely.
Reluctantly I drew that hideous
land from behind me and shook hands
svith him. This was the man who in
sisted on neatness ! He started at the
sight of the spotted finger , of course ,
ind I tried to explain the matter.non-
3halantly by saying :
"Don't you think I have the small
pox , or have been putting my finger
in a paint pot. The fact is , I loft th (
laboratory late this afternoon , too lat <
to remove some chemicals which ]
spilled 'on my band , and a split in mj
glovohas disclosed what I flatterec
my self I could keep hidden. "
"Yes , you young scoundrel , yet
have been hiding it along while,1
said a voice behind me. Uncle Mark
of course he had come up to introduce
me , and had overheard me. "Share
I withdraw my recommedation of thi ;
young man as I am now convinced
that he is a liar , and a sneak ; " thet
turning to mo he said : "And I wisl
you to understand , sir , that I am nc
relative of your's after this. I hav <
no nephew. You hear me , Share , ]
don't know this young man. "
"I had already decided that he
would not do for mo , " replied Mr ,
Share.
I got away from that miserable plac
as soon as I could , and have decidec
not te leave the laboratory. In Mact
chemistry is the only thing left for mi
now since I lost , a legacy , a place ir
business , and the girl I loved , and al
by a ripped glove I Washington Hatch
et.
Leaf-Cnttiiigr Ants.
In my rambles I discover a nest ol
the large leaf-cutting ant ( the ( Eco-
dama ) found over the entire South
American continent and a leading
member of that social tribe of insects
of which it has been said that they
rank intellectually next to ourselves.
Certainly this ant in its actions , simu
lates man's intellect very closely , and
not in the unpleasant manner of spe
cies having , warrior castes and slaves.
The leaf-cutter is exclusively agricul
tural in its habits , and constructs
subterranean galleries in which it
stores fresh leaves in amazing quanti
ties. The leaves are not eaten , but
are cut up into small pieces and ar
ranged in beds ; these beds quickly
become frosted over with a growth of
minute fungus ; this the ant industri
ously gathers and stores for use , and
when the artificial bed is exhausted
the withered leaves are carried out to
make room for a layer of fresh ones.
Thus the ( CEcodama literally grows its
own food , and in this respect appears
to have reached a stage beyond the
most highly developed ant communi
ties hitherto described. Another in
teresting fact is that , although the
leaf-cutters have a peaceful disposition ,
never showing resentment except
when gratuitously interfered with ,
they are just as courageous as any
purely predatory species , only their
angry emotions"and warlike qualities
always appear to be dominated by
reason and the public good. Occasion-
ly a community of leaf-cutters goes to
war with a neighboring colony of ants
of some other species ; in this , as in
everything else , they seem to act with
a definite purpose and great delibera-
ion. Wars are infrequent , but in all
those I have witnessed and I have
known this species from childhood
the fate of the nation is decided in one
great pitched battle. A spacious bare
level spot of ground is chosen , where
the contending armies meet , the fight
raging for several hours at a stretch ,
to be renewed on several consecutive
days. The combatants , equally
sprinkled over a wide area , are seen
engaged in single combat or in small
'
groups , while other ? , non-fighters , run
briskly about , removing the dead and
disabled warriors from the field of
battle. Gentleman's Magazine.
Shall We Meet Again ?
The following from the pen of the
lamented George D. Prentice is well
worth reproduction. It was regarded
as meritorious when it first appeared ,
and age seems to have but added to its
beauty : "The fiat death is inexorable.
No appeal for relief from * the great
law which dooms us to dust. We flour
ish and fade as the leaves of the forest ,
and the flowers that bloom , wither ,
and fade in a day have no frailer hold
upon life' than the mightiest monarch
that ever shook the earth with his foot
steps. Generations of men will appear
and disappear as the grass , and the
multidude that , throng the world to
day will disappear as footsteps on the
shore. Men seldom think of the great
event of death until the shadow falls
across their own pathway , hiding from
their eyes the faces of loved ones
whose living smile was the sunlight of
their existence. Death is the antago
nist of life , and the thought of the
tomb is the skeleton of all feasts. We
do not want to go through the dark
valley , although its dark passage may
lead "to ; paradise ; we do not want to
go down into damp graves , even with
princes for bed-fellows. In the beau
tiful drama of Ion , the hope of immor
tality , so eloquently uttered by the
death-devoted Greek , finds deep re
sponse in every thoughtful . When
about to yield his life a sacrifice to fate ,
his Clemanthe asks if they should meet
again ; to which he responds : I have
asked that dreadful question of the
hills that look eternal of the clear
streams that flow forever of stars
among those fields of azure my raised
spirits have walked in glory. All are
dumb. But as I gaze upon thy living
face , I feel that there is something in
love that mantles through its beauty
that can not wholly perish. Wo shall
meet again , Clemanthe.
Arizona's Name.
The name of Arizona was not be
stowed through any poetic arrange
ments of Indian or Spanish names , but
is derived from "Aridus" and "zona. "
Aridus , dry from "areo , " to be dry.
From this root also comes the word
"arid , " which signifies dry , exhausted
of moisture , parched with heat ; as , for
instance , an arid waste. This is with
out doubt one of the roots , the prefix
( Ari ) of the word Arizona. There is
no difficulty in the way as to the suffix.
That is plain enough to any "one who
has studied word analysis. "Zona"
or "zone" simply means a girdle or belt
Hence we have the different zones or
belts on the earth's surface two
frigid , two temperate and one torrid
to mark the average beat from the
sun's rays upon certain portions of the
earth. Hence the suffix "zone" or
"zona , " and we have the entire word
Arizona , whose meaning ia simply "a
dry or parched belt of country. " This
name , however , is a misnomer so far
as the greater portion of Arizona Ter
ritory is concerned. Arizona Sentinel.
PJIESIDMTIAI. POVERTY.
Jewof Our Executives Who Have left For
tunes Behind Them.
John Adams , at the a e of 66 , aftei
twenty-six years of continuous public
service , writes a correspondent tc
T/ie Cleveland Leader , retired to his
little estate near Quincy , Mass. , witli
barely enough property to give him
the needs of life on a farm and the
only thing he got from the United
States-during his later years was the
privilege of receiving and sending his
letters without postage.
Thomas Jefferson had to borrow
something less than $10,000 of a Richmond
mend bank to pay his debts before ho
left the white house , and the history
of the last seventeen years of his life
is one of almost continuous financial
embarrassment. During the forty-four
years which he devoted to the service
of his country his property dwindled
and his estates became involved. In
asking for the above loan he says ;
"My nights will be almost sleepless ,
as nothing would bo more distressing
to me than to have debts here ( in
Washington ) Unpaid , if , indeed , 1
should be allowed to depart with them
unpaid of which I am bv no means cer
tain. "
He obtained the loan , but he wont
from Washington still owing $20,000 ,
and a few years later he was forced to
sell his library , which he had been
sixty years in gathering to relieve his
necessities. Congress , parsimonious
then as now , valued it at half its cost ,
and gave him $23,000 for what was
worth $50,000. In 1819 and. 1820 there
were hard times in this country , and
Jefferson , now a man of 77 , lost $20-
000 by indorsing for a friend , and he
tried to relieve nimself by selling some
of his lands. But times were bad and
there- were no purchasers. Land
would not bring more than one-third
of its value , and at the request of the
old ex-president the Virginia legisla
ture passed an act permitting him to
dispose of Montecello by a lottery.
This fact was noised about over the
country , and so many subscriptions
came to his relief that the idea was.
given up. New York raised $8,500 ,
Philadelphia sent $5,000 , Baltimore
$3,000 , and Jefferson , it is said , re
ceived these moneys proudly , saying :
"No cent of this was wrung from'the
taxpayer. It is the pure , unsolicited
offering of love. " He died at 83 , be
lieving that his estate would support
his children. He was mistaken. Con
tinued hard times caused increased
depression , and the mansion and the
estate merely paid the debts which
hung over them. Martha Jefterson ,
his daugater , lost her homo and pre
pared to teacli school , but the legisla
tures of South Carolina and Louisana
each voted her $10,000 , and this en
abled her to die in comfort. Jeffer
son's only surviving granddaughter ,
Mrs. Mickleham , lives in poverty in
Georgetown , and congress has refused
to aid her.
I have before me a newspaper of
1826. published just one month after
Jefferson's death. It contains an ad
vertisement of the sale of Monticello
by lottery in 1820 , aad represents it
as valued at $71,000. Shadwell Mills ,
another estate of Jefterson , is valued
at $30,000 , and the Albemarle estate
at $11,500 , making a total of three
prizes worth $112,500. The tickets are
$10 each , and there are 11,4 7 blanks.
President Madison left some proper
ty at the time of his death , but his
widow , the peerless Dolly , was for a
time dependent upon the bread and
meat furnished her by an old negro
servant , and her last days were made
easy only by congress buying from her
for $30,000 the manusc.ipt notes of
the debates of the constitutional con
vention , which Madison had taken.
President Monroe , though he declin
ed , it is said , $358,000 from the gov
ernment for his public services , died
very poor in New York , and it was
twenty-seven years before his body
was removed to Richmond , Va.
Adams must- have
John Quincy re
ceived over $500,000 in government
salaries , and he is one of the few presi
dents who again took up public life
after he had left the white house. He
remained in retirement only about a
year , and then entered the lower house
of congress. After about sixteen
years of service there , he died in the
capital in 1848 , exclaiming : "This is
the end of earth : I am content. " John
Quincy Adams accumulated property ,
and the home in which he lived in
Washington is now worth at least
$30,000 , and was until a few years aero
in the hands of his decendants. His
family is wealthy , and Charles Francis
Adams is a railroad nabob.
Andrew Jackson gained nothing in
wealth from his white house salary.
It cost him , he says , every cent of it
to pay his expenses , and the most of
the proceeds of his cotton crop in ad
dition. He returned from Washing
ton at the close of his second term
with just $90 in his pocket , to find his
farm going to ruin and himself so
deeply in debt that he had to sell
oart of his land to get out. The panic
of 1837 did not affect him , but in 1842
he became involved through the debts
of his adopted son , and he had to
borrow $10,000 from Frank Blair.
Congress relieved him somewhat dur
ing his later years by refunding the fine
of $1,000 which he had paid in New Or
leans in 1815 , and this with the interest
amounted in 1843,1 think , to $2,700.
Still , at the time of Jackson's death
he owed more than $16 , 000 , and now
his heirs hold only a life estate in the
Hermitage by an act of the Tennessee
legislature.
Martin Van Buren retired from the
white house wealthy and ambitious.
He ran for a second term and was de
feated. He was a candidate for nomi
nation when Polk was nominated at
Baltimore four years later , and in
1848 he accepted a nomination as the
"Free Soil" candidate for the presi
dency and received 300,000 votes ? Van
Buren was a close , cautious , moneymaking -
making fellow. He got good law fees ,
and began to learn economy while
saving enough as a young man to get
married. At his estate at Linden-
wald , where he lived during his last
years , he was surrounded with books
and comforts , and he left a manu
script onpolitical parties in the United
States which his son published in 1867 ,
five years after his father's death.
President Harrison owned a farm in
Ohio when ho was inaugurated prcsi
dent. It is safe to say no was poor ,
for ho had been lately doing the drud
gery of the clerk of the courts at Cin
cinnati. President Tyler supplied
much of the money which ran the
white house out of his own pocket ,
and congress would not pay the salary
of his private secretary. lie , like "Van
Buren , was not satisfied to leave
politics at the close of his term , and
ho died in 1862 , while serving as a
member of the confederate congress.
Moderately wealthy while here at
Washington , he left little to his chil
dren , and one of his sons is now a
clerk in the treasury department at
Washington.
Zach Taylor was by no means
wealthy when he died in the white
house. James K. Polk left a big house
and enough to keep his widow , and
Millard Fillmore , who started in life
as a wool carder , died ten years ago ,
with enough of an estate in Buffalo to
create a lawsuit over the sanity of hia
second wife. Ho took , like Grant , a
foreign tour at the end of his term ,
and was a presidential candidate in
1856 as a leader of the know-nothings.
James Buchanan did not Jcave such
an estate ns enabled Harriet Lane to
keep Wheatlands.'and within the past
year it has been advertised for sale.
Buchanan spent all his salary as presi
dent while in Washington , and what
he had. left after paying his white
house expenses he gave in charity. He
did not attempt to enter politics again ,
and he died an unappreciated and
disappointed man.
Abraham Lincoln died poor , and it
is due to congress that his family was
provided for. Andrew Johnson went
back to his house at Greenville , Tenn. ,
where he had started in life as a tailor ,
but he continued to take part in poli
tics until his death in 1875. Just be
fore his death ho had been elected
again as United States senator , and he
took his seat on the 5th of March ,
1875 , at the special session convened
by Gen. Grant. He died by a stroke
of paralysis , and left no fortune be
hind.
Of the other presidents Grant's
necessities are agitating the country
to-day , and Garfield's family is wealthy
only through the voluntary subscrip
tions of the people. Truly , as Sidney
Smith used to say , "There is nothing
so expensive as glory. "
A Famous Naturalist.
The fame of Seth Green as a master
of the rod and gun , and as an enthusi
astic , practical pisciculturist , is world
wide. He is a keen observ&r of na
ture in all her moods , but is especially
noted for his intimate acquaintance
with fishes and birds , and their habits ,
and the profound knowledge ho pos
sesses of the vegetable and animal life
upon which they feed. Mr. Green is
gifted with remarkable conversational
powers , is clear and luminous in
statement , and no one can listen to
him without rare entertainment and
instruction. He is untiring in his re
searches after knowledge , and has a
marvelous aptitude for combining and
controling the minor and insignificant
forces of nature , so that they will work
together for the advantage of man.
His labors extend far beyond the mere
cultivation of fish. Among his melon
vines Mr. Green has laid boards. Lift
ing up these boards multitudes of toads
were found concealed there by clay.
At night they come out and feed upon
the insects that infest the melon vines.
It was a simple device , and one that
succeeded admirably. The toads were
harnessed to his scheme of gardening ,
and worked faithfully and well. There
is a hint in this to other growers of
melons. Mr. Green is a born experi
menter , and is not slow to get at the
bottom facts in the matters that at
tract his attention. He is not disposed
tp adopt the speculations or conclu
sions of others , except so far as they
are based upon proven conditions.
He has reduced to practical use and
given to the world the results of long
years of study and observation , and
the world is better thereby. He is in
the full vigor of industrious life , and
will yet accomplish much more in the
field of his special pursuits. American
Agriculturist.
Italy Abroad.
A work lately produced at Rome
gives many interesting particulars
concerning the number of Italians
living in foreign countries at the end
of 1881. At the head of the list stands
France , which , with Algeria and the
colonies , contains 274,825 , of whom
21,577 are in Paris , 33,693 in Algeria ,
and 57,861 in Marseilles. The Argen
tine Republic , or La Plata , has 254-
388 , 103,595 of whom live in Buenos
Ayres. Strange to say , the United
States of America has in its immense
population only 170,000 of whom 20-
286 are found in New York. The
number in Brazil is 82,196 , of whom
17,570 fall to San Paolo. r In Austria
and Hungary there are 43,875. of
whom Trieste has 16,202. In Switzer
land there are 41,645 , of whom 1D,603
are in the can ton oETicino ; in Uruguay
40,000 , in Turkey 18,612 , in Egypt 16-
302 , most of whom live in Alexandria.
Only 14,567 find a home in the British
Isles and all the colonies , -and of these
only 7,189 in Great Britain and Ire
land. Tunis ha 11,196 , Peru about
10,000 , Spain 8.825 , the German Em
pire 7,096 , of whom 1,552 fall to
Prussia ( not including Hesse-Nassau ,
which was 496) . Then come Mexico
with 6,103 Italians , Monaco with 3-
437 , and last the Russian Empire with
only 2,938. New York Po&t
Illiteracy in Siberia.
The discovery has lately been made
that there is a'town in Siberia , called
llim , where not a single person can
read or write. It is in the province of
Irkutsk , and somehow or other has
managed to get itself utterly over
looked and forgotten by the Russian
government. The 500 inhabitants
possess four churches but no schools ,
and , ailowing the rest of the Czar's
subjects to go on as they please , the
people of llim have continued in the
old republican forms of government ,
which everybody supposed had been
formally abolished by imperial edict
throughout all the Russias ever so
many years ago. New York Commer
cial Advertiser.
FRANCE AND GERMANY COMPARED.
Figures That Indicate the Tendencies of th9
Two Nations.
M. Paul Loroy-Beauliouhas recently
made an interesting comparison be
tween the industrial population of
Franco and Germany , taking as a text
the "Resultats Statistinues du Donom-
bremont'do 1881" for the former country - .
try , and the "Statisches Jahrbuch , fur
das Deutsche Reich" for the latter.
On the 5th of June , 1882 , the date o4
the "Jahrbuch" the population of the
German empire was 45,222,113 , while
that of the French republic , Dec. 18 ,
1881 , was 37,622,0-18 Germany , there
fore , being about 7,500,000 to the good
and that at a faster increasing ratio
than Franco , seeing that the excess of
births over deaths in 1882 was 625,000
in the one country , and only 100,000 erse
so in the other. While bearing in
mind that Germany is given to emigra
tion and France to immigration , the
former population may be said to in
crease at the rate of 850,000 per an
num , and of the latter at the rate of
150,000. Each decade sees some 2,000-
000 people more in the German pro
portion than in the French , so that by _
the time 'wo reach the year 1900 the
excess will be close upon 11,500,000.
A comparison of the occupations of
the two countries shows some striking
difference" ? , owing to the habits and
temperament of the different nations ,
although it is difficult to arrive at a
strict classification , because in France ,
more than in most countries , persons
are often found figuring in two or
three capacities. It often happens ,
for instance , that a land-owner in the
country ( and returned as such ) is a
lawyer or doctor in the city , while in
the lower strain of society a weaver is
as often as not an agricultural laborer
when textiles are slack , and many a
house domestic helps his employer in
the fields or in his office , being by
turns a servant , a farm bailiff , or a
clerk. These , however , are difficul
ties incidental to all census returns ,
more or less. The number of these
who live by farming or forestry in
Germany , including women and chil
dren , is 19,225,455 , the same gicat
class in France representing 18,249-
209 ; no very great difference when we
consider the relative similarity of sur
face , which in Germany is 540,000
square kilometers , and in France 528-
OUO , though the difference b'ecomes
considerable when we take into ac
count 7,500,000 extra population.
On the other hand , the difference is
lessened by the fact that children are
much more abundant in Germany than
in France. It is. however , when wo
consider the manual industries that
the greatest divergence appears. Min
ing , building , and handicraft trades
generally employ 16,058,080 persons in
Germany , while" in Franco all indus
tries , grandes et petitcs , put together ,
give occupation to only 9,324,107 , and
this undoubtedly gives the keynote to
the greater activity and development
of the life of the people in the German
empire. Commerce and the carrying-
trade , including shipping , railways ,
and hotel-keeping , employ 4,531,080
individuals in Germany , and in this
respect it is outstripped by France ,
notwithstanding that the rail way mile
age is less , and that the Germans are
notoriously the greater travelers of the
two. The army , navy , gendarmerie ,
ana police comprise in France 4.52,174 ,
the addition of the wives and families
bringing the number up to 552,851. In
Germanv the army alone numbers
"
451,885"or , with the families , 542,282.
The number of functionaries and offi
cials , together with the p'ofessions ,
are , in the latter country , 579,552 , and
in this respect again France heads the
list with 689,000. Germany contains
1,022,223 persons without a profession ,
and this army is reinforced by women
and children , bringing it up to 1,908-
309 , in addition to which a class con
sisting of those preparing for work ,
such as students and apprentices num
ber 337,000 , while there are also 938-
244 which include housekeepers , day
servants , and the like. France has
4
only 737,088 actually without a pro
fession , but has 2l"21,173 living on
their means , which is tantamount to
the same tiling ; and there is a small
batch of 91wl6of professions inconnucs ,
which , if all the secrets were known ,
would form a remarkable series of
revelations. The number of those who
live on the > r means ( von etqenem Ver-
moqeii ) in Germany is placed at 1,593-
125 , which is very considerably less
than the French contingent , and tells
in favor of the Germans , as possessing
less idle ones in a household. Domes
tic service m franco employs 2,557,266 ,
of whom from 108,404 men and 281,380
women are returned as attendants in
hotels and restaurants. The domestic
clitss in Germany is only 2,324,924.
The occupations depending upon eat
ing , drinking , and lodging comprise
1,161,590 individuals in France , as
ngainstt 756,647 in Germany , a fact
"
which will be potent to those" who are
acquainted with the two countries and
know the different degrees of estima
tion in which the art and graces of liv-
iuor are held.
The Mexican Police System.
The City of Mexico has an excellent
police system. At night there is a
policeman at every corner. He never
patrols the streets , but has a lantern
which he sets in the center of the in
tersecting streets , and then retires to
i convenient doorway and sits silent
untill relieved. As a consequence
there is a row of lanterns in the mid-
lie of every street. Each policeman
sarries a club and a revolver , and
wears a blanket around his shoulders ,
f he roundsmen who patrol the streets
ire mounted , and carry carbines and
sabers , looking like cavalrymen.
Policemen are invariably polite , and
"
ivill stop a street car and" assist a lady
: o enter it as gallantly as the proudest
3astiiian. Two "Republics.
In due coarse of time the Brltlsth public
nay come to use a further variety of American
xriiUcal phrases. A British statesman may
M3int Tvith pride to his Kecord , and lie may de-
tounce with vehemence those who bolt the
cgular nomination , and who do not rote the
tralgot ticket. A little knot of partv man
ners will prepare the slate , and a little group
if B'lUoh mucmimps will break the elate.
London. Saturday liecica.