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About Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921 | View Entire Issue (Sept. 1, 1910)
T WAS nearly 40 years DEO that the UnlUxl States government first nwoko to the necessity of conserv ing the aquatic resources of tbo ountry , nml began those operations in behalf of fishes , fishermen and flsh-cntera that have now attained such gigantic proportions ] . Several of the states had already established their local ilsh commis sions or boarda when in 1871 con gress took Uio initial step toward ti national fishery service by the passage of a lolnt resolution creating the ofllco of commis sioner of fish and fisheries. The early years of the bureau of fisheries were devoted to an investigation of the con dition of the fisheries of the Atlantic coast , Great Lakes , and other sections , to studied of the interior and coastal waters and their In habitants , and to exploration of the off-shoro Qshlng banks. The cultivation of useful ilshea was soon taken up throughout the country and -r quickly attained largo proportions. The natur al expansion of the work waa materially aug mented from time to time by acts of congress , and in a comparatively short time the opera- Ions came to have a very wide scope. From year to year , as the importance of the fork has become Increasingly evident , uddl- lonal hatcheries have boon built , the capacity f existing hatcheries has been enlarged , the icalo of the operations has been extended , and low kindsof fishes have been added to the mtput. Today there Is scarcely n phase of aqulcul- ture. of the fishing Industry , or of biological ind physical science as connected with the streams was centered at six hatcheries anfl subhatchorloa in 1909. At one of these the principal species handled Is the Atlantic sal mon , at four the ahad , at three the yellow perch , nt two the white porch , and at ono the otripcd bass. In recent years the bureau has operated n shad hatchery on the Delaware riv er , and has detailed the ntcamer Fish Hawk for shad hatching in Maine , Now Jersey , North Carolina and Florida. The central station , In Washington , is operated largely for experimen tal and exhibition purposes In order to counteract the effects of the very exhausting fisheries of the Great Lakes , the government has maintained hatcheries for many years , and now operates six belonging to the United States and two belonging to the state of Michigan. The fishes to which atten tion Is given are these which enter most large ly Into the catch of the fishermen , namely , the white-fish , clsco , lake trout , and plko perch , the annual output of which now exceeds ono and a . MAM/VG A PJ.AMr iJy&V $ S&K& & ? * w&&w&8sss& w v - j r ' . i . r > /OW/YG SHAD GCS AT3TATIOM WORTH CAFiOMfYA- * Waters , that does not como within the purview of the bureau. It is conceived to be the better po'icy to ex pend a small amount of public money In ma king fish EO nbundfirt that they can bo caught \\Ithout restriction and serve as cheap food for the people at largo , rather than to expend a much larger sum In preventing people fiom catching the few fish that still remain after generations of Improvidence. Public or government fish-culture In Ameri ca exceeds In extent and Importance that of all other countries combined. However , the neglect of some of the htatcs to provide the minimum protection to certain species Inhabi ting Interstate and International waters has not only negatived the fish-cultural work of the bureau nnd of the states themselves , but has practically Inhibited It by preventing the pos sibility of securing an adequate supply of eggs , thus making desirable and necessary the pla cing of Interstate and International waters un der the Jurisdiction of the general government At the end of the firse ten jears of the bu reau's existence , the fishes that were being regularly cultivated were shad , carp , chlnook salmon , Atlantic salmon , land-locked salmon , rainbow trout , brook trout and whiteflsh. In ad dition to which the propagation of several oth ers had been undertaken experimentally The list now is six times as long and the annual output Is ten times the aggregate for the ton- year period ending In 18S1. The main energies aru devoted to the Im portant commercial fishes slnd , whiteflsh , lake trout , Pacific salmons , white porch , yel low perch , cod. flatfish and the lobster , which are hatched In lots of many millions annually. Wore widely popular , however , are the distri butions of the fishes of the Interior waters which arc generally classed as game fishes Al though representing only about 10 per cent , of the output of the hatcheries , this feuturo of the work Is veiy Important , for It supplies choice Kinds of fish for public rivers , lakes and \ ponds , and for fishing preserves and prlvato ponds and streams In all parts of the United States. The fishes most In demand for these purposes are the land-locked salmon , tbo dif ferent species of trout , thu piayllng. the busses , the crapples , the sunfishes. and the catflshes , but various others also are handled. Fish-cultural stations are established by special net of congress , and their location and construction are determined after a careful survey of the available sites In n given otato. The usual buildings are the hatchery proper. a residence for the superintendent nnd his fam- 'ily ' , and necessary outbuildings At soiro sta tions there may also be power house , fonnnan'ti or fish-culturlst'a dwelling , races hall uud sta- iblo. The only permanent irarlno hatcheries nro In Maine nnd Massachusetts , where the cod , .pollock . , flatfish , nnd lobsters an- hatched In immense numbers. Other sea fishes that have < n previous years been artificially propagated and may again como under the hand of the llsh-culturist are the haddock , the ncuppaug. the shecpEhoad , the sea bass , the mackerel , nnd the Bquetoaguo , Eomo of which weie hatched on the steamer Fish Hawk. In Chesupeake bay mid Florida. The flab cultural work on the eastern half bll'Ions. Under arrangement with the Canadian authorities , two egg-collection sta tions for whltcfis-h , clsco , and lake trout are maintained at points In Ontario. While surveying a new "bank" on the coast of Alaska , the government steamer Albatrosa in 20 minutes made the experimental catch of cod and halibut shown In one of our Illustra tions. As n result of explorations of the Al batross on the Pacific coast , fisheries of great importance have been established thero. The hatcheries on the rivers and lakes of the Pacific coast are devoted almost exclu sively to the various enlmons. In California , where the bureau established a salmon hatch- cry as early as 1872 , there Is ono central or main station , at fialrd. on the McCloud river , with Important collecting stations on two other tributaries of the Sacramento. In Oregon a central hatchery at Oregon City , on the WI1- lametto river , has three subhatchorles on trib utaries of the Columbia , In Oregon nnd Wash ington , and three subhatcherles on tributaries of the Rogue liver , Oregon. In addition to several - oral egg collecting station. The Interests of the largo salmon fisheries of the Puget Sound region arc saleguardod by a hatchery on Baker lake , on the Sknglt river. A Eignlficant feature of attificlil propagation on the Pacific seaboard Is that in the Columbia basin the hatching of the acclimatized shad has begun on a email scale , nnd In the Sacramento basin the cultivation of the acclimatized striped bass has commenced under conditions which In dicate that more eggs of this species may bo obtained In California than In any of the stated to which the fish Is native. The hatcheries In the Interior icglona con- Btltuto the most numerous class , , nnd their output reaches the largest number of people. Their operations are addiessed chiefly to the BO called "gamo" fishes , which , while caught mostly by anglers , nevertheless constitute an important element of the food supply. At these stations large numbers of fish nro icaied to the fingcillng or yearling sizes before being re leased ; lor this put pose more or loss extensive- pond areas are required. The fish-cultural work of the federal govern- incnt has now attained a magnitude that can not rcndlly bo comprehended , nnd Is Increas ing at an exceedingly rapid rate. Especially marked has been the increase in the Imtchory product during the past ten years , owing la part to the extension of operations at existing stations , and In part to greater efficiency ot methods and appliances. The work during the fiscal year 1909 reached laiger proportions than ever before , over three billion fish being pro duced and planted. While the bureau docs not lay undue stress on mere numbers and considers the vitality of the fish and the conditions under which they are planted as ot paramount Importance , the foregoing figures are certainly very suggestive end an a further statement of the magnitude of the flah-cultural work , It may bu of Interest to record that the aggregate output of the hatcheries from 1872 to 1909 was about 28 bil lion , of which over 13 billion lepresents the work of the past six. years. In making his oiiglnal plans for the sys tematic in\ostlgatlon of the watern of the Uni ted States and the biological and physical problems they piescnt , Commissioner Unlid In sisted that to studj only the food-fishes would be of little Importance , and that useful < onclu- Blons must needs rest upon a bioad foundation of Investigations purely scientific in clmincter. The llfo history of species of economic vnltio choiild bo understood from beginning to ond. but no loss roqulslto Is It to know the histories of the nnimnls and plants upon which they Iced or upon which their fed Is nourished ; the his- very of their onomtes and filends and the friends and foeu of theli enemies and fi lends. $8 well as the cunents. temperatures , and other physical phenomena of the waters In i elation to migration , rcpioductlon and growth. In pursuance ol thia policy the bureau has secured the seivices ol many prominent men of ficlonco , and much of the pi ogress in the aitl- flclal propagation ol fkho. % In the Investigation of lisheiy problem" , and In the extension of knowledge of our aquatic resources has been duo men eminent ar > zoologists who have boon associated with tl.o Mork temporarily. Their services have been the sei vices of specialists for particular piohlcms , and through them the bureau ban not only been able to glvo to the public the practical results of applied science , but has contributed to pure science valuable knowledge- all forms of aquatic llfo. The Importance to thu fishing Interests ot the work of the buicau in connection with the economic fisheries la widely appreciated and freely acknowledged. The statistical Inquiries of the bureau afford the only adequate basis for determining the condition and trend of the flshoiles and the icsults of legislation , protec tion , and cultivation. Among the numerous epoclal matters In which the bureau has bene fited the fisheries the following may bo men tioned : Hy bringing to the attention of American fishermen new methods and now apparatus , new fishctles have Fnmetlmc-s been established and now fields exploited. Uy th Introduction of cod gill ucts the v'n- ter cod fishery of Now England waa revolu tionized In a single season shortly after the use of such nets began t few Capo Ann ( Gloucester ) fishermen took by this means over 8,000,000 pounds of large-sired fish , and as much as $50,000 has sometimes been saved annually In the single Item of bait. H > the dissemination of Information regard Ing now fishing giounds Important fisheries have been Inauguinlcd. Thus when the abun dance of halibut oft the coast of Iceland was made known by the bureau , a fishery was begun gun which jleldod from 570,000 to $100,000 an nually to the New England fishermen. Owing to the appalling mortality among the crows of the Now Englrnd flailing vessels , caused In laigo part by the fouiulcilng of ve ? sols at sea , thebunau many years ago undoi- took the Intioductlon Into the offshore flnliorlea of n type of craft which would combine largi carrying capacity and gicat sped with en hanced safety. Uy correspondence , discussion In the dally press , personal Interviews , ex hlbtion of models and finally by Hit actual COL structlon of a full rlzed rchnoncr ( the Granv pus ) , with the icquhlte qualities , the buroa'j wni enabled to inaugurate n momentous chang" In the firchltecturo of fishing vessels ; so that for a long lime the New England schoonei i have been constructed on the new lines , with a consequent n.lniml/.ing of disasters and a dn elded lucicaso In efllclency. In other fisheries and regions the uuroaa has likewise advocated Improved typos of veil [ jclu and boats especially adapted to local con dltlons , and has published plans and specifier ( Ions ombodjing the results of studies of. ths fishing flotilla of the world. The icsults of the bureau's efforts In thli. line In saving llfo and property , In Increasing the usefulness of the vessels , and In Imnrovluy the quality of thn catch as landed , cannot b estimated , but the beneficial effects may ba paitlj appreciated when it Is stated that durlnv the ten years ending In 1SS3 , when the oil typei of vessels were In use , there were lo * ' by foundering from the port of GloucestOi alone , 82 veHsels , valued nt more than $100,000 with their crews of 895 men , while duilng tin ten years ending in 1907 , the losses from tbl cause aggregated only a fourth us many voj eels and men TERRIBLE CASE OF GRAVEL Dakar City , Oro. , Man GufforeU 5 Years. Charles Kurz , 1C18 Center 8L , Dakar City , Oro. , says : "For 25 years I suf fered agony from gravel. So Intense vas the pain when the stones were passing , that I had to llo on my back and brace my feet , often b o 1 n g forood to scream. On ono oo caslon two stones became - came lodged nnd I could not pass tha urlno for two days. I spent hundreds of dollars lars without roller. At last I began taking Doan's Kidney Pills. They nro the only remedy that wards off these attacks. " Remember the name Dean's. For sale by all donlors. GO cents n box. roster-Mllburn Co. . Buffalo , N. Y. Sinn of Recovery. "If when the devil Is sick n monk ho will bo , " said Iloso Stahl nagoly , "then the devil gets well In double quick time. Witness that young Mlvll with the ItulloH , ' my kid cousin. Last winter ho was 111 , BO III ho didn't have any ncnso of humor loft nor any sense either. 1 was staying at the same ho tel , and when I went In to look after him ho virtuously remarked thnt bis room wan no place for a'Chorus Lady * and promptly shooed mo out. ( A few years ago' I tipankojl that kid. ) Then ho got scared and sent for a doctor nnd the doctor sent for a trained nurse. For several days I got bulle tins of his progress from the cham bermaid. The fourth morning she set my mind completely at rest. " 'Suro , ma'am , " Bald Magglo , 'an * I think ho do bo gettln' along very well. The inirsui was sltlln * on bin lap this mornlnT" Whcro Mllllonn Are Entombed. The catacombs at Homo were the tiuilal places of the early Christians. They are about G30 miles In extent ami are nald to have contained 6,000,000 bodies. During the persecutions of the Chtlstlans under Nero and other Ro man emperors the catacombs were used for hiding places. Under Diocle tian the catnrop'bs were crowded with these for whom there was no safety In the face of the day. The art of the catacombs Is unique and most Inter esting Simple designs arc etched in the slabs which coal the ( ambit. Now nnd then are small chapels whoso paintings nro to bo found. All are Ulblo Illustrations , co that the cata combs may be said to bo a pictorial Ulblo In effect. The Christian Herald. Ho Had No Eye for Color. There came to the homo of n negro In Tennessee an addition to the fam- ! y In the shape of triplets. The proud athcr hailed the first man who cama Uong the road and asked him In to oo them. The man , who was an trlsh- imn , scorned greatly Interested in the nfants as ho looked them over , lying la n row before him. "What does yo' think ? " asked the laront "Waul" pointing to the ono In the middle "I thl ik I'd save that ono. " ivcrybody's Mnqnzlno. Bores Barred. A reporter asked Mr. Roosevelt nt ho Outlook ofllco how ho got through so much work , and at the same tlmo BO many people. "I shun bores , " vas the reply. "I don't waste a tnln- ute of my tlmo on bores. Do you por- : elvo that I have only just ono chair n this loom ? You nee , my hunting ixpcrlcnces have shown mo that great bores aio always of small caliber. " To harbor fretful and discontented noughts Is to do yourself more Injury ban It Is In the power of your great ! st enemy to do you. Mason. Woman's Inhumanity to man makes dlvorco Inwvors hnnpv Cut Out Cooking Easy to start the day cool and comfortable if are in the pantry ready to serve right from the package. No cooking required ; just add some cream and a little sugar. Especially pleasing these summer mornings with berries v or fresh fruit. fruit.One One can feePcool in hot weatheron _ proper food. "Tho Memory Lingers" POSTUM CKUEAfc CO. , ttd. Uattle Creel ; . Mich.