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About Custer County Republican. (Broken Bow, Neb.) 1882-1921 | View Entire Issue (April 21, 1910)
HORTICULTURAL NOTES. A good place for the strawberry bed Is on one side of the vegetable gar den. The plum curcullo cannot be con trolled without some trouble and out- .lay of money. The setting of scions Is only th 'flrat step In top-working a fruit tree , Knrly spraying alone will not pre vent scab. Cyclamen plants should bo rested during the summer months not al- .lowed to dry off entirely , but watered sparingly and kept da dormant MR pos sible. [ Keep the chrysanthemums In a isluuly place during the summer , water .regularly , pinch Into shape , prune and ( train. Keep the plant free from in- .soot . pests. , In planning for the planting of the trees , the aim should bo to so plant that when they grow annoying winds will be kept at bay to the greatest [ possible extent. 1 To root an Ivy geranium make a hole unde'r the leaves of the large plant , set the slip about throe Inches deep , allowing thrco jointr to bo under thD soil , and they are almost sure to root. In time of drought , If water enough to soak the ground is not to bo had regularly , It is bettor to give none to most plants , as In that case plants will adjust thoms9lves to prevailing conditions. , Give liquid manure only when the ground Is moist ; the roots cannot absorb serb the fertilizer when in want of water ; hence , the giving of fertilizers during -drought often rcsulto in the death of the plant. HOW TO REMOVE LARGE LIMB Illustration Shows How Large Branch , Hanging Over Roof , Was Easily Taken Down. I recently had occasion to remove one of the main branches of a largo elm tree , writes C. O. Ormsbeo of Washington county , Vermont , In Farm and Homo. The branch in question was 12 Inches in diameter , 35 feet long and attached to the tree at a height of 30 feet It hung over n slate-roofed barn , which made It necessary to keep it off the roof and It was not prac ticable lo remove it in sections. The illustration shows the plan that was adopted. First , a ladder was placed against the tree , then a pair of self-locking pulleys , a , were suspended from the limb , b , and attached to the branch about four feet from the tree. Next , a irope , b c , was attached to ono of the larger limbs of the main branch , and another rope , b d , attached to another ,11mb. The object of these ropes waste to prevent the end of the branch from falling upon the roof , and it was nee- .cssary to use two ropes to prevent it .from tipping and turning sidewlse. One end of the rope , b g , was thrown over the limb at b and down to the ground , where it was snubbed Hitching Ropes and Pulleys. around a post. Another rope , e , was attached to the limb at d and extended to the ground. Then the limb was sawed off at f , when 'it hung In the ropes as in a sling. By pulling on the rope , e , the limb was turned around and swung clear of the barn. By 'Slacking ' the pulley rope and the snub bing rope alternately the limb , which weighed about 1,000 pounds , was lowered - , ered to the groupd without any dam- 'age. Fertilizer for the Berries. A well-known gardener recommends the following In the culture of straw berries : Tankage or Peruvian gunno , COO pounds per acre ; flno ground bone , 1.000 pounds ; low grade sulphate of potash , COO pounds ; nitrate of soda , 100 pounds. All these materials may bo mixed , applied after plowing and before set ting plants and thoroughly incorpor ated in soil by harrowing. Watering Plants. Do not water plants during a severely - veroly cold spell of weather , nor nt night In order to keep from chilling iheiu. If freezing is feared wrap well In newspapers and draw from the window. Evergreen Seedlings. The ordinary farmer should not waste time setting out seedling ever greens. Pay a little moro and got transplanted trees ten to IS inches high and then set out lots of them. HISTORY OF TREE CRICKETS Common Insects of Light Greenish Color and Do Serious Injury to Berry Plants. The tree crickets nre rather common Insects , though rarely scon on account of their shy * and retiring halilts. They are slender , usually light-greenish , sometimes greenish-brown , insects , abuiil thifiMiimrtcrs of an inch to an inch long , and with the long , slender antennat ) and piomlneiit ovipositors Side View of Cricket. so characteristic of our bettor-known field crickets. Heretofore It has been supposed that the white Mower cricket , Occanthus nlvous , wns the most com- mdn species and the one responsible in large measure for the numerous ovK position scars in raspberry canes and similar relatively soft-stemmed plants , writes Prof. Felt , New York state en tomologist , in Country Gentleman. He- cent Investigations by Prof. Parrott of the Now York state experiment sta tion and Mr. Jensen of the entomolog ical department of Cornell university , however , show that the white flower cricket'usually deposits its eggs In the hard wood of trees , like tipple , cherry , peach and plum , only one egg being placed In a puncture , and the latter never in the \famlllar series so fre quently seen In raspberry nud black berry canes. The studies of Prof. Par rott show that injury to apple trees by the snowy tree cricket Is likely to bo followed by blight Infection. The long scries of egg punctures so common In raspberry and blackberry canes are produced , according to the observations of Prof. Parrott , by the Ovlpositlon of Tree Cricket. A. Lonsltm11nnl scar on cano ; B. cano cut open to show CKKS In position ; C. CJJK. very much enlarged. black-horned tree cricket , Oecanthus nigricornls , while Mr. Jensen at Ithaca found the four-spotted tree cricket , Oecanthus quadripunctatus , depositing eggs in a similar manner. These egg punctures are in regular series , some ! two or three inches long , and when abundant are very likely to bo fol lowed by the canes splitting or even breaking during the winter. In some Instances three-fourths of the canes In a berry patch have been seriously injured in this manner. The life history of these various ! tree crickets , so far as known , is very ! similar. The eggs are deposited in , the fall in herbaceous or woody stems , the young tree crickets hatch ing in the spring and feeding on sinallt insects .such as plant-lice. Maturity la attained by midsummer or early fall , and is followed by the deposition of eggs as described above. The tree crickets , aside from mechanical In juries inflicted , must bo regarded as beneficial , since they subsist on other Insects , though unfortunately the in juries resulting from ovlposltion are frequently extensive , and the presence of the tree crickets is , therefore , not an unmitigated blessing. These in sects are most abundant among coarse weeds and shrubby growths. Consequently quently the adoption of clean cultural methods , so far as possible , will beef of considerable service in reducing their numbers and preventing possible injury. Tools for Grafting. The tools required for grafting are a saw with flue teeth for cutting off the stocks , a largo sharp knlfo for paring the top smooth , a thin-bladed , , sharp knife for cutting the scion , n grafting chisel with which to split the stock and hold open the cleft for the ; insertion of the scion , and grafting , wax for covering , to keep out air and water from all cuts made. Remove Fruit "Mummies. " Much old dried up fruit will bo. . found hanging on the trees at this season of the year. This is especially - ! ly true of peach trees. In nearly nil ; orchards nearly every tree contains , from a dozen to a hundred or moro of these fruit " " "mummies. They are full of the spores of fruit disease germs and will spoil next year's fruit If not removed. When to Plant Vegetables. When the trees are In full leaf , plant tender vegetables corn , beans , and the melon family. Begin cultiva tion between the rows almost as soon as the seeds are planted , and try to cultivate before the weeds appear. JIIUO played less havoc In the woodlands of the national for est states last year than it did In 1908 , although the number of llrcs was 410 greater. The de partment of agriculture has just com pleted the statistics. The protective value of the work of the department is shown in that (1) ( ) almost eighty per cent , of the flres wore extin guished before as much as live acres had been damaged ; (2) ( less than ono and one-half acres to the square mile of national forest land was , burned over ; (3) ( ) and the amount of'damagc done to the burned-over area averaged but $1.20 per acre. For the twelve months ended De cember 111 last , there were 3,138 flres on the forests , 1,186 caused by loco motives , 41)1 by campers , 291 by light ning , 1S1 by brush burning , 97 by in cendiaries , 08 by sawmills and donkey engines , 153 by miscellaneous and 758 by unknown agencies. The area burned over was , in- round figures , .160,000 acres , of which about 62,001) ) wore private lands in national for ests , as against some 400,000 acres in 1908. Some 170,000,000 board foot ot timber wns consumed , of which 33- 000,000 feet was privately owned , as against 230,000,000 in the previous est boundaries carried on by the for est olllccrs last summer and fall has resulted In now information , which will make it possible to restore to the unreserved public domain much land along the edges of and within forests that is not best suited to forest pur poses. This Is to bo done under a plan approved by President Taft. The plan was formulated by Secretary \Vllson and Secretary Balllngcr jointly , and recommends : 1. Lands wholly or In part covered with brush or other undergrowth which protects stoamflow or checks erosion on the watershed of any stream Important to irrigation or to the wa ter supply of any city , town , or com munity , or open lands on which trees may be grown , should bo retained within the national forests , unless their permanent valve under cultiva tion is greater than their value as a protective forest. 2. Lands wholly or In part covered with'timber or undergrowth , or cut- over lands which are moro valuable for the production of trees than for agricultural crops , and lands densely stocked with young trees having a prospective value greater than the value of the lanu for agricultural pur- O7 # PATROL DUTY year. The loss In value of timber de Btroyed was less than $300,000 , of which close to $50,000 was privately owned. The loss of the year oofore was about $ -150,000. Damage done to reproduction and forage shows a re markable decrease , less than $160,000 being the record for 1909 and over $700,000 that for 1908. The largest number of flres occurred In Idaho 991 ; but the great Increase over 1908 in that state namely , 573 , Is entirely attributable to flres in the Coeur d'Alono , which were extin guished without material damage. Lo comotive sparks were accountable for 611 of the blazes in this forest last year. The explanation of the increase in the total for all forests is to bo found in this Coeur d'Alene increase. The report of the forester for 1909 said of the Hro record of 1908 : "That year was ono of prolonged drought during the summer and fall , and of disastrous forest flres throughout the country. The national forests suf fered relatively little. ' . . . About 232,191,000 board feet of timber , or 0.00 per cent , of the stand , was destroyed. . . . A total of 2,728 flres was re ported , of which 2,089 were small flres confined as a rule to an area of Jlvo acres or less. The cost of fire fighting , exclusive of the salaries of forest , ofll ccrs , was $73,283.33. This sum , addea to the proportion of the total salaries of rangers and guards properly charge able to patrol and flro lighting , was less than one-twentieth of ono per cent of the value of .tho timber pro tected , estimated at an average stumpage - age value of $2 per thousand. " The examination of national for- poses , should be retained within the national forests. 3. Lands not either \\holly or In part covered with timber or under growth , which are located above tim ber line within the forest boundary or in small bodies scattered through the forest , making elimination im practicable , or limited areas which are necessarily Included for a proper ad ministrative boundary line , should bo retained within the national forests. 4. Lands not either wholly or In part covered with timber or under growth , except as provided for in the preceding paragraphs , upon which it is not expected to grow trees , should ln > eliminated from * .hc national for ests. ests.On On the whole the changes which are found to bo called for nro of rel atively minor importance , but in their aggregate they open to settlement ot 4,000,000 acre ; , or moro of national forest land. Some of the land is suitable for dry land agriculture , though the greater part is grazing land. In Idaho , which has a largo national forest area , about 470,000 acres will bo eliminated , of Whlcli 31 per cent , is tillable. Elim inations lu similar proportion will bo made In a number of the other west ern states which have largo amounts of laud in national forests. The Philosopher of Folly. "Tho man who didn't know It was loaded , and the man who lets the wa ter get low in the boiler , " says the Philosopher of Folly , "aro blood brothers to the rich guy who writua spoony letters to his manicurist. " MT. M'KINLEY EXPEDITION RE. WARDED BY VICTORY. NO TRACE OF RcCORDS FOUND Unable to Locate the Camps of Dn Cook and Route Which Ho De scribed Was Found To Be Impassable. Fairbanks. Alaska. Tlio Fairbanks expedition that reached the summit of Mount McKlnloy started to follow the ronto Dr. Cook said ho took , and was obliged to abandon It as Impassable. Thomas Lloyd , leader , declared Wed nesday that no traces of Cook's camps wore found. Lloyd placed his crude notes of the journey in the hands of a committee of the Order of Pioneers of Alaska , who will arrange for publication of the Btory. The party took photographs ot the summit and of points along the trail. They also established the trail so well that It can bo followed by other parties next summer. On one stretch of trail eight miles long , the explorers worked two weeks. On one ot the peaks a flagstaff fourteen feet tall was erected , llrmly buttressed by rocks. The work done by the Fair banks men can ho easily verltled. An anerolt measurement taken by ho men places the height of the Mountain at 20fiOO foot. Ten men were In the party that left Fairbanks with dog trains In Decem ber. It Is the theory ot the lendorn hat the ascent would ho less dan gerous In early spring than later when he snow begins to melt. This theory ivns conllnnod by the experience of ho expedition. The party did not set out to disap prove Dr. Cook's story , hut to climb ho mountain. It found thn summltit ittorly unlike those pictured In the Cook book. On the rock peak , It loft an American flag , six by twelve feet iittached to the fourteen-foot staff. The Hag was visible for a long distance on he north side 'of the mountain. The view from the summit was ob scured by clouds at the low lower lev els. The building of the monument or buttress about the flagstaff was diffi cult because of the rarlfled atmos phere. The snow was generally flrm and the crevasses lUled with snow and easy to cross except In a few Instances. Later In the season ava lanches and treacherous crevasses must bo guarded against. The explorers discovered a mag nificent unnamed peak 10,000 feet high , and also a new' pass through the mountain range which shortens the distance to the coast seventy-flvo miles. The pass is flanked by ma jestic perpendicular walls. Daniel Patterson , W. II. Taylor and Charles McGonniglo remained at Knt- Ishiiii and only Lloyd came In. The pioneers' committee took steps to ver ify Lloyd's story before stamping it enulno , and even now are disinclined to surrender his notes , , although satis- fled that they amply prove the story. The return of Lloyd from the moun- aln In nlno days was duo to the ox- ccllnnt trail made by the party. Is Granted Pardon. Naslnillo , Teiin. Col. Duncan B. Cooper , convicted of killing Former Senator K. W. Carmaek , and sentenced to twenty years' imprisonment , was granted a full pardon Wednesday by Governor Patterson Just after the Tennessee supreme court had reaf firmed the sentence. Robin , son of Col. Cooper , convicted with his father of killing Carmaek has his case remanded to the lower court for a now trial by the supreme court. In the younger man's case , the supreme premo court was divided , Chief Jus tice Beard reading a dissenting opin ion. Governor Patterson's pardon for Colonel Cooper declares : "In my opinion neither of the de fendants Is guilty and they have not had a fair and impartial trial , but were convicted contrary to the law and evidence. " The reversal In the case of Robin Is based upon assignments of error irf the trial Judge's failing to charge sep arately as to Robin Cooper's theory of solf-dcfense , linking the defense of the two defendants together ; excluding testimony of Governor Patterson ns to talk's with defendant , Robin Cooper and advice given him as to Colono Cooper before the tragedy , and the ad mission of cross-examination of Robli Cooper , as to Intent of certain states witnesses In testifying to certain in cidents. Washington. The personal estate of the late Thomas F. Walsh , the mining king , Is valued at $3,600,000 , according to the petition which the American Se curity & Trust Co. , his executor , flled for the probate of his will. Is Released on Bond. Ixmvcuworlh , Kas. William Powell , a member of the Maybray gang , was released from the federal penitentiary Wednesday o n $ 10,000 bond approved by Judge Smith McPhorson. before whom Maybray and his associates were convicted. Powell is out on bond , pending an appeal of his case to the United States court of appeals. Edward Loach , also convicted In con nection with the Maybray frauds , will probably be released on bond. 3y virtue of its uncqualcd Dlood-purifying , nerve-streng thening , stomach-toning , appe tite-restoring properties , is the one Great Spring Medicine. Del It loilny. In liquid form or chocolated ablet * culled Hivrmitiiba. 1DO doHCH $1. HAD A PRIVATE MENAGERIE < Jo Other Explanation for Colonel's Extraordinary Outbreak Seems Possible. "lilt's a wonder to me , " said the aid family servant , "dat dc ol' kunnol lon't go into do circus business , out an' nit ho sco so many anlmlles 'long bout do Chrla'mus time , an * dcy dooa > lch funny tricks ! Leastways , dat vhat ho say. Only ylstiddy do preach , como tor see him , rldln' of his ol * illii' hess I mean do hosa what blln' n ono eye an' w'en do kunnol spied ilm ho holler out : 'Git off dom two elephants , an" tu'n dat tlgor nlooso. or' ho blto do llfo outcn you I An * shoo dom two monkeys oft yo' shout * lor , an' don't lot dat giraffe poke hla eng neck In my winder ! ' Well , suh , lo preacher wuss cl'ar kcrllumniuxcd , 10 wus ! , sccln * oz dar wam't nuttin' t all dar but htm an' his ol' ttlln' hess ; but w'on bo seen do kuniicl grab hla of war rnuskct an' holler Oat he'd shoot dem monkeys off his shoulder , do preacher say : 'Lawd ho'p him ! ' an * do time dat of blln' hess made git- tin * back tor whar ho como fum wuz oo quick tcr bo sot down In do racln' rickorda ! " Atlanta Constitution. A Small Loaf. A. half-famished follow In the south ern states tolls of a baker ( whoso loaves had boon growing "small by by degrees and beautifully less" ) who , when going his rounds to servo his customers , stopped at the door of ono and knocked , when the lady within ex claimed : "Who's there ? " and was answered : "Tho baker. " "What do you want ? " "To leave your bread. " " \Vcll \ , you needn't make such a fusa about It ; put it through the koyholo. " Stern Justice In Russia. In Jlvo years C.2S8 death sentences hitvo been pronounced by Russian judges and 2,805 of these were car ried Into execution. This Is an average - ago of 101 death sentences and 48 ex ecutions for every month. Hut thcro wcro some months in which the num ber ran up to 220. January , 1908 , waa the richest in executions , there having been as many as 19 in one day. Getting In Deep. "Father , " said little Uollo , "what la the fourth dimension ? " "Why or my son , that is hard to explain to the Inexpert intelligence. It Is something that may exist , only you can't locate it. " "I know. It's like the ploqfo of plo I'm to got when there Is company to dinner. " Critics and Managers Clash. Between the whole press of Copen hagen and all the theatrical managers a curious contest has started becausb the managers want to compel the critics to wrlto only favorable noticed. The contest began when the board ot theatrical managers forbade the ad mission of ono critic representing a special theatrical paper. Melody Is the goldbn thread' run ning through the maze of tones by which the .car is guided and the heart reached. Chrlstianl. A man's Idea ot a generous net is having a chance to take all another fellow's money and leaving him some loose change. Blessed Are They That Want Little. ' Those who want fewest things are nearest to the gods. Diogenes. Many a Clever HousewiJe Has learned that to serve Post Saves worry and labor , and pleases each mem ber of the family as few other foods do. The crisp , dainty , fluffy bits are fully cooked ready to serve from the package with crea-m or good milk. Give the home-folks a treat. "The Memory Lingers" Plijis ioc. unit 150. Postum Cereal Compiiny. Ltd. , Baltic Creek Mich