The Ouster County Republican D. M. AMSBERRY , Editor BROKEN BOW , . NEBRASKA oooooooooooooooooooooooo < x > lo o 9 Washington , Congressional , I'olili- ยง cal and Other Events Briefly Told g 0 O oooooooooooooooooooooooooo Foreign. Tho government of San Domingo is not paying serious attention to tho border uprising of the Halten frontier , but is leaving the situation there to bo handled by the local police , accord ing to a dispatch received from Do minican foreign ofllco by Honor Halllo , tho charge d'affaires at Washington. A bomb exploded In a suburb of St. Petersburg , killing one of the two men who had it In their possession and wounding the other. Boforo his arrest tho wounded man attempted to conceal u second bomb and a revolver. Tho mtii were dressed as laborers , but It Is believed they wero disguised revo lutionists. Ralph Wilner of Now York , an engi neer , ' "an expelled from his hotel by the iiuiico today upon the expiration of hla permit of sojourn In tho coun try. Wllnor , who Is traveling in Rus sia as a representative of an American ilrm , got into trouble through his mis apprehension of tho Intent of his pass port. The recall from Persia of General Snarskij the Russian commander , and tho bulk of his forces , as reported a few days ago from Tabriz , was an nounced on tho 12th. Lady Constance Lytton and Mrs. II. N. Brrtilsford , who wero arrested at Newcastle following a suffragettes' demonstration against David Lloyd- George , tho chancellor of tho ex chequer , wero sentenced each to a mouth's Imprisonment. A revolution has broken out in San to D omlngo. Tho insurgents , headed by General Andro Navarro , attacked Dajabon , a town near the Ilaytian frontier , but wero repulsed b tho gov ernment , troops. Edgar W. Mix , victor In tho inter national race for tho Gordon Bennett balloon cup , was accorded a warm re- loptlon on his arrival' in Paris. General. The National Paint , Oil and .Varnish . association went on record favoring a parcels post. Tho report was adopted unanimously. David II. Jones , Identified with lum ber Interests In Chicago , New York , St. Louis and California for many years , died suddenly In Chicago. Tho national capital Is planning a great pageant of International scopo for tho next fourth of July. At a meeting of officials and business men of the District of Columbia , held in 'the office of Commissioner McFarland , It was decided to Invite , through their diplomatic representatives each of the twonty-ono Central and South Ameri can republics to Join In a great Inter national parade , In which the marines of tho various governments will par ticipate , A recommendation that the navy yards bo divided Into four depart ments , each In charge of a general manager , is said to bo tho most Im portant result of the Investigation by n special board of naval officers , head ed by Rear Admiral Swift , whose re port reached Washington. Plans for tho fortification of the Panama canal aro going forward. Pension Commissioner Warner says tho list of civil war veterans Is rap- Idly growing smaller. Frank E. Hanscome , cashier of tho failed bank at Mineral Point , Wis. , committed suicide. Tho Japanese-American bank of San Francisco was closed. Governor Hughes will take no part in tho New York municipal campaign. United State Treasurer Treat is an advocate of a central bank. In an address before 500 doctors , members of the Mississippi Valley Medical Association , Dr. W. C. Stiles , of tho federal marine hospital service , at Washington , says that 2,000,000 per sons in southern states are afflicted with "hookworm , " the lazy man's dis ease. ' Dr. Ira Remsen , president of Johns Hopkins university national academy of sciences , will appoint a committee to examine tho Arctic records of Com mander Peary and Dr. Cook If tho council of tho sclenttllc body decides It will bo proper for him to accept tho Invitation to do so. Federal Judge Anderson ruled for tho Indianapolis editors In the Pana- ma libel case. Whether ho intends to bo a candi date for tho republican nomination for congress In tho Third NebrasRa district next year Is a subject on which ex-Congressman Boyd Is non committal at this time. Tho Harvard university corporation has received from Mrs. Edith F. Per- Icins of Burlington , la. , widow of Charles Elliott Perkins , for many years president of tho Chicago , Bur lington & Qulncy railroad , a gift of $30,000. to bo held in trust for tho establishment of scholarships at the institution In memory of her husband. Candidate Bannard believes ho has n chance to win tho Now York mayor- ally. ally.At At midnight Juno 1G tho 15,000 electric light of tho Alaskn-Yukon-Pa- clflo exposition wero put out , closing the World's fair of 1909. Copies of circulars Issued in north China by r. body of Chinese , calling themselves the popular association of tho thrco eastern provinces , havo been received In Japan , after having been spread broadcast among Chinese of tho lower classes. * Third Assistant Postmaster Gen eral Lawsho announced to tho her ls of tho bureaus In Ma division that ho Intended to resign from tho postoffico department. Seventy thousand acres of land un der tho Carey act wero opened for entry In Montana. Number ono was drawn by R. A. Carpenter of Oak Park , 111. Governor Hughes was tho central figuro In tho Hudson , N. Y. , celebra tion. tion.Wilbur Wilbur Wright received $12,600 from the Hudson-Fulton commission for tho spectacular flights ho made over Now York hay and up the Hud son during tho celebration. Wright put In his bill for that amount and It was paid by the commission. Solution of tho "shortage of beef" problem Is to havo a largo place In tho scheme of education promulgated by tho domestic science department of tho National Corn exposition In Omaha in December. How to treat cattle and how to treat meat so as to improve and perpetuate tho breed and Increase tho production and do mestic utility of tho beef aro the principles to bo fostered. An amended petition for a writ of mandamus to compel tho board of ro- view to tax slock owned by Chicago millionaires whoso total holdings aro valued by tho petitioner at ? 2GG50- { 000 , was Hied In tho circuit court by an attorney for tho Illinois Tax Reform league. Congressman J. A. T. Hull , who waH the guest of honor at a banquet givon by 200 business men of DCS Molncs de fended tho rules of tho house of rep resentatives as necessary for tho transaction of business. Senator Pat McCarren , leader of tho New York democracy , Is very low and not expected to live. Henry R. Frankland , whoso homo Is In Chicago , was found dying under the Tenth Rtrcdt viaduct In Omaha , his throat cut and Ills pockets turned In side out. Hlu companion , a negro , is under arrest. The town of Denmark , Tenn. , has been wrecked , two persons wero killed , several aro known to havo been injured and others aro missing as a result of the storm. Earl Bullock , formerly of South Omaha and now of Omaha , rises to remark that ho is not tho real Earl Bullock whom the Kansas police and posses are hunting for tho robbery of a bank. ' Tho constitutionality of tho Illinois 2-cent rate l w Is attacked in an ac tion brought In tho federal circuit court by tho Chicago , Peoria & St. Louis Railroad company. Washington. Death's invasion of tho fast thin ning ranks of war veterans caused 18,312 names to be dropped from tho pension rolls of the United States last year. Of this number 32,831 wore survivors of tho civil war. Tho total loss to tho pension roll from all causes was 51,581 , A now minister to China will hard ly bo appointed until tho president returns to Washington. It Is no secret that tho Washing ton government will welcomo tho overthrow of President Hclaya. A recommendation that tho navy yards bo divided into four depart ments , each In charge of a general manager , Is said to bo'tlio most Im portant result of tho Investigation by a special board of naval officers , head ed by Rear Admiral Swift , whoso re port reached Washington. It Is under stood that there Is a supplementary report signed by a minority of the board. Organized labor , representing many parts of this country , Canada and Cuba , paid a notable tribute to tho homecoming from Europe of Samuel Gompors , president of tho American federation of labor , who arrived from Now York. Tho celebration in honor of his return , after an absence of sev eral months , was probably tho most enthusiastic demonstration over ac corded an American labor leader. There was a monster parade , followed by a big mass meeting at convention hall. hall.Tho Tho discovery of alleged forgeries and defalcations aggregating , accord- Ing to unofficial advices , approximate ly $210,000 , resulted In closing tho doors of tho First National bank of Mineral Point , Wis. , and the appoint ment of John W. Schotlcld , of tho office of tho comptroller of tho cur- rancy , as receiver. Personal. Tho man who accompanied Dr. Cook on his Mt. McKlnley climb de clares they did not reach tho summit. John Pearsons , brother-in-law of Senator J. P. Dolllvcr , has won his case In tho United States circuit court of appeals , tho suit brought by AVaro Loland to recover upon book account and notes. Tho Illness of Justice Moody is con sidered serious to tho cause of tho "government lawsuits. Mrs. Taft is arranging matters at Beverly preparatory to returning to Washington soon. Harvard university formally opened by Installation of President Lowell. Chinese Minister Wu attended a spiritualistic seance at Washington , and was impressed. Peary's-artlclo is reparded by many as not convincing and composed of evidence which is very weak. Mrs. Sarah T. McAllister , widow of Ward McAllister , famous in his day as a leader of Now York society , died at her homo In Now York. It Is rumored that Pension Com missioner Warner Is about to resign. Street car strikers In Omaha have determined to go on with the light US TO THE GOVERNOR DISCUSSES THE LATE FEDERAL DECISION. MORE CARE MilNG SELECTION Ctntc Railway Commission Will Not Heed Omaha at Present. Other Matters at Lincoln * Gov. Sheldon has filed a statement In reference to tho decision of tho federal coul Declaring invalid the Nebraska bank guaranty law on un constitutional grounds. In tho state ment the governor" calls attention of the public to tho need for more care in the selection of dignitaries of the Inferior courts , and points out that congress must amend tho laws so that laws , resulting from legislation of a state , shall not be carried at once from tho control of tho state courts and lodged in the federal courts. He says that in such a case as tho ono under discussion the stato supreme court should have had final Jurisdic tion , with an appeal only directly to tho United States supremo court. Governor Shallenberger says that the highest court of the land has tho con fidence of tho people , while very often tho Inferior courts aro presided over by men who have been rewarded for political activity. Ho charges that in tho present instance tho Inferior court has usurped the prerogative of the supremo court and has passed on a case similar to the one now before tho supremo court , which had the lower court waited , would have set tled onco for all tho points In dispute. State Balks on Valuation. Tho Stato Railway commission will not at this time give heed to the city council of Omaha and place a value upon tho physical property of the Omaha & Ccuncll Bluffs Street Rail way company. Ti.o commission has written a letter to Dan Butler , city clerk , In which It says the legislature appropriated $10,000 for the use of tho commission in finding tho physical valuation of public utility corpora tions , and tho law speclllcally provides that the steam railroads shall be valued first. Tho commission , how ever , states that complaint has been filed asking for a reduction In fares on the street railway lino and that its value will bo a proper subject of inquiry , and if the , city desires to put engineers to work on tho case the commission will give serious consi deration to their testimony. This Is what tho city authorities of Lincoln did In a similar case some time ago. As to Chaplain Huff. Governor Shallenborger received a letter from Frederick M. Smith of Independence , Mo. , first counselor of tho Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. Mr. Smith is a son of President Joseph Smith , who is a son of tho Joseph Smith who founded tho church. Coun selor Smith begs the governor not to be swayed by religious prejudice In case Chaplain Huff of tho state peni tentiary has been found to be an able Christian man. Ho says that no effort has been spared to mako clear the difference between the reorganized church , which insists upon monogamy , and the Mormon church , which sanc tions polygamy. The governor Is asked , if lie is not satisfied as to the character of tho men in the reorgan ized church , to Inquire of Senator Bur rows 'of Michigan or of Senators Dol- liver and Cummins of Iowa Eight 'O'clock Closing Law. Tho fate of the 8 o'clock closing law now rests with the supremo court. Tho appeal of Frank Dlnuz/o of Oma ha , convicted in the lower court of Douglas county of selling liquor after 8 o'clock at night and which resulted In tho revocation of his license under tho daylight saloon bill was argued to tho court. It was argued that the law In unconstitutional. Showing of lncomeWanted. / . County Attorney Tyrrell has filed a hiotlon with tho railroad commission ers asking the traction company to produce a detailed statement of its gross receipts sjnco the merger and for a year before. IIo also asks tho compariy to place a valuation upon Its heating plant and show Its income. Move in Bond Case. Attorney General Thompson llled an affidavit in tho federal court , sclgned by John M. Gllchrlst. resisting the ap plication of tl'.e American Surety com pany of Now York for a temporary In junction to prevent tho newly-created Stato Bonding board from regulating tho rates charged by suiety companies in Nebraska. Spinal Disease In Lincoln. Lincoln has several cases of cerebro spinal meningitis , tho disease which caused so much trouble In York and Polk counties andover which tho physicians disagreed. Some contend ed that tho disease was poliomyelitis , which , though a longer name , Is said not to bo as serious as tho first named disease. Row Over Law Enforcement. The city of Lincoln is certainly up against it over tho row between tho legal department of the county and of tho city. As tho county attorney could not get tho support of tho city authorities in his efforts to clean out tho proscribed district ho has called upon the city attorney to do some work in police court. Tho ' city attor ney comes back with'the statement that It Is tho duty of tho county at torney to do his duty In the police court and tho city attorney Is not re quired to bo present at the court. WANT CENSUS tAKERG. Appointments to Como From Thoso Taking Examination. Announcement has been sent to tho registrar's office of tho university of tho examinations for appointment as special census agent which aro to bo selected from those who take an ex amination based on , first , their abil ity to mako sample schedules from the balance sheet of a company ; sec ond , on their ability to mako ut a schedule from a simple narrative of facts as to a manufacturing concern , arid , third , upon business experience as shown by their applications. Ap plications aro to bo made before Oc tober 25. A special agent of tho Ilrst class will receive from $4.50 to $ G.OO per diem and those of the second class from $3.00 to $4.00 per diem. Examinations In Nebraska will bo held In Lincoln , Omaha , Grand Island , Norfolk and North Platte. The uni versity student who has specialized In commercial work is particularly eligible for this sort of a job and It will make a pleasant vacation job. State Historical Society. Eighteen of the twenty-four old set tlers' societies and local historical so cieties known to exist In the stato have became auxiliary to the State Historical society since tho move ment to unite such organizations was started about a year ago. These lo cal societies aro constantly getting hold of good material and In this way aro an aid to the state society , besides giving it representatives in the different parts of tho state. Fifty- five now members of the State His torical society have been added to tho list of membership during the past three months , making tho mem bership now 800. Also an addition of ICO new titles has been made to the library In the same time. Tho officers of tho society reoprt a notice able Increase In the use of the li brary , especially by members of the different women's clubs who are en gaged in historical study. The soci ety has just had fifty-eight volumes of Nebraska dally newspapers bound and Mr. Hannan of the newspaper department has started cataloging the different volumes , of which there aro 3,400 now bound. Besides these there are 253 volumes of foreign newspapers. These will all be cata loged according to the Dewey sys tem , which Is used in the library. During the last three months thirty- six different newspapers have been added to the collection , making 494 now being received. The State Teachers' Meeting. At the state teachers' meeting to be held in Lincoln November 3-6 the plan for the annual banquet has been changed. Last year an Immense union affair was pulled off at the Au ditorium , but it was found that this structure or any other that could be obtained in the city was not commo dious enough to accommodate all the applicants for plates. So this year there will bo banquets in four divi sions. Ono of theso , tho normal training , high schoo\s \ and the junior normal schools , has already sent out its program and called on all mem- bors'of the association affiliated with this branch of public education to en roll at once if they wish to attend the yearly spread. It will be held at tho First Christian church , corner of Fourteenth and M streets , and will be served by the ladies of the church at so much per plate. The Squirrel Harvest. Squirrel hunters are reaping a rich harvest around Lincoln. The rodents are not hard to shoot , which led to a law a few years ago to protect them. Now that they havo multiplied ex tensively in the timbered stretches of the stato under this very law , and a recent law passed gives them over to the nlmrod for two months each fall , the .results . havo been apparent. Hunters going out to the woods near this city havo returned usually with as many as they cared to carry. Far ther east In the state it is said the supply Is much greater. Lincoln Man to Bring Suit. Herman Becket of Lincoln , who was injured in an automobile accident In Pottawatamle county , Iowa , several weeks ago , because of a defective bridge , admitted that ho will soon bring suit against that county. Ho dedllned to say how much ho would sue for , but did say that the papers will be filed within a day or two. Ho was so severely hurt In the accident , In which ono woman was killed , that It was necessary for him to spend some tlmo under a physician's care. Working on pity Charter. Tho city of Lincoln is preparing to go before the next legislature for a new charter which will provide for tho commission plan of government. Committees havo been appointed from the Commercial club and city officials to draft tho bill and before the legis lature convenes it is hoped to havo the measure in such shape that at least a portion of the citizens can agree upon it. Corn huskers aro hard to got , al though five cents per bushels Is being paid. To Begin October 25. Notice has been sent out from the office of tho clerks of tho federal cir cuit and district courts to tho lawyers who will havo cases In tho coming term , calling their attention to tho fact , that tho October term will be gin on October 25. The Lincoln Labor Temple asso ciation bought tho brick building at 217-219 North Eleventh street for $18,000. Work will bo started Imme diately to prepare the building for a labor temple. DR. COOK NOT TO LONG KEEP THE COUNTRY WAITING. TWO MONTHS WILL BE LIMIT University of Copenhagen Declines to Waive Its Claim , and Will Have First Look Peary Submlto Data. Toledo , 0. Dr. Frederick A. Cook said Wednesday that ho will bo ready to submit proofs of tho discovery of tho north poleto tho University of Copenhagen within two months or possibly within a month. Ho will be gin work upon 'his documents on his return to New York Immediately after the close of his lecture tour at Minne apolis next Monday. "These documents will consist of astronomical and geographical data , my observations and records , " he said. "It was the original plan to submit these proofs first to the University of Copenhagen and there has never been any reason for changing It. There is no reason why the National Geo graphic society should be given prece dence over any other society In Amer ica , and the records will be open to tho Inspection of all such societies after the University of Copenhagen has completed its Investigation. " Following tho preparations of his documents , Dr. Cook said he will con sider his plan of ascending Mount McKlnley. Copenhagen. Tho University of Copenhagen has declined to forego its privilege to the first examinations of tho north polar records of Dr. Cook. The authorities of the university ca bled totho National Geographic so ciety at Washington as follows : "Sorry. University not able to com ply with your request. " Dr. Cook had promised to first sub mit Ills records to the faculty of the University of Copenhagen , but on Oct ober 15 the university was requested to waive Us claim of priority In favor of tho National Geographic society , which sought an early detemlnation of the contoversy which has arisen. Rector Torp , of the University of Copenhagen , cabled to Dr. Cook the following message : "When will you be able to send the original observations and instru ments ? TORP. " Lawrence , Kan. Dr. Frank Strong , chancellor of the University of Kan sas , today sent a telegram to Dr. Frederick A. Cook tendering , in the nam'e of the university , tho services of Prof. Li. Li. Dyche with the expedition to scale Mount McKlnley to recover the records the explorer declares he left there in 190G. Professor Dyche has been with both Dr. Cook and Commander Pesry on polar expedi tions. Prof. L. L. Dyche , of the University of Kansas , when notified that Dr. Cook had accepted his offer to climb Mt. McKlnley , said he was willing to make the ascent. "Of course , " he said , "it would be impossible to mako the climb before spring. Then It would be necessary to establish food caches along tho route so as to provide food for the return trip. Much of the difficulty in getting near the summit would He in tho doubling of the trail In order to carry all the food required unless the outfit could be equipped with many pack animals. It probably Is not so dangerous as It Is arduous in making the ascent. " Professor Dyche eiid he had abso lute confidence in Dr. Cook's state ment that he reachc ! the summit of the mountain. Benjamin F. Barnes Dead. ' Washington. Benjamin F. 'Barnes , postmaster of , this city and who served as executive clerk under Presi dent McKinley and later as assistant secretary to President Roosevelt , dropped dead here Wednesday of heart failure. Mr. Barnes had been in par ticularly good humor over the fact that he had today been admitted to practice before the supreme court of the District of Columbia On at .east two occasions Mr. Barnes came prominently into the limelight. One was at the time he was alleged to havo played a part in ejecting Mrs. Minor Morris , a sister of Representative Hull of Iowa , from the White House. The Incident cre ated a sensation at tho tlmo. Presi dent Roosevelt stood resolutely by Mr. Barnes and further emphasized Tiis friendship by appointing him about three a half years ago as postmaster Driven to Bay by Posse. Muskogee. Old. Driven to bay by a pose of deputy sheriffs , Joe Drew , a negro who shot and killed his moth or , Eliza Drew , and his cousin , Jennie Mclntosh , Wednesday committed sui cide by shooting himself while near Porter , Old. , Wednesday. Drew elud ed tho officers for several 'hours after the shooting. He built up a barricade of logs and fought the posse from behind them until Ills amunltlon was almost exhausted. Then he ihountod his log fortress and shot himself through tho head. Howl Down the Socialist. New York. The financial district saw a lively riot Wednesday afternoon when several hundred office boys and messengers employed in brokers' of fices tried to howl down Edward F. Cassldy , tho socialist candidate for mayor , and several others who tried to speak on Wall street near the office of J. P. Morgan. It required the ser vices of thirteen policemen to keep tho crowd in check. "Mr. Morgan , who had been out at luncheon , arrived at his office in time to catch one ol tho most heated periods denouncing capital. JERSEY LILY. Mr. Brown ( to new cook ) What is your name ? Cook Mary , sir. Mr. Brown Dear mo , that in my wife's name. We shall have to call you something else. Cook Never mind , call mo Lily ! BABY'S WATERY ECZEMA. Itched and Scratched Until Blood Ran $50tSpent on Useless Treatment * Disease Seemed Incurable. Cured by Cutlcura for $1.50. "When my little boy was two and a. half months old ho broko out on both cheeks with eczema. It was tho Itchy , watery kind and we had to keep hla T little hands wrapped up all tho time , and if ho would happen to get them uncovered ho would claw his face till tho blood streamed down on his cloth ing. Wo called in a physician at once , but ho gave an ointment which was so severe that my babe would scream when it was put on. Wo changed doctors and medicine until wo had. spent fifty dollars or moreand baby- was getting worse. I was so worn out watching and caring for him night and day that I almost felt sure tho disease was incurable. But finally reading of the good results of tho Cuticura Rem edies , I determined to try them. I can truthfully say I was moro than surprised , for I bought only a dollar and a halfs worth of the Cuticura Remedies ( Cuticura Soap , Ointment and Pills ) , and they did more good than all my doctors' medicines I had tried , and in fact entirely cured him. His face Is perfectly clear of the least spot or scar of anything. Mrs. W. M. Comerer , Burnt Cabins , Pa. , Sept. 15 , 1908. " Potter Drag & Chcm. Con > . . Solo Props. . Boston. Expensive Silence. Little four-year-old Alice was lying on the floor whining and crying stead ily one afternoon , until , her father's patience exhausted , he called out to her : "Oh , stop , Alice , and I'll give you a penny. " Alice stopped oiiiy long enough to answer : " 1 can't stop for less than a nickel ! Boohoo ! Boohoo ! " Why Not ? Aunt Splnsterly I hope that your opinions uphold tho dignity of your sex , Mamie , and that you believe that every woman should have a vote. Mamie I don't go quite so far as that , aunty ; but I believe that every woman should have , a voter. Sketch. The angels are always waiting to open the windows of heaven over the head of the man who will bring the last tithe into the storehouse. In after years a man wishes he was half as smart as ho used to think ho was. I'KUKY DAVIS * PAINKIW.KH costs only lite , ate or Me n tiottln.butltcontulnsmany dollars' \vortli of virtue In curing colds , rheumatism , neuralgia , iintl kindred Ills , The wickedness of other men wo have always in our eye , but we cast our own over our shoulder. Seneca. Dr. Pierre's pleasant pellets cur constipation.- Constipation Is tho uiUMinf inany diseases. Curo tuo caubo und > ou euro tho disrafo. Uihj to take. To the good tho world Is very good ; to the bad it is bad. Smiles. By Lydia E. Pinkhani's Vegetable Compound GardinerMaine. "I havo been a great sufferer from organic troubles andasevoro female weakness. T h o doctor said I would have to go to tho hospital for an operation , but I could not bear to think of it. 1 de cided to try Lydia E.Pinkham'sVcg- otable Compound and Sanative Wash and was entirely cured after threu months' uso of them. " Mrs. S. A. WILLIAMS , II. F. D. No. 14 , Box 30 , Gardiner , Me. No woman should submit to a surgi. cal operation , which may mean death , until she has given Lydia E. Pinkham'a Vegetable Compound , made exclusive , ly from roots and herbs , a fair trial. This famous medicine for women has for thirty years proved to bo tho most valuable tonic and renowor of the female organism. Women resid ing in almost every city and town in \ . the United States bear willing testi mony to tho wonderful virtue of Lydia E. rinkham's Vegetable Compound. It cures temalo ills , and creates radi ant , buoyant feinalo health. If you are ill , for your own sake as well as those you love , give it a trial. Mrs. Pinkhum , at Iiyiin , Mnss. . Invites Jill sidewomen to ivrito I her for advice. Hcf advice Is free , and always helpful.